Details for: PSMA2

Gene ID: 5683

Symbol: PSMA2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106588

Description: proteasome 20S subunit alpha 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 186.0673
    Cell Significance Index: -76.6500
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 143.1360
    Cell Significance Index: -58.1500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 141.0439
    Cell Significance Index: -66.5900
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 127.8225
    Cell Significance Index: -65.7500
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 99.5347
    Cell Significance Index: -66.7900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 62.4671
    Cell Significance Index: -59.6400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 15.5103
    Cell Significance Index: -41.5500
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 13.5017
    Cell Significance Index: -41.4700
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 12.2842
    Cell Significance Index: 98.0800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 3.3096
    Cell Significance Index: 35.9800
  • Cell Name: theca cell (CL0000503)
    Fold Change: 3.2698
    Cell Significance Index: 19.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 3.2330
    Cell Significance Index: 351.6600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 3.1407
    Cell Significance Index: 65.7400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 3.0748
    Cell Significance Index: 46.7000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 2.9249
    Cell Significance Index: 101.6400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.3715
    Cell Significance Index: 291.6000
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 2.3500
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 2.3139
    Cell Significance Index: 66.3300
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 2.2307
    Cell Significance Index: 59.6700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 2.1181
    Cell Significance Index: 381.8200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.8476
    Cell Significance Index: 42.6900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 1.7200
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5400
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 1.6870
    Cell Significance Index: 87.8800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 1.6720
    Cell Significance Index: 118.2500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.6612
    Cell Significance Index: 123.8100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 1.5044
    Cell Significance Index: 192.8500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 1.4968
    Cell Significance Index: 661.7700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.4253
    Cell Significance Index: 184.1400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.3766
    Cell Significance Index: 64.7000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.3163
    Cell Significance Index: 180.7700
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 1.3046
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0987
    Cell Significance Index: 108.6900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.9459
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.8614
    Cell Significance Index: 140.1100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.7733
    Cell Significance Index: 422.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.7396
    Cell Significance Index: 20.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5051
    Cell Significance Index: 96.1200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.4564
    Cell Significance Index: 91.5600
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.4549
    Cell Significance Index: 28.6700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.4087
    Cell Significance Index: 69.7900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.3910
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3155
    Cell Significance Index: 14.7100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1597
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1223
    Cell Significance Index: 43.8700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.1053
    Cell Significance Index: 79.7400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0337
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0202
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5400
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -69.1300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -89.7100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0582
    Cell Significance Index: -89.6300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0583
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -89.5600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0993
    Cell Significance Index: -63.0900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1096
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.1098
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: -27.5100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1809
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1848
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8800
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1862
    Cell Significance Index: -84.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1896
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2063
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2068
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.2280
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.2678
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.3003
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.3017
    Cell Significance Index: -59.8800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.3312
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.3324
    Cell Significance Index: -37.9400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.3825
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.3980
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4600
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.3985
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3300
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.4820
    Cell Significance Index: -70.0700
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.5216
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.6014
    Cell Significance Index: -47.6300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.6542
    Cell Significance Index: -50.2000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.7524
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.7779
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.7895
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.9954
    Cell Significance Index: -66.9300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -1.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -1.1013
    Cell Significance Index: -67.5200
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -1.1791
    Cell Significance Index: -34.7300
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -1.2051
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -1.3789
    Cell Significance Index: -60.9900
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -1.5161
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4200
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -1.5458
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -1.5962
    Cell Significance Index: -39.9000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -1.6356
    Cell Significance Index: -30.2300
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -1.6436
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -1.6533
    Cell Significance Index: -57.9200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -1.6557
    Cell Significance Index: -60.7800
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -1.6579
    Cell Significance Index: -62.7800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -1.7126
    Cell Significance Index: -56.0700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -1.7621
    Cell Significance Index: -56.1200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -1.9060
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Proteasome subunit**: PSMA2 is a subunit of the 20S proteasome, a large protein complex responsible for degrading proteins. 2. **High expression in specific cell types**: PSMA2 is highly expressed in myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, monocytes, dendritic cells, and prostate epithelial cells. 3. **Regulation of protein turnover**: PSMA2 is involved in regulating protein turnover by degrading damaged or misfolded proteins. 4. **Modulation of signaling pathways**: PSMA2 modulates various signaling pathways, including those involved in immune responses, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Antigen processing and presentation**: PSMA2 is involved in the processing and presentation of antigens to the immune system, particularly in the context of MHC class I molecules. 2. **Cell cycle regulation**: PSMA2 regulates the cell cycle by degrading proteins involved in cell cycle progression. 3. **Apoptosis**: PSMA2 modulates apoptosis by regulating the degradation of pro-apoptotic proteins. 4. **Immune responses**: PSMA2 is involved in immune responses, including the activation of immune cells and the regulation of cytokine production. 5. **Signaling pathways**: PSMA2 modulates various signaling pathways, including those involved in inflammation, cell growth, and differentiation. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Cancer**: PSMA2 is overexpressed in several types of cancer, including prostate cancer, where it can serve as a diagnostic biomarker. 2. **Autoimmune diseases**: Alterations in PSMA2 expression have been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 3. **Infectious diseases**: PSMA2 plays a role in the regulation of immune responses to infections, such as HIV and tuberculosis. 4. **Neurological disorders**: PSMA2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, the PSMA2 gene is a critical component of the 20S proteasome, playing a vital role in regulating protein turnover, modulating signaling pathways, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying PSMA2's functions and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1638579935

