Details for: ENO2

Gene ID: 2026

Symbol: ENO2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111674

Description: enolase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 217.2359
    Cell Significance Index: -33.7900
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 134.1056
    Cell Significance Index: -34.0200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 79.7674
    Cell Significance Index: -37.6600
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 68.6265
    Cell Significance Index: -27.8800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 29.2854
    Cell Significance Index: -27.9600
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 28.2005
    Cell Significance Index: -34.7700
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 12.9841
    Cell Significance Index: -39.8800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.9066
    Cell Significance Index: -34.5800
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 10.1870
    Cell Significance Index: 78.5200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 9.8579
    Cell Significance Index: 621.3100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 8.8544
    Cell Significance Index: -34.9400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 6.2679
    Cell Significance Index: 329.0900
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 4.0998
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 4.0900
    Cell Significance Index: 70.0900
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.5548
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 2.8952
    Cell Significance Index: 35.9100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.9497
    Cell Significance Index: 391.1100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 1.2359
    Cell Significance Index: 35.2700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.9782
    Cell Significance Index: 350.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 0.9698
    Cell Significance Index: 11.7600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.8169
    Cell Significance Index: 50.2100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.7026
    Cell Significance Index: 47.2400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.5958
    Cell Significance Index: 412.1000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.5489
    Cell Significance Index: 24.2800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.5152
    Cell Significance Index: 50.9600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.4843
    Cell Significance Index: 18.3400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4563
    Cell Significance Index: 412.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.4537
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.3214
    Cell Significance Index: 37.9000
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: 0.3089
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2671
    Cell Significance Index: 50.8400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2546
    Cell Significance Index: 41.4100
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2436
    Cell Significance Index: 133.0100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1711
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0400
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: 0.1259
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1209
    Cell Significance Index: 24.0000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1017
    Cell Significance Index: 191.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.0762
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0627
    Cell Significance Index: 96.6000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0495
    Cell Significance Index: 91.2100
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: 42.2100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: -0.0280
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0302
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0424
    Cell Significance Index: -31.1100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0641
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0666
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8000
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.0813
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0826
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0914
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0975
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.1023
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1142
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1211
    Cell Significance Index: -34.8500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1242
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.1315
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1348
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4500
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1607
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8500
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1630
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1702
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5500
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.1795
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1842
    Cell Significance Index: -25.3000
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.2012
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2061
    Cell Significance Index: -26.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.2081
    Cell Significance Index: -25.5900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: -0.2224
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3500
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2387
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6500
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.2430
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2503
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.2575
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2668
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8600
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.2813
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2826
    Cell Significance Index: -32.2600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3328
    Cell Significance Index: -24.8000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.3741
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5800
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.3929
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.4024
    Cell Significance Index: -31.8700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4069
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.4210
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4600
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.4226
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.4335
    Cell Significance Index: -33.2700
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.4393
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.4524
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.4918
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.5137
    Cell Significance Index: -36.3300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.5216
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.5609
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9500
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.6172
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2300
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.6306
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** ENO2 is a tetrameric enzyme composed of four subunits, each consisting of two alpha and two beta subunits. The enzyme is highly specific for magnesium ions, which are essential for its catalytic activity. ENO2 is widely expressed in various tissues, including the brain, retina, and peripheral nervous system, where it is predominantly found on the plasma membrane. The enzyme's expression is also elevated in certain cancer types, such as glioblastoma and colorectal cancer. **Pathways and Functions:** ENO2 is an integral component of the glycolytic pathway, which is the primary source of energy for cells. The enzyme's primary function is to catalyze the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate, a step that is essential for the production of ATP. Beyond its metabolic functions, ENO2 has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of neuroinflammation and cancer. The enzyme's expression is elevated in response to inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and is involved in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. ENO2 has also been shown to interact with various signaling molecules, including protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase B (Akt), which are involved in the regulation of immune cell function. In addition, the enzyme has been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, with elevated expression levels observed in certain cancer types. **Clinical Significance:** ENO2 has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. The enzyme's expression is elevated in response to inflammatory stimuli, and its dysregulation has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In cancer, ENO2 has been shown to play a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and survival, with elevated expression levels observed in certain tumor types. The enzyme's expression is also elevated in response to hypoxia, a condition that is commonly observed in solid tumors. Furthermore, ENO2 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various immune-related disorders. The enzyme's inhibition has been shown to reduce inflammation and cell proliferation, making it a promising candidate for the development of novel immunotherapies. In conclusion, ENO2 is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and immune function. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including neuroinflammatory diseases and cancer. Further research is necessary to fully elucidate the mechanisms by which ENO2 regulates immune responses and to identify its potential as a therapeutic target for the treatment of immune-related disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 4290514645

Symbol: ENOG_HUMAN

Name: Gamma-enolase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P09104 B7Z2X9 Q96J33

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 11 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 2 EMBL 9 Ensembl 4 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 13 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HAMAP 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OGP 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 16 PDBsum 16 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRIDE 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SFLD 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3208766

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of the neurone-specific gamma isozyme of enolase (NSE) from human brain and comparison with the non-neuronal alpha form (NNE).

PubMed ID: 3208766

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb14465.x

PubMed ID: 3385803

Title: Human gamma enolase: isolation of a cDNA clone and expression in normal and tumor tissues of human origin.

PubMed ID: 3385803

DOI: 10.1002/jnr.490190409

PubMed ID: 2792767

Title: Cloning, expression and sequence homologies of cDNA for human gamma enolase.

PubMed ID: 2792767

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(89)90217-5

PubMed ID: 2045099

Title: Complete structure of the human gene encoding neuron-specific enolase.

PubMed ID: 2045099

DOI: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90496-2

PubMed ID: 9074930

Title: Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination.

PubMed ID: 9074930

DOI: 10.1101/gr.7.3.268

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3653393

Title: Sequence conservation in the 3'-untranslated regions of neurone-specific enolase, lymphokine and protooncogene mRNAs.

PubMed ID: 3653393

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80207-7

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 29775581

Title: p300-mediated lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation regulates glycolysis.

PubMed ID: 29775581

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.04.011

PubMed ID: 36459650

Title: Human cytomegalovirus induces neuronal enolase to support virally mediated metabolic remodeling.

PubMed ID: 36459650

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205789119

PubMed ID: 15289101

Title: Expression, purification and the 1.8 angstroms resolution crystal structure of human neuron specific enolase.

PubMed ID: 15289101

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.05.068

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 434
  • Mass: 47269
  • Checksum: 6163DE81F5C67744
  • Sequence:
    • MSIEKIWARE ILDSRGNPTV EVDLYTAKGL FRAAVPSGAS TGIYEALELR DGDKQRYLGK 
GVLKAVDHIN STIAPALISS GLSVVEQEKL DNLMLELDGT ENKSKFGANA ILGVSLAVCK 
AGAAERELPL YRHIAQLAGN SDLILPVPAF NVINGGSHAG NKLAMQEFMI LPVGAESFRD 
AMRLGAEVYH TLKGVIKDKY GKDATNVGDE GGFAPNILEN SEALELVKEA IDKAGYTEKI 
VIGMDVAASE FYRDGKYDLD FKSPTDPSRY ITGDQLGALY QDFVRDYPVV SIEDPFDQDD 
WAAWSKFTAN VGIQIVGDDL TVTNPKRIER AVEEKACNCL LLKVNQIGSV TEAIQACKLA 
QENGWGVMVS HRSGETEDTF IADLVVGLCT GQIKTGAPCR SERLAKYNQL MRIEEELGDE 
ARFAGHNFRN PSVL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.