Details for: SNCG

Gene ID: 6623

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: SNCG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173267

Description: synuclein gamma

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 28.72
    rCSI 27.64%
    PRS 88.94
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 24
    rCSI 32.7%
    PRS 84.11
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 19.59
    rCSI 29.86%
    PRS 87.19
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 13.35
    rCSI 18.25%
    PRS 93.31
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 12.54
    rCSI 36.29%
    PRS 89.48
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 12.33
    rCSI 27.25%
    PRS 79.98
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 10.82
    rCSI 14.73%
    PRS 94.6
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 8.49
    rCSI 20.23%
    PRS 84.61
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 7.62
    rCSI 12.17%
    PRS 92.55
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 7.57
    rCSI 9.71%
    PRS 86.93
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 7.45
    rCSI 7.78%
    PRS 89.25
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 7.35
    rCSI 9.14%
    PRS 75.37
  • endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel CL0002138
    CSI 7.02
    rCSI 13.91%
    PRS 91.9
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 6.78
    rCSI 9.39%
    PRS 87.2
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 6.51
    rCSI 10%
    PRS 79.06
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 6.45
    rCSI 9.45%
    PRS 92.43
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 6.26
    rCSI 12.99%
    PRS 88.75
  • neuroplacodal cell CL0000032
    CSI 5.52
    rCSI 51.07%
    PRS 88.02
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 5.41
    rCSI 9.54%
    PRS 92.96
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 4.38
    rCSI 3.46%
    PRS 83.44
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 4.29
    rCSI 8.04%
    PRS 82.11
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 4.23
    rCSI 9.65%
    PRS 83.91
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 4.04
    rCSI 9.82%
    PRS 75.36
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 4
    rCSI 9.23%
    PRS 81.33
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 5.96%
    PRS 89.65
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 3.78
    rCSI 5.05%
    PRS 87.79
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 3.72
    rCSI 15.17%
    PRS 83.34
  • nasal mucosa goblet cell CL0002480
    CSI 3.69
    rCSI 4.28%
    PRS 90.86
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 3.66
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 85.06
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 3.46
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 78.63
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 6.01%
    PRS 86.75
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 11.11%
    PRS 88.59
  • vein endothelial cell CL0002543
    CSI 3.04
    rCSI 8.29%
    PRS 93.2
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 20.41%
    PRS 93.45
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 2.95
    rCSI 11.24%
    PRS 83.88
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 6.29%
    PRS 92.62
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 10.27%
    PRS 75.5
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 2.77
    rCSI 6.58%
    PRS 87.75
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 2.76
    rCSI 5.22%
    PRS 95.36
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 2.72
    rCSI 4.86%
    PRS 94.06
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 6.85%
    PRS 92.85
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 3.21%
    PRS 89.17
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 91.95
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 6.69%
    PRS 94.04
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 14.3%
    PRS 79.83
  • glycinergic amacrine cell CL4030028
    CSI 2.33
    rCSI 6.07%
    PRS 84.66
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 6.24%
    PRS 92.41
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 85.4
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 2.96%
    PRS 93.57
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 2.95%
    PRS 85.92
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 2.35%
    PRS 77.62
  • smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591
    CSI 1.95
    rCSI 14.92%
    PRS 90.61
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 13.64%
    PRS 94.64
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 5.13%
    PRS 92.67
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 7.76%
    PRS 93.96
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 33.62%
    PRS 82.07
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 1.57
    rCSI 31.9%
    PRS 82.78
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.48
    rCSI 5.18%
    PRS 94.05
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 1.46
    rCSI 4.58%
    PRS 80.59
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 20.06%
    PRS 83.22
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 6.21%
    PRS 76.3
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.23
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 93.23
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 1.16
    rCSI 1.87%
    PRS 82.7
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 8.08%
    PRS 87.6
  • GABAergic amacrine cell CL4030027
    CSI 0.86
    rCSI 2.93%
    PRS 78.06
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.83
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 78.9
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 0.81
    rCSI 6.43%
    PRS 94.16
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 4.88%
    PRS 91.06
  • epithelial cell of urethra CL1000296
    CSI 0.49
    rCSI 12.37%
    PRS 92.98
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.36
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 82.11

