Details for: TK2

Gene ID: 7084

Symbol: TK2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000166548

Description: thymidine kinase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 418
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 3010
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 2956
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 366
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 260
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 16786
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 1587
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 2090
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 601
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 8600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71753
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47977
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 784
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 580.5
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 9166
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2403
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 486
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 441
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 56980
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2716
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5292
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 4975
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 18577.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 311
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 31031
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 1461
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 204
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 7696
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 3053
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1265
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 11642
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 587
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 305
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 7849
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 749.5
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 28419
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 4426
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 3069
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 377
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 5579
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 2969.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 2452.5
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 618
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 170
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 609
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 312
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 785
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 2682
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 194
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 675
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 313.5
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 1430
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 2546
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 261
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 12317
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 15635
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 341
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 816.5
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 754
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 292
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 681
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 378
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 6292
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 225
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 579
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 30565
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 429
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 139
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 1348
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 777
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 231
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 1277
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 444
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 341
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 496
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 574
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 2988
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 1807
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 471
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte (CL0000128)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 1153
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 1649
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 487
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 4191.5
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 525
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 1269
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 997
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 353
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 113
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 1193
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 309
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 4536

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic activity:** TK2 exhibits deoxycytidine kinase activity, which phosphorylates deoxycytidine to form deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP). This reaction is essential for the salvage of dCMP, a critical nucleotide for DNA synthesis and repair. 2. **Tissue distribution:** TK2 is widely expressed in various tissues, including the kidney, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and immune cells, such as mononuclear cells, innate lymphoid cells, and dendritic cells. 3. **Cellular localization:** TK2 is localized to the cytoplasm and mitochondria, where it plays a role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and nucleotide salvage. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Deoxycytidine salvage pathway:** TK2 is involved in the salvage of dCMP, which is essential for maintaining the balance of nucleotide pools within cells. 2. **DNA synthesis and repair:** TK2 phosphorylates dCMP to form dCTP, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair. 3. **Mitochondrial metabolism:** TK2 regulates mitochondrial metabolism by phosphorylating deoxynucleotides, which is essential for the production of ATP. 4. **Immune regulation:** TK2 is expressed in immune cells, where it plays a role in regulating immune responses, including the activation of innate lymphoid cells and the production of cytokines. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune-related disorders:** Abnormalities in TK2 expression or activity have been linked to various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. 2. **Cancer:** TK2 has been implicated in the development and progression of certain cancers, including leukemia and lymphoma, where it plays a role in the salvage of nucleotides and the regulation of cell cycle progression. 3. **Neurological disorders:** TK2 has been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where it plays a role in regulating mitochondrial metabolism and nucleotide salvage. In conclusion, TK2 is a critical enzyme involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism, particularly in the salvage of deoxyribonucleotides. Its expression in immune cells highlights its role in immune regulation, and its involvement in various diseases underscores its clinical significance. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of TK2 and its role in disease pathology.

Genular Protein ID: 905205786

Symbol: KITM_HUMAN

Name: Mt-TK

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9079672

Title: Cloning of the cDNA and chromosome localization of the gene for human thymidine kinase 2.

PubMed ID: 9079672

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.13.8454

PubMed ID: 9989599

Title: Human thymidine kinase 2: molecular cloning and characterisation of the enzyme activity with antiviral and cytostatic nucleoside substrates.

PubMed ID: 9989599

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(98)01711-6

PubMed ID: 20843780

Title: Identification of rare DNA variants in mitochondrial disorders with improved array-based sequencing.

PubMed ID: 20843780

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq750

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 11687801

Title: Mutant mitochondrial thymidine kinase in mitochondrial DNA depletion myopathy.

PubMed ID: 11687801

DOI: 10.1038/ng751

PubMed ID: 12391347

Title: Mitochondrial DNA depletion: mutations in thymidine kinase gene with myopathy and SMA.

PubMed ID: 12391347

DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000028689.93049.9a

PubMed ID: 15639197

Title: Molecular insight into mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome in two patients with novel mutations in the deoxyguanosine kinase and thymidine kinase 2 genes.

PubMed ID: 15639197

DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.09.005

PubMed ID: 15907288

Title: Novel mutations in the thymidine kinase 2 gene (TK2) associated with fatal mitochondrial myopathy and mitochondrial DNA depletion.

PubMed ID: 15907288

DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2005.03.010

PubMed ID: 21937588

Title: Thymidine kinase 2 mutations in autosomal recessive progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions.

PubMed ID: 21937588

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr438

PubMed ID: 25446393

Title: Clinical application of whole exome sequencing reveals a novel compound heterozygous TK2-mutation in two brothers with rapidly progressive combined muscle-brain atrophy, axonal neuropathy, and status epilepticus.