Symbol: PSA2_HUMAN

Name: Proteasome subunit alpha type-2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2025653

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs for five major subunits of human proteasomes (multi-catalytic proteinase complexes).

PubMed ID: 2025653

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(91)90090-9

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7811265

Title: Human proteasome subunits from 2-dimensional gels identified by partial sequencing.

PubMed ID: 7811265

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2876

PubMed ID: 8610016

Title: A role for the proteasome regulator PA28alpha in antigen presentation.

PubMed ID: 8610016

DOI: 10.1038/381166a0

PubMed ID: 11521686

Title: Gene expression induced by BO-653, probucol and BHQ in human endothelial cells.

PubMed ID: 11521686

DOI: 10.5551/jat1994.7.223

PubMed ID: 12181345

Title: Clastosome: a subtype of nuclear body enriched in 19S and 20S proteasomes, ubiquitin, and protein substrates of proteasome.

PubMed ID: 12181345

DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0122

PubMed ID: 15244466

Title: 20S proteasome prevents aggregation of heat-denatured proteins without PA700 regulatory subcomplex like a molecular chaperone.

PubMed ID: 15244466

DOI: 10.1021/bm049957a

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 16548883

Title: Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of rhabdomyosarcoma cells reveal differential cellular gene expression in response to enterovirus 71 infection.

PubMed ID: 16548883

DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00644.x

PubMed ID: 17323924

Title: Mass spectrometric characterization of the affinity-purified human 26S proteasome complex.

PubMed ID: 17323924

DOI: 10.1021/bi061994u

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19690332

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 19690332

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23495936

Title: Molecular architecture and assembly of the eukaryotic proteasome.

PubMed ID: 23495936

DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060410-150257

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 27176742

Title: Human 20S proteasome activity towards fluorogenic peptides of various chain lengths.

PubMed ID: 27176742

DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0176

PubMed ID: 26133119

Title: Cryo-EM reveals the conformation of a substrate analogue in the human 20S proteasome core.

PubMed ID: 26133119

DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8573

PubMed ID: 25599644

Title: Crystal structure of the human 20S proteasome in complex with carfilzomib.

PubMed ID: 25599644

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.11.017

PubMed ID: 27428775

Title: An atomic structure of the human 26S proteasome.

PubMed ID: 27428775

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3273

PubMed ID: 27342858

Title: Structure of the human 26S proteasome at a resolution of 3.9 Aa.

PubMed ID: 27342858

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1608050113

PubMed ID: 27493187

Title: The inhibition mechanism of human 20S proteasomes enables next-generation inhibitor design.

PubMed ID: 27493187

DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8993

PubMed ID: 34711951

Title: AKIRIN2 controls the nuclear import of proteasomes in vertebrates.

PubMed ID: 34711951

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04035-8

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 234
  • Mass: 25899
  • Checksum: 63CB56A233583836
  • Sequence:
  • MAERGYSFSL TTFSPSGKLV QIEYALAAVA GGAPSVGIKA ANGVVLATEK KQKSILYDER 
    SVHKVEPITK HIGLVYSGMG PDYRVLVHRA RKLAQQYYLV YQEPIPTAQL VQRVASVMQE 
    YTQSGGVRPF GVSLLICGWN EGRPYLFQSD PSGAYFAWKA TAMGKNYVNG KTFLEKRYNE 
    DLELEDAIHT AILTLKESFE GQMTEDNIEV GICNEAGFRR LTPTEVKDYL AAIA

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.