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) (synuclein gamma) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 10q23.2 that encodes a member of the synuclein family of proteins, which are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Originally identified as a breast cancer-specific gene ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9044857/)), its function is primarily associated with neural processes, including [chemical synaptic transmission](/details-go/GO:0007268) and the [regulation of neurotransmitter secretion](/details-go/GO:0046928). Expression data reveals a highly specific landscape, with [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) showing significant expression in neuronal populations, such as [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) and various retinal cells, as well as in non-neuronal secretory cells, most notably [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006). This dual expression pattern suggests a broader role in cellular secretion and synaptic organization beyond its initially characterized pathological context. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) highlights its specialized roles in both the nervous system and secretory tissues. **Overall**, the gene demonstrates the highest significance in [fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL4030006) (CSI: 28.72), indicating a primary function in epithelial secretion in this context. Functionally, its expression pattern can be grouped into several key biological systems: * **Nervous System:** [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) is a prominent marker in the [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) (CSI: 24.00) and specialized cells of the retina, including [retina horizontal cell](/details-cell/CL0000745) (CSI: 19.59) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) (CSI: 12.33). Its presence in [neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata)](/details-cell/CL0000031) and [pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron](/details-cell/CL4023018) further underscores its integral role in neuronal development and function. * **Secretory and Epithelial Tissues:** Beyond its top marker status in fallopian tube cells, [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) is also significant in generalized [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) and [epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000066) populations, consistent with its involvement in protein transport. * **Vascular and Structural Tissues:** The gene is also notably expressed in cells associated with the vasculature and tissue structure, including [perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054), [microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0008035), and various endothelial cell types like [pulmonary artery endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001568). The absence of major hematopoietic and immune cell lineages from the top expressed list suggests that the primary physiological functions of [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) are largely constrained to neuronal, secretory, and mesenchymal cell types. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotations for [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) are highly consistent with its expression pattern, centering on synaptic function and protein dynamics. * **Biological Processes:** The gene is strongly linked to synaptic regulation, as shown by its annotation in [chemical synaptic transmission](/details-go/GO:0007268), [regulation of neurotransmitter secretion](/details-go/GO:0046928), and [synaptic vesicle endocytosis](/details-go/GO:0048488). These functions align perfectly with its high expression in neurons and localization to the [axon terminus](/details-go/GO:0043679). Additionally, its role in [protein secretion](/details-go/GO:0009306) provides a molecular basis for its high significance in secretory epithelial cells. Research indicates that synucleins can be substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases, suggesting a role in signal transduction pathways ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m003542200)). * **Molecular Function:** At the molecular level, [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) is known to participate in [protein binding](/details-go/GO:0005515), which is fundamental to its role in organizing synaptic machinery and secretory complexes. It is also annotated for [cuprous ion binding](/details-go/GO:1903136). * **Cellular Component:** [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) is primarily localized to the [cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), specifically in the [neuronal cell body](/details-go/GO:0043025) and [axon terminus](/details-go/GO:0043679). Its reported presence in the [centrosome](/details-go/GO:0005813), [spindle](/details-go/GO:0005819), and [extracellular exosome](/details-go/GO:0070062) suggests additional roles in cell division and intercellular communication. ## Research Directions While [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) has established roles in the nervous system, its historical identification as a breast cancer-specific gene (BCSG1) ([Link](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9044857/)) and its high expression in secretory epithelial cells present compelling avenues for future research, particularly in oncology. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Given its function in [protein secretion](/details-go/GO:0009306) and its original discovery context, aberrant overexpression of [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) in breast cancer cells may drive tumor progression by altering the secretome to promote cell migration, invasion, and modification of the tumor microenvironment. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** In the retina, [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) may be essential for the functional integrity of specific neural circuits. Its high expression in [retina horizontal cell](/details-cell/CL0000745) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) suggests that it modulates synaptic vesicle release required for lateral inhibition and visual signal transmission to the brain. **Proposed Experimental Approach (for Hypothesis 1):** To investigate the role of [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) in breast cancer progression, one could utilize a CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out the gene in a high-expressing breast cancer cell line (e.g., MDA-MB-231). The functional consequences could be assessed by comparing the knockout cells to wild-type controls. Key readouts would include: (i) quantitative proteomics (mass spectrometry) of the conditioned media to identify changes in the secretome; (ii) in vitro transwell migration and invasion assays to measure changes in metastatic potential; and (iii) in vivo tumor xenograft models to assess the impact on tumor growth and metastasis. **Therapeutic Potential:** The association of [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) with breast cancer suggests it could be a potential therapeutic target. However, its significant role in the peripheral and central nervous systems presents a major challenge for systemic therapies due to the risk of on-target, off-tumor toxicities. If [SNCG](/details-gene/6623) or its protein product is found to be enriched on the surface of or secreted by tumor cells, it could be a candidate for targeted therapies like antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which would minimize exposure to the nervous system. The therapeutic strategy would likely involve inhibition of its function to curb its pro-tumorigenic effects.

Genular Protein ID: 13687403

Symbol: SYUG_HUMAN

Name: Gamma-synuclein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O76070 O15104 Q96P61

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CPTAC 5 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 6 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 15 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9044857

Title: Identification of a breast cancer-specific gene, BCSG1, by direct differential cDNA sequencing.

PubMed ID: 9044857

PubMed ID: 9700196

Title: Organization, expression and polymorphism of the human persyn gene.

PubMed ID: 9700196

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/7.9.1417

PubMed ID: 9737786

Title: Identification, localization and characterization of the human gamma-synuclein gene.

PubMed ID: 9737786

DOI: 10.1007/s004390050792

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10852916

Title: Synucleins are a novel class of substrates for G protein-coupled receptor kinases.

PubMed ID: 10852916

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003542200

PubMed ID: 11746666

Title: Gamma synuclein: subcellular localization in neuronal and non-neuronal cells and effect on signal transduction.

PubMed ID: 11746666

DOI: 10.1002/cm.1035

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 127
  • Mass: 13331
  • Checksum: F183DEF302DBE688
  • Sequence:
    • MDVFKKGFSI AKEGVVGAVE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVMYV GAKTKENVVQ SVTSVAEKTK 
EQANAVSEAV VSSVNTVATK TVEEAENIAV TSGVVRKEDL RPSAPQQEGE ASKEKEEVAE 
EAQSGGD

Genular Protein ID: 2765255275

Symbol: F8W754_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

F8W754

Database IDs:

ARBA 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 1 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PeptideAtlas 2 Pfam 1 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 2 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SUPFAM 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 126
  • Mass: 13125
  • Checksum: 023E55773AF1696B
  • Sequence:
    • MDVFKKGFSI AKEGVVGAVE KTKQGVTEAA EKTKEGVMYV GAKTKENVVQ SVTSGLPWGW 
GWGGGQPVSS HSGREDQGAG QRRERGCGEQ RQHCGHQDRG GGGEHRGHLR GGAQGGLEAI 
CPPTGG