PubMed ID: 25446393

DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.10.007

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 265
  • Mass: 31005
  • Checksum: 1E9CB62D0321A992
  • Sequence:
  • MLLWPLRGWA ARALRCFGPG SRGSPASGPG PRRVQRRAWP PDKEQEKEKK SVICVEGNIA 
    SGKTTCLEFF SNATDVEVLT EPVSKWRNVR GHNPLGLMYH DASRWGLTLQ TYVQLTMLDR 
    HTRPQVSSVR LMERSIHSAR YIFVENLYRS GKMPEVDYVV LSEWFDWILR NMDVSVDLIV 
    YLRTNPETCY QRLKKRCREE EKVIPLEYLE AIHHLHEEWL IKGSLFPMAA PVLVIEADHH 
    MERMLELFEQ NRDRILTPEN RKHCP

Genular Protein ID: 1396808026

Symbol: B4E0Z4_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 289
  • Mass: 33314
  • Checksum: 307C890A52CE7158
  • Sequence:
  • MRPGLFKGQA PGSRRRPTAG LAVVRADSHK KEPRASGSAR PAMLLWPLRG WAARALRCFG 
    PGSRGSPASG PGPRRVQRRA WPPDKEQEKE KKSVICVEGN IASGKTTCLE FFSNATDVEG 
    LMYHDASRWG LTLQTYVQLT MLDRHTRPQV SSVRLMERSI HSARYIFVEN LYRSGKMPEV 
    DYVVLSEWFD WILRNMDVSV DLIVYLRTNP ETCYQRLKKR CREEEKVIPL EYLEAIHHLH 
    EEWLIKGSLF PMAAPVLVVE ADHHMERMLE LFEQNRDRIL TPENRKHCP

Genular Protein ID: 3391390958

Symbol: A5PLM0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 216
  • Mass: 25526
  • Checksum: 513CA9DF067EB1C9
  • Sequence:
  • MTSICVEGNI ASGKTTCLEF FSNATDVEVL TEPVSKWRNV RGHNPLGLMY HDASRWGLTL 
    QTYVQLTMLD RHTRPQVSSV RLMERSIHSA RYIFVENLYR SGKMPEVDYV VLSEWFDWIL 
    RNMDVSVDLI VYLRTNHETC YQRLKKRCRE EEKVIPLEYL EAIHHLHEEW LIKGSLFPMA 
    APVLVIEADH HMERMLELFE QNRDRILTPE NRKHCP

Genular Protein ID: 2384207607

Symbol: Q8IZR3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 307
  • Mass: 35440
  • Checksum: 954CB880E7D933A2
  • Sequence:
  • MRPGLFKGQA PGSRRRPTAG LAVVRADSHR KEPRASGSAR PAMLLWPLRG WAARALRCFG 
    PGSRGSPASG PGPRRVQRRA WPPDKEQEKE KKSVICVEGN IASGKTTCLE FFSNATDVEV 
    LTEPVSKWRN VRGHNPLGLM YHDASRWGLT LQTYVQLTML DRHTRPQVSS VRLMERSIHS 
    ARYIFVENLY RSGKMPEVDY VVLSEWFDWI LRNMDVSVDL IVYLRTNPET CYQRLKKRCR 
    EEEKVIPLEY LEAIHHLHEE WLIKGSLFPM AAPVLVIEAD HHMERMLQLF EQNRDRILTP 
    ENRKHCP

Genular Protein ID: 2412546065

Symbol: J3QRP0_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 146
  • Mass: 16935
  • Checksum: 3A65ED766656EF3C
  • Sequence:
  • MGAFCQRPSS DKEQEKEKKS VICVEGNIAS GKTTCLEFFS NATDVEVLTE PVSKWRNVRG 
    HNPLGLMYHD ASRWGLTLQT YVQLTMLDRH TRPQVSSVRL MERSIHSARY IFVENLYRRN 
    TWKQFTISMR SGSSKAAFSP WQPLFW

Genular Protein ID: 2755553474

Symbol: A4IF54_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 229
  • Mass: 27052
  • Checksum: B317D47E85D25F1A
  • Sequence:
  • QRPSSDKEQE KEKKSVICVE GNIASGKTTC LEFFSNATDV EVLTEPVSKW RNVRGHNPLG 
    LMYHDASRWG LTLQTYVQLT MLDRHTRPQV SSVRLMERSI HSARYIFVEN LYRSGKMPEV 
    DYVVLSEWFD WILRNMDVSV DLIVYLRTNP ETCYQRLKKR CREEEKVIPL EYLEAIHHLH 
    EEWLIKGSLF PMAAPVLVIE ADHHMERMLE LFEQNRDRIL TPENRKHCP

Genular Protein ID: 2373835560

Symbol: B4DIW4_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 240
  • Mass: 28390
  • Checksum: BEE8E880C7C7911C
  • Sequence:
  • MLLWPLRGWA ARALRCFGPG SRGSPASGPG PRRVQRRAWP PDKEQEKEKK SVVLTEPVSK 
    WRNVRGHNLL GLMYHDASRW GLTLQTYVQL TMLDRHTRPQ VSSVRLMERS IHSARYIFVE 
    NLYRSGKMPE VDYVVLSEWF DWILRNMDVS VDLIVYLRTN PETCYQRLKK RCREEEKVIP 
    LEYLEAIHHL HEEWLIKGSL FPMAAPVLVI EADHHMERML ELFEQNRDRI LTPENRKHCP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.