Details for: TOX

Gene ID: 9760

Symbol: TOX

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000198846

Description: thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box

Associated with

  • Cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0043373)
  • Cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0002362)
  • Cd8-positive, alpha-beta t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0043375)
  • Cerebral cortex neuron differentiation
    (GO:0021895)
  • Chromatin dna binding
    (GO:0031490)
  • Chromatin organization
    (GO:0006325)
  • Leukocyte differentiation
    (GO:0002521)
  • Lymph node development
    (GO:0048535)
  • Natural killer cell differentiation
    (GO:0001779)
  • Nk t cell lineage commitment
    (GO:0002364)
  • Nucleus
    (GO:0005634)
  • Peyer's patch development
    (GO:0048541)
  • Positive regulation of dna demethylation
    (GO:1901537)
  • Positive regulation of natural killer cell differentiation
    (GO:0032825)
  • Positive regulation of neural precursor cell proliferation
    (GO:2000179)
  • Positive regulation of neuron projection development
    (GO:0010976)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of positive thymic t cell selection
    (GO:1902232)
  • Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0006357)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Scores and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: chromaffin cell (CL0000166)
    Fold Change: 4.84
    Marker Score: 6,816
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 3.51
    Marker Score: 2,639
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 3.14
    Marker Score: 2,421
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 3.09
    Marker Score: 3,233
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 2.79
    Marker Score: 59,440
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Marker Score: 10,660
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: 2.56
    Marker Score: 1,325
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 2.53
    Marker Score: 1,478
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Marker Score: 952
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000123)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 11,988
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Marker Score: 16,735
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 2.19
    Marker Score: 20,578
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract (CL0002632)
    Fold Change: 2.05
    Marker Score: 8,557
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 124,353
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 1.97
    Marker Score: 29,434
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 823
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 2,316
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 2,623
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 1,205
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.77
    Marker Score: 16,802
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 1,980
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 2,517
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 1,345
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 1,894
  • Cell Name: cardiac neuron (CL0010022)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 1,842
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 168,100
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Marker Score: 2,744
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 23,199
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 754
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 862
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 4,223
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 46,940
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell precursor (CL0002362)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 762
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 5,915
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 349
  • Cell Name: brainstem motor neuron (CL2000047)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 735
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 415
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 744
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 986
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 2,777
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 438
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 586
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 23,016
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 4,725
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 17,651
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 434
  • Cell Name: ganglion interneuron (CL0000397)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 6,982
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 522
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 600
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 1,108
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 332
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71,741
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47,966
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 1,400
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 4,001
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30,402
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 9,527
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 490
  • Cell Name: innate lymphoid cell (CL0001065)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 341
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2,408
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 445
  • Cell Name: migratory enteric neural crest cell (CL0002607)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 881
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 5,453
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 576
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2,734
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 445
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 5,183
  • Cell Name: NKp44-negative group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001080)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 195
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 995
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 2,486
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 317
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5,261
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 856
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 31,197
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 921
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 260
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 358
  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 4,447
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 1,213
  • Cell Name: pyramidal neuron (CL0000598)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 1,382
  • Cell Name: motor neuron (CL0000100)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 3,119
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 204
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell (CL0000164)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 414
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha alpha positive, gamma-delta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000802)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 258
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 602
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 8,127
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 1,494
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 3,285
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1,269
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 661
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 305
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 196
  • Cell Name: intraepithelial lymphocyte (CL0002496)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 833
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 232
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 165

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Marker Score to the Marker Score Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Marker Score: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **High mobility group box (HMGB) domain**: TOX contains a HMGB domain, which is a characteristic feature of high mobility group (HMG) proteins, known for their ability to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression. 2. **Transcriptional regulation**: TOX is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes involved in T cell development, differentiation, and function. 3. **Chromatin organization and DNA demethylation**: TOX regulates chromatin organization and DNA demethylation, which are essential processes for the proper expression of genes during cell development. 4. **Cell-type specificity**: TOX is expressed in various cell types, including thymocytes, regulatory T cells, natural killer cells, and neurons in the cerebral cortex, highlighting its cell-type specificity. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Cd4-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment**: TOX regulates the expression of genes involved in the early stages of T cell development, including the commitment of thymocytes to the Cd4+ alpha-beta T cell lineage. 2. **Cd4-positive, Cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell lineage commitment**: TOX also regulates the expression of genes involved in the development of regulatory T cells, which are essential for maintaining immune tolerance. 3. **Cd8-positive, alpha-beta T cell lineage commitment**: TOX plays a role in the development of Cd8+ alpha-beta T cells, which are involved in cell-mediated immunity. 4. **Cerebral cortex neuron differentiation**: TOX is expressed in neurons of the cerebral cortex, where it regulates the expression of genes involved in neuronal development and function. 5. **Chromatin DNA binding**: TOX regulates chromatin organization and DNA demethylation, which are essential processes for the proper expression of genes during cell development. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Immune system disorders**: Abnormalities in TOX expression have been implicated in various immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. 2. **Cancer**: TOX expression has been linked to the development and progression of certain types of cancer, including T cell lymphomas and leukemia. 3. **Neurological disorders**: TOX expression has been implicated in the development of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Therapeutic applications**: Understanding the role of TOX in T cell development and function has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immune system disorders and cancer. In conclusion, the TOX gene plays a critical role in the development and selection of thymocytes, which are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. Further research on TOX's role in immune cell development and function has significant implications for the treatment of immune system disorders and cancer.

Genular Protein ID: 3843629077

Symbol: TOX_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O94900 Q96AV5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 GO 18 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 2 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9872452

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 9872452

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/5.5.277

PubMed ID: 12168954

Title: Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones.

PubMed ID: 12168954

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/9.3.99

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21248752

Title: Exome sequencing identifies frequent mutation of the SWI/SNF complex gene PBRM1 in renal carcinoma.

PubMed ID: 21248752

DOI: 10.1038/nature09639

PubMed ID: 21126536

Title: TOX regulates the differentiation of human natural killer cells from hematopoietic stem cells in vitro.

PubMed ID: 21126536

DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2010.11.008

PubMed ID: 31207604

Title: TOX is a critical regulator of tumour-specific T cell differentiation.

PubMed ID: 31207604

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1324-y

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 526
  • Mass: 57513
  • Checksum: 5AE4C5B07F2EB8FF
  • Sequence:
    • MDVRFYPPPA QPAAAPDAPC LGPSPCLDPY YCNKFDGENM YMSMTEPSQD YVPASQSYPG 
PSLESEDFNI PPITPPSLPD HSLVHLNEVE SGYHSLCHPM NHNGLLPFHP QNMDLPEITV 
SNMLGQDGTL LSNSISVMPD IRNPEGTQYS SHPQMAAMRP RGQPADIRQQ PGMMPHGQLT 
TINQSQLSAQ LGLNMGGSNV PHNSPSPPGS KSATPSPSSS VHEDEGDDTS KINGGEKRPA 
SDMGKKPKTP KKKKKKDPNE PQKPVSAYAL FFRDTQAAIK GQNPNATFGE VSKIVASMWD 
GLGEEQKQVY KKKTEAAKKE YLKQLAAYRA SLVSKSYSEP VDVKTSQPPQ LINSKPSVFH 
GPSQAHSALY LSSHYHQQPG MNPHLTAMHP SLPRNIAPKP NNQMPVTVSI ANMAVSPPPP 
LQISPPLHQH LNMQQHQPLT MQQPLGNQLP MQVQSALHSP TMQQGFTLQP DYQTIINPTS 
TAAQVVTQAM EYVRSGCRNP PPQPVDWNND YCSSGGMQRD KALYLT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.