Details for: PMM2

Gene ID: 5373

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PMM2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000140650

Description: phosphomannomutase 2

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 18.02
    rCSI 44.6%
    PRS 33.52
  • IgG plasma cell CL0000985
    CSI 16.92
    rCSI 20.27%
    PRS 53.88
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 6.24
    rCSI 9.97%
    PRS 38.32
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 6.17
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 46.24
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 6.13
    rCSI 13.58%
    PRS 32.78
  • small intestine goblet cell CL1000495
    CSI 6.02
    rCSI 13.18%
    PRS 45.04
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 5.22
    rCSI 7.98%
    PRS 51.45
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 4.9
    rCSI 5.86%
    PRS 22.45
  • pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell CL0002062
    CSI 4.46
    rCSI 25.68%
    PRS 38.99
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 4.45
    rCSI 3%
    PRS 43.78
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 6.82%
    PRS 45.85
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 4.05
    rCSI 13.05%
    PRS 35.68
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 4.03
    rCSI 15.11%
    PRS 30.06
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 3.98
    rCSI 10.08%
    PRS 27.67
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 3.83
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 34.79
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 3.63
    rCSI 8.86%
    PRS 32.85
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 13.99%
    PRS 34.2
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 3.22%
    PRS 36.43
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.93%
    PRS 26.93
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 5.46%
    PRS 24.39
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.38
    rCSI 7.57%
    PRS 23.07
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.46%
    PRS 37.36
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 5.75%
    PRS 33.53
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 3.12
    rCSI 2.17%
    PRS 42.35
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 4.06%
    PRS 38.92
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 51.49
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 8.46%
    PRS 46.13
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 7.99%
    PRS 38.1
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 2.13%
    PRS 40.96
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 2.01%
    PRS 30.29
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 35.05
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 6.32%
    PRS 52.62
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 1.52%
    PRS 48.3
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 25.06
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 23.31
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.41
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 27.31
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 54.11
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 57.15%
    PRS 22.03
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 4.67%
    PRS 26.9
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 2.28%
    PRS 37.53
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 37.89
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 55.32%
    PRS 22.81
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 2.25
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 40.18
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 2.87%
    PRS 39.76
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 41.52
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 36.33
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 4.14%
    PRS 26.93
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 21.26
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.43%
    PRS 44.41
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 38.96
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 2.03%
    PRS 36.02
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 33.38
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.31%
    PRS 35.88
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 29.86
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 2.64%
    PRS 32.97
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.95%
    PRS 28.21
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.03
    rCSI 2.99%
    PRS 32.65
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 4.12%
    PRS 34.22
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 37.65
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 4.41%
    PRS 34.78
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.91
    rCSI 2.92%
    PRS 35.59
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 32.95
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 1.96%
    PRS 35.86
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 51.66
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 4.05%
    PRS 25.9
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 3%
    PRS 27.76
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 3.15%
    PRS 27.57
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 4.63%
    PRS 32.34
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 1.54%
    PRS 38.86
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 4.41%
    PRS 34.54
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 1.28%
    PRS 34.97
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.58
    rCSI 3.77%
    PRS 38.28
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 2.16%
    PRS 32.97
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 3.66%
    PRS 21.89
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.46
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 49.58
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 31.62
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.42
    rCSI 4.56%
    PRS 32.38
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 46.79
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.37
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 37.14
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.36
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 33.47
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 4.19%
    PRS 23.52
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 1.33
    rCSI 3.55%
    PRS 30
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 2.01%
    PRS 41.33
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.56%
    PRS 31.78
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 1.29
    rCSI 5.73%
    PRS 80.65
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 2.44%
    PRS 35.37
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.19
    rCSI 3.34%
    PRS 50.2
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.61%
    PRS 45.16
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.05
    rCSI 2.76%
    PRS 58.49
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 0.98
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 21.75
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 1.46%
    PRS 36.47
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 0.87
    rCSI 0.67%
    PRS 33.68
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.84
