Details for: KDSR

Gene ID: 2531

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: KDSR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000119537

Description: 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 15.9
    rCSI 38.22%
    PRS 54.16
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 14.92
    rCSI 22.78%
    PRS 44.67
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 14.32
    rCSI 15.34%
    PRS 42.02
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 13.89
    rCSI 22.06%
    PRS 54.57
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 12.9
    rCSI 18.25%
    PRS 52.85
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 21.31%
    PRS 29.61
  • CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell CL0002399
    CSI 8.25
    rCSI 9.97%
    PRS 51.66
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 7.48
    rCSI 10.24%
    PRS 40.54
  • mature alpha-beta T cell CL0000791
    CSI 6.51
    rCSI 23.56%
    PRS 63.05
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 6.21
    rCSI 17.76%
    PRS 60.92
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 6.15
    rCSI 5.15%
    PRS 48.97
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 5.63
    rCSI 6.75%
    PRS 42.16
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 5.51
    rCSI 8.93%
    PRS 42.56
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 5.51
    rCSI 3.66%
    PRS 47.79
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 5.44
    rCSI 10.28%
    PRS 67.07
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 5.43
    rCSI 9.76%
    PRS 37.68
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 4.82
    rCSI 11.43%
    PRS 49.84
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 4.58
    rCSI 4.02%
    PRS 48.9
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 25.49%
    PRS 36.81
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 4.05
    rCSI 9.26%
    PRS 43.4
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 3.74
    rCSI 4.46%
    PRS 28.91
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 3.68
    rCSI 9.11%
    PRS 42.08
  • T-helper 17 cell CL0000899
    CSI 3.63
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 65.99
  • effector CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001044
    CSI 3.6
    rCSI 10.33%
    PRS 61.44
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 3.55
    rCSI 2.88%
    PRS 44.78
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 3.55
    rCSI 7.85%
    PRS 41.37
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 3.53
    rCSI 13.23%
    PRS 37.39
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 3.32%
    PRS 61.59
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 3.14
    rCSI 18.25%
    PRS 55.01
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 4.23%
    PRS 48.88
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 7.99%
    PRS 40.36
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 3.09
    rCSI 2.74%
    PRS 43.11
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 6.78%
    PRS 53.13
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 46.29
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 2.84
    rCSI 5.08%
    PRS 42.41
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte CL0000810
    CSI 2.78
    rCSI 2.23%
    PRS 65.39
  • enteroendocrine cell of colon CL0009042
    CSI 2.78
    rCSI 13.04%
    PRS 69.59
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.75
    rCSI 3.35%
    PRS 51.57
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 6.17%
    PRS 37.73
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 11.67%
    PRS 37.81
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 37.88
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 2.63
    rCSI 3.85%
    PRS 46.98
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 2.58
    rCSI 6.17%
    PRS 54.57
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 3.63%
    PRS 41.1
  • epithelial cell CL0000066
    CSI 2.55
    rCSI 3.91%
    PRS 46.25
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 7.74%
    PRS 32.34
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 2.47
    rCSI 5.62%
    PRS 42.7
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.46
    rCSI 2.27%
    PRS 44.95
  • granulocyte CL0000094
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 3.69%
    PRS 53
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.08%
    PRS 42.11
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.35
    rCSI 1.82%
    PRS 44.46
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 44.97
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 2.22
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 52.47
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 42.52
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.82%
    PRS 48.74
  • naive T cell CL0000898
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 1.51%
    PRS 56.67
  • CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000792
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 2.12%
    PRS 59.19
  • radial glial cell CL0000681
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 2.99%
    PRS 43.52
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 4.47%
    PRS 41.93
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 45.71
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 2.22%
    PRS 44.69
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 2.13
    rCSI 3.39%
    PRS 38.12
  • CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell CL0000897
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 1.52%
    PRS 56.77
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 3.65%
    PRS 35.09
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 53.59
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 4.97%
    PRS 61.83
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 49.24
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 4%
    PRS 34.3
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 40.8
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 43.83
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 48.99
  • CD4-positive helper T cell CL0000492
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.41%
    PRS 56.17
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.85%
    PRS 38.46
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 52.37
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 1.72%
    PRS 35.04
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 5.95%
    PRS 32.96
  • fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL0002548
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 8.47%
    PRS 42.49
  • enteroglial cell CL4040002
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 9.27%
    PRS 52.54
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 3.36%
    PRS 60.59
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 57.45
