Details for: TOX

Gene ID: 9760

Symbol: TOX

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198846

Description: thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box

Associated with

  • Cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0043373)
  • Cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0002362)
  • Cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0043375)
  • Cerebral cortex neuron differentiation
    (GO:0021895)
  • Chromatin dna binding
    (GO:0031490)
  • Chromatin organization
    (GO:0006325)
  • Leukocyte differentiation
    (GO:0002521)
  • Lymph node development
    (GO:0048535)
  • Natural killer cell differentiation
    (GO:0001779)
  • Nk t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0002364)
  • Nucleus
    (GO:0005634)
  • Peyer's patch development
    (GO:0048541)
  • Positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
    (GO:0032825)
  • Positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
    (GO:2000179)
  • Positive regulation of neuron projection development
    (GO:0010976)
  • Positive regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0045944)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of positive thymic t cell selection
    (GO:1902232)
  • Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0006357)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 222.7005
    Cell Significance Index: -34.6400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 126.8316
    Cell Significance Index: -32.1700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 71.8669
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 70.8911
    Cell Significance Index: -28.8000
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 50.5796
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 30.2752
    Cell Significance Index: -28.9100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 28.0789
    Cell Significance Index: -34.6200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 11.6288
    Cell Significance Index: 652.5500
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 10.8554
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 8.4195
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 6.3531
    Cell Significance Index: 64.0900
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: 3.1555
    Cell Significance Index: 32.8700
  • Cell Name: chandelier cell (CL4023083)
    Fold Change: 2.2070
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8200
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 2.1557
    Cell Significance Index: 51.7000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.7528
    Cell Significance Index: 173.3900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 1.7395
    Cell Significance Index: 106.9200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.6549
    Cell Significance Index: 269.1600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.5410
    Cell Significance Index: 309.1200
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.4917
    Cell Significance Index: 1346.9400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.1808
    Cell Significance Index: 70.8900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.1691
    Cell Significance Index: 137.8800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 1.1621
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.1400
    Cell Significance Index: 124.0000
  • Cell Name: hepatic pit cell (CL2000054)
    Fold Change: 0.8175
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1900
  • Cell Name: L6 corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023042)
    Fold Change: 0.7468
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5871
    Cell Significance Index: 16.9200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.5476
    Cell Significance Index: 378.7200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.4168
    Cell Significance Index: 566.7200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2952
    Cell Significance Index: 20.4200
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.2394
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1400
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.2203
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2198
    Cell Significance Index: 41.8300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: 305.7900
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: 0.1452
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1064
    Cell Significance Index: 38.1500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0500
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 0.0890
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0704
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: 67.9100
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.0433
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: 16.0200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -30.8900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: -27.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -28.1500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0565
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2200
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.0691
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0709
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0958
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0975
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.1281
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1353
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1503
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1589
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2800
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1727
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1859
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2020
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2044
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2000
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.2115
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.2128
    Cell Significance Index: -26.1600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2375
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2470
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2530
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2543
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8500
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2685
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8600
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.2723
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.2754
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.2943
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2978
    Cell Significance Index: -33.9900
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3018
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.3065
    Cell Significance Index: -35.1200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.3092
    Cell Significance Index: -31.5900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3268
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7000
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.3512
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3300
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.3950
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3977
    Cell Significance Index: -31.5000
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.4099
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3600
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023043)
    Fold Change: -0.4246
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2900
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4266
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.4409
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4467
    Cell Significance Index: -27.3900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.4511
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3300
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.4839
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.4862
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.5019
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.5020
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.5092
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.5243
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.5379
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **High mobility group box (HMGB) domain**: TOX contains a HMGB domain, which is a characteristic feature of high mobility group (HMG) proteins, known for their ability to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. 2. **Transcriptional regulation**: TOX is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in T cell development, differentiation, and function. 3. **Chromatin organization and DNA demethylation**: TOX regulates chromatin organization and DNA demethylation, which are essential processes for the proper expression of genes during cell development. 4. **Cell-type specificity**: TOX is expressed in various cell types, including thymocytes, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and neurons in the cerebral cortex, highlighting its cell-type specificity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Cd4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment**: TOX regulates the expression of genes involved in the early stages of T cell development, including the commitment of thymocytes to the Cd4+ alpha-beta T cell lineage. 2. **Cd4-positive, Cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment**: TOX also regulates the expression of genes involved in the development of regulatory T cells, which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance. 3. **Cd8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment**: TOX plays a role in the development of Cd8+ alpha-beta T cells, which are involved in cell-mediated immunity. 4. **Cerebral cortex neuron differentiation**: TOX is expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, where it regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal development and function. 5. **Chromatin DNA binding**: TOX regulates chromatin organization and DNA demethylation, which are essential processes for the proper expression of genes during cell development. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune system disorders**: Abnormalities in TOX expression have been implicated in various immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. 2. **Cancer**: TOX expression has been linked to the development and progression of certain types of cancer, including T cell lymphomas and leukemia. 3. **Neurological disorders**: TOX expression has been implicated in the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Therapeutic applications**: Understanding the role of TOX in T cell development and function has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune system disorders and cancer. In conclusion, the TOX gene plays a critical role in the development and selection of thymocytes, which are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. Further research on TOX's role in immune cell development and function has significant implications for the treatment of immune system disorders and cancer.

Genular Protein ID: 3843629077

Symbol: TOX_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O94900 Q96AV5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 1 GO 18 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9872452

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 9872452

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/5.5.277

PubMed ID: 12168954

Title: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones.

PubMed ID: 12168954

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/9.3.99

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21248752

Title: Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 21248752

DOI: 10.1038/nature09639

PubMed ID: 21126536

Title: TOX regulates the differentiation of human natural killer cells from hematopoietic stem cells in vitro.

PubMed ID: 21126536

DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.11.008

PubMed ID: 31207604

Title: TOX is a critical regulator of tumour-specific T cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 31207604

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1324-y

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 526
  • Mass: 57513
  • Checksum: 5AE4C5B07F2EB8FF
  • Sequence:
    • MDVRFYPPPA QPAAAPDAPC LGPSPCLDPY YCNKFDGENM YMSMTEPSQD YVPASQSYPG 
PSLESEDFNI PPITPPSLPD HSLVHLNEVE SGYHSLCHPM NHNGLLPFHP QNMDLPEITV 
SNMLGQDGTL LSNSISVMPD IRNPEGTQYS SHPQMAAMRP RGQPADIRQQ PGMMPHGQLT 
TINQSQLSAQ LGLNMGGSNV PHNSPSPPGS KSATPSPSSS VHEDEGDDTS KINGGEKRPA 
SDMGKKPKTP KKKKKKDPNE PQKPVSAYAL FFRDTQAAIK GQNPNATFGE VSKIVASMWD 
GLGEEQKQVY KKKTEAAKKE YLKQLAAYRA SLVSKSYSEP VDVKTSQPPQ LINSKPSVFH 
GPSQAHSALY LSSHYHQQPG MNPHLTAMHP SLPRNIAPKP NNQMPVTVSI ANMAVSPPPP 
LQISPPLHQH LNMQQHQPLT MQQPLGNQLP MQVQSALHSP TMQQGFTLQP DYQTIINPTS 
TAAQVVTQAM EYVRSGCRNP PPQPVDWNND YCSSGGMQRD KALYLT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.