    rCSI 19.67%
    PRS 58.2
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.83
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 44
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.82
    rCSI 4.05%
    PRS 45.73
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 0.76
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 30.47
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.74
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 23.38
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.63
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 25.45
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.62
    rCSI 3.28%
    PRS 51.19
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 0.58
    rCSI 0.98%
    PRS 22.55
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 24.3%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 56.5%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 23.7%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 55.8%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 25.2%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 29.2%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 0.8%
    PRS 50.7%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 55.4%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 21.5%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 22.6%
  • enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine CL0002071
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 51.2%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 25.5%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 23.4%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 30.5%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 45.7%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 44.0%
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 19.7%
    PRS 58.2%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 33.7%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 36.5%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 21.8%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 58.5%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 45.2%
  • paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine CL1000343
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 50.2%
  • retinal pigment epithelial cell CL0002586
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 35.4%
  • antibody secreting cell CL0000946
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 5.7%
    PRS 80.7%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 10.6%
    PRS 31.8%
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 41.3%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 30.0%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 23.5%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 33.5%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 37.1%
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 46.8%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 32.4%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 31.6%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 49.6%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 21.9%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 33.0%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 38.3%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 35.0%
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 34.5%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 38.9%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 32.3%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 27.6%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 27.8%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 25.9%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 51.7%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 35.9%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 33.0%
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 35.6%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 34.8%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 37.7%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 34.2%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 32.7%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 28.2%
  • adipocyte CL0000136
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 33.0%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 29.9%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 35.9%
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 33.4%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 36.0%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 39.0%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 44.4%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 21.3%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 26.9%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 36.3%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 41.5%
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 39.8%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 40.2%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 55.3%
    PRS 22.8%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 37.9%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 37.5%
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 26.9%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 57.2%
    PRS 22.0%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 54.1%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 27.3%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 23.3%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 25.1%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 48.3%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 6.3%
    PRS 52.6%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 35.1%
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 30.3%
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 41.0%
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 2.8
    rCSI 8.0%
    PRS 38.1%
  • brush cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002075
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 8.5%
    PRS 46.1%
  • unswitched memory B cell CL0000970
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 51.5%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 38.9%
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 3.1
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 42.4%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 33.5%
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 37.4%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 7.6%
    PRS 23.1%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 5.5%
    PRS 24.4%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 26.9%
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 36.4%
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 14.0%
    PRS 34.2%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 8.9%
    PRS 32.9%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 34.8%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 10.1%
    PRS 27.7%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 4.0
    rCSI 15.1%
    PRS 30.1%
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 4.1
    rCSI 13.1%
    PRS 35.7%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 6.8%
    PRS 45.9%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 4.5
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 43.8%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

Loading network (please wait)...

Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) (phosphomannomutase 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16p13.2 that encodes a crucial cytosolic enzyme. This enzyme catalyzes the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, a key step in the synthesis of GDP-mannose. This molecule is an essential precursor for N-linked glycosylation, a fundamental post-translational modification of proteins. Unsurprisingly, [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) shows its highest significance in cells with high secretory activity, such as [lung secretory cell](/details-cell/CL1000272)s and [IgG plasma cell](/details-cell/CL0000985)s, where protein glycosylation is extensive. Loss-of-function mutations in [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) cause PMM2-CDG (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, type Ia, formerly known as Jaeken syndrome), a severe multisystem autosomal recessive disorder ([OMIM: 212065](https://omim.org/entry/212065)), highlighting its indispensable role in human physiology [Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0597-88). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) underscores its central role in protein synthesis and secretion. **Overall**, the gene exhibits exceptionally high significance in cell types characterized by a high metabolic and secretory burden. The most prominent of these are [lung secretory cell](/details-cell/CL1000272) (CSI: 18.02) and [IgG plasma cell](/details-cell/CL0000985) (CSI: 16.92), where its activity is likely critical for the proper glycosylation of secreted mucins and antibodies, respectively. This pattern extends to other secretory cell populations, including [type B pancreatic cell](/details-cell/CL0000169)s, which produce insulin, and both [small intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000495)s and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031)s, responsible for mucus production. Beyond dedicated secretory cells, [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) is also significantly expressed in various immune cells like the [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) and [central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell](/details-cell/CL0000907), reflecting the importance of glycosylation for cell surface receptors and signaling molecules in the immune system. Its notable presence in [retinal blood vessel endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL0002585)s, [pulmonary alveolar type 1 cell](/details-cell/CL0002062)s, and [hepatic stellate cell](/details-cell/CL0000632)s suggests a widespread, fundamental housekeeping function essential for maintaining cellular and tissue integrity across diverse organ systems. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) exerts its biological effect through its defined [phosphomannomutase activity](/details-go/GO:0004615), a molecular function that requires [metal ion binding](/details-go/GO:0046872). The enzyme is a key component of the [cytosol](/details-go/GO:0005829) and is also found in the [neuronal cell body](/details-go/GO:0043025). Its primary biological process is the [Gdp-mannose biosynthetic process](/details-go/GO:0009298), which is the gateway for mannose to enter the pathway of [protein n-linked glycosylation](/details-go/GO:0006487). This is explicitly detailed in Reactome, where [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) is a central enzyme in the [Synthesis of gdp-mannose](/details-pathway/R-HSA-446205), a critical step in the [Biosynthesis of the n-glycan precursor](/details-pathway/R-HSA-446193). The clinical importance of this function is highlighted by its direct annotation in disease pathways, most notably [Defective pmm2 causes pmm2-cdg](/details-pathway/R-HSA-4043911), which falls under the broader categories of [Diseases of glycosylation](/details-pathway/R-HSA-3781865) and [Diseases of metabolism](/details-pathway/R-HSA-5668914). This direct link between its molecular function and a severe congenital disorder solidifies its status as an essential metabolic gene. ## Research Directions The widespread yet cell-type-specific high expression of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) suggests several avenues for further investigation, particularly concerning its role in cellular physiology and disease. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high CSI in [IgG plasma cell](/details-cell/CL0000985)s, the enzymatic activity of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) may be a rate-limiting factor for the production and functional glycosylation of antibodies. Suboptimal [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) activity could lead to altered antibody glycoforms, potentially impacting their stability, effector functions, and half-life. 2. The high significance of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) in mucosal barrier cells, such as [lung secretory cell](/details-cell/CL1000272)s and [small intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000495)s, suggests that its activity is critical for maintaining the integrity of mucosal surfaces through the proper glycosylation of mucins. Localized deficiencies or downregulation could compromise these barriers, increasing susceptibility to infections or inflammatory conditions. 3. The consistent expression in various T cell subsets, including [CD4-positive helper T cell](/details-cell/CL0000492) and memory T cells, indicates that [PMM2](/details-gene/5373)-mediated glycosylation is essential for T cell function. It is plausible that altering [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) levels could modulate T cell activation, differentiation, or survival by affecting the glycosylation status of key surface receptors like the T-cell receptor (TCR) or co-stimulatory molecules. **Key Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) activity is a critical determinant of antibody quality in [IgG plasma cell](/details-cell/CL0000985)s, one could employ a targeted genetic approach. Using CRISPR-Cas9 or shRNA to create a graded knockdown of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) in a human B-cell line, these cells could then be differentiated *in vitro* into antibody-secreting plasma cells. The quantity of secreted IgG could be measured by ELISA, while the N-glycan profiles of the purified antibodies would be analyzed in detail using high-resolution mass spectrometry. This experiment would directly test whether reduced [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) expression leads to hypoglycosylation or altered glycan structures on secreted immunoglobulins. **Therapeutic Potential:** The therapeutic relevance of [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) is primarily focused on addressing the loss-of-function defects that cause PMM2-CDG. Therefore, therapeutic strategies are aimed at **activation or restoration of function** rather than inhibition. Systemic inhibition of such a fundamental enzyme would likely be highly toxic. Potential therapeutic avenues include gene therapy to deliver a functional copy of the gene, the development of small-molecule chaperones to stabilize misfolded mutant PMM2 protein, or substrate supplementation with mannose, though the latter approach has shown limited clinical success. Due to its essential housekeeping role, [PMM2](/details-gene/5373) is not considered a viable target for inhibitory drugs.

Genular Protein ID: 2403980295

Symbol: PMM2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9140401

Title: Mutations in PMM2, a phosphomannomutase gene on chromosome 16p13, in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome (Jaeken syndrome).

PubMed ID: 9140401

DOI: 10.1038/ng0597-88

PubMed ID: 9425221

Title: Comparative analysis of the phosphomannomutase genes PMM1, PMM2 and PMM2psi: the sequence variation in the processed pseudogene is a reflection of the mutations found in the functional gene.

PubMed ID: 9425221

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.2.157

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16540464

Title: The X-ray crystal structures of human alpha-phosphomannomutase 1 reveal the structural basis of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a.

PubMed ID: 16540464

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601505200

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 17850744

Title: Ensemble refinement of protein crystal structures: validation and application.

PubMed ID: 17850744

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2007.06.019

PubMed ID: 10527672

Title: Phosphomannomutase deficiency: the molecular basis of the classical Jaeken syndrome (CDGS type Ia).

PubMed ID: 10527672

DOI: 10.1006/mgme.1999.2914

PubMed ID: 9497260

Title: Lack of homozygotes for the most frequent disease allele in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A.

PubMed ID: 9497260

DOI: 10.1086/301763

PubMed ID: 9781039

Title: Absence of homozygosity for predominant mutations in PMM2 in Danish patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1.

PubMed ID: 9781039

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200194

PubMed ID: 10066032

Title: Missense mutations in phosphomannomutase 2 gene in two Japanese families with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1.

PubMed ID: 10066032

DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.1999.550109.x

PubMed ID: 10602363

Title: Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A: expression and characterisation of wild type and mutant PMM2 in E. coli.

PubMed ID: 10602363

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200398

PubMed ID: 10571956

Title: Characterization of the 415G>A (E139K) PMM2 mutation in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia disrupting a splicing enhancer resulting in exon 5 skipping.

PubMed ID: 10571956

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-1004(199912)14:6<543::aid-humu17>3.0.co;2-s

PubMed ID: 11058895

Title: Mutations in PMM2 that cause congenital disorders of glycosylation, type Ia (CDG-Ia).

PubMed ID: 11058895

DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200011)16:5<386::aid-humu2>3.0.co;2-y

PubMed ID: 11058896

Title: PMM2 mutation spectrum, including 10 novel mutations, in a large CDG type 1A family material with a focus on Scandinavian families.

PubMed ID: 11058896

DOI: 10.1002/1098-1004(200011)16:5<395::aid-humu3>3.0.co;2-t

PubMed ID: 10801058

Title: Genotypes and phenotypes of patients in the UK with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1.

PubMed ID: 10801058

DOI: 10.1023/a:1005669900330

PubMed ID: 11350185

Title: Functional analysis of novel mutations in a congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia patient with mixed Asian ancestry.

PubMed ID: 11350185

DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3174

PubMed ID: 12357336

Title: DHPLC analysis as a platform for molecular diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG).

PubMed ID: 12357336

DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200858

PubMed ID: 15844218

Title: A new insight into PMM2 mutations in the French population.

PubMed ID: 15844218

DOI: 10.1002/humu.9336

PubMed ID: 17307006

Title: Characterization of two unusual truncating PMM2 mutations in two CDG-Ia patients.

PubMed ID: 17307006

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.01.003

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 246
  • Mass: 28082
  • Checksum: 29F1D5B9539B6221
  • Sequence:
  • MAAPGPALCL FDVDGTLTAP RQKITKEMDD FLQKLRQKIK IGVVGGSDFE KVQEQLGNDV 
    VEKYDYVFPE NGLVAYKDGK LLCRQNIQSH LGEALIQDLI NYCLSYIAKI KLPKKRGTFI 
    EFRNGMLNVS PIGRSCSQEE RIEFYELDKK ENIRQKFVAD LRKEFAGKGL TFSIGGQISF 
    DVFPDGWDKR YCLRHVENDG YKTIYFFGDK TMPGGNDHEI FTDPRTMGYS VTAPEDTRRI 
    CELLFS

Genular Protein ID: 3674974697

Symbol: Q59F02_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 165
  • Mass: 19248
  • Checksum: 5915C1643DE6FC1F
  • Sequence:
  • PLLFRISQDF RLFIYDVAQM NNVFLEKLCH PFIPRGTFIE FRNGMLNVSP IGRSCSQEER 
    IEFYELDKKE NIRQKFVADL RKEFAGKGLT FSIGGQISFD VFPDGWDKRY CLRHVANDGY 
    KTIYFFGDKT MPGGNDHEIF TDPRTMGYSV TAPEDTRRIC ELLFS