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 40.74
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 47.83
  • activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, human CL0001049
    CSI 1.71
    rCSI 2.93%
    PRS 64.8
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 3.99%
    PRS 46.31
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 1.54%
    PRS 64.07
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 33.58
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 2.04%
    PRS 40.05
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 2.35%
    PRS 57.47
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.47%
    PRS 61.15
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 61.66
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.58%
    PRS 47.73
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 44.61
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 1.57
    rCSI 0.92%
    PRS 58.87
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 3.97%
    PRS 40.08
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 1.56
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 48.02
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 1.42%
    PRS 51.35
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 3.39%
    PRS 58.53
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 2.52%
    PRS 49.51
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 3.08%
    PRS 27.18
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.52
    rCSI 2.54%
    PRS 28.94
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 66.8%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 27.9%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 60.5%
  • respiratory goblet cell CL0002370
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 64.5%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 64.3%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 35.1%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 67.8%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 29.9%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 46.5%
  • CD8-positive, CD28-negative, alpha-beta regulatory T cell CL0000920
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 61.8%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 30.1%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 30.3%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 32.9%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 46.1%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 35.7%
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 11.9%
    PRS 77.7%
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 52.8%
  • amacrine cell CL0000561
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.8%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 37.7%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 46.0%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 42.8%
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 59.5%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 31.0%
  • skeletal muscle satellite stem cell CL0008011
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 67.1%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 28.1%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 34.2%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 55.1%
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 4.1%
    PRS 65.7%
  • luminal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002340
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 59.3%
  • lung endothelial cell CL1001567
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 69.0%
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 46.6%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 52.9%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 34.5%
  • lung macrophage CL1001603
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 50.5%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 42.0%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 44.6%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 37.4%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 35.0%
  • OFF-bipolar cell CL0000750
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 53.9%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 29.8%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 41.0%
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 5.6%
    PRS 55.7%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 48.7%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 42.5%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 59.8%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 43.6%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 43.6%
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 61.7%
  • T-helper 1 cell CL0000545
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 70.5%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 36.2%
  • BEST4+ enteroycte CL4030026
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 46.7%
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 59.4%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 27.5%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 46.0%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 47.7%
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 38.6%
  • natural T-regulatory cell CL0000903
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 77.7%
  • paneth cell CL0000510
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 61.5%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.1%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 46.6%
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 50.4%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 36.6%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 47.4%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 46.8%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 45.0%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 49.8%
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 49.0%
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 45.0%
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 9.4%
    PRS 62.2%
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 14.9%
    PRS 60.3%
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 52.2%
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 54.1%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 41.4%
  • Schwann cell CL0002573
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 44.1%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 33.9%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 40.2%
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 51.5%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 32.3%
  • luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002326
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 60.3%
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 45.6%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 59.5%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 28.0%
  • glandular epithelial cell CL0000150
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 66.6%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 28.9%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 27.2%
  • alveolar macrophage CL0000583
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 49.5%
  • enteroendocrine cell of small intestine CL0009006
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 58.5%
  • elicited macrophage CL0000861
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 51.4%
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 48.0%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 40.1%
  • central memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000904
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 0.9%
    PRS 58.9%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 44.6%
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.7%
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 61.7%
  • Langerhans cell CL0000453
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 61.2%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 57.5%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 40.1%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 33.6%
  • activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000896
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 64.1%
  • renal beta-intercalated cell CL0002201
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 46.3%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [KDSR](/details-gene/2531), or 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 18q21.33. It encodes a critical enzyme that catalyzes a key reduction step in the *de novo* biosynthesis of sphingolipids, a class of lipids essential for cell membrane structure, signaling, and barrier function. Functionally, it is an NADPH-dependent reductase localized to the membrane of the [endoplasmic reticulum](/details-go/GO:0005783), with its active site facing the cytosol ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m405915200)). Reflecting its role in lipid synthesis for barrier formation, [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) shows high significance in various epithelial and secretory cells, including [keratocytes](/details-cell/CL0002363), [conjunctival epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL1000432), and [keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL0000312). Clinically, loss-of-function mutations in [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) are associated with autosomal recessive keratinization disorders, such as progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma ([136440](https://omim.org/entry/136440)), often accompanied by thrombocytopenia ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.003), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.028)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The **Overall** expression profile of [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) underscores its fundamental importance in cells responsible for creating and maintaining physiological barriers. Its highest significance scores are observed in cell types of the skin and eye, such as [keratocytes](/details-cell/CL0002363) (CSI: 15.90), [conjunctival epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL1000432) (CSI: 14.92), and [corneal epithelial cells](/details-cell/CL0000575) (CSI: 6.21). This is consistent with its role in synthesizing ceramides, which are integral to the epidermal water barrier. High significance is also noted in other secretory or specialized epithelial populations, including [ionocytes](/details-cell/CL0005006) (CSI: 14.32) and [mucus secreting cells](/details-cell/CL0000319) (CSI: 13.89), suggesting a broad requirement for robust sphingolipid metabolism in diverse tissues. Beyond its role in barrier tissues, [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) also demonstrates significant expression in select immune and neural cell populations. It is a notable gene in [helper T cells](/details-cell/CL0000912) (CSI: 12.90), [CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cells](/details-cell/CL0002399) (CSI: 8.25), and [hematopoietic stem cells](/details-cell/CL0000037) (CSI: 5.51), pointing towards a role in immune cell development, membrane integrity, or signaling. Furthermore, its expression in glial cells, including [astrocytes of the cerebral cortex](/details-cell/CL0002605) (CSI: 9.50) and [Bergmann glial cells](/details-cell/CL0000644) (CSI: 7.48), suggests that sphingolipid biosynthesis is also a key process in maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) functions as a reductase in the initial steps of sphingolipid production. Its primary molecular function is [3-dehydrosphinganine reductase activity](/details-go/GO:0047560), where it reduces 3-ketodihydrosphingosine to dihydrosphingosine (sphinganine), a direct precursor to ceramides. This enzymatic step requires [NADPH binding](/details-go/GO:0070402) as a cofactor. The gene is a central component of the [Sphingolipid de novo biosynthesis](/details-reactome/R-HSA-1660661) ([R-HSA-1660661](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-1660661)) pathway, which is an integral part of the larger [Metabolism of lipids](/details-reactome/R-HSA-556833) ([R-HSA-556833](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-556833)). Cellularly, the KDSR protein is localized to the [endoplasmic reticulum membrane](/details-go/GO:0005789), where these initial biosynthetic steps occur. Dysregulation of this pathway due to [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) mutations disrupts the production of ceramides and complex sphingolipids, leading to the pathological phenotypes observed in skin and hematopoietic systems ([Link](https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.204784)). Recent studies also suggest that [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) activity is crucial for maintaining ER homeostasis and managing the unfolded protein response, particularly under conditions of high metabolic stress, such as in leukemia ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-021-01378-z)). ## Research Directions The established link between [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) mutations and disorders of keratinization and hematopoiesis provides a strong foundation for further investigation into its cell-type-specific roles. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. *Given its high significance in both [keratinocytes](/details-cell/CL0000312) and various immune cells like [helper T cells](/details-cell/CL0000912), the severity of skin pathology in [KDSR](/details-gene/2531)-related erythrokeratoderma may be exacerbated by a secondary, cell-intrinsic defect in cutaneous immune cell function, leading to a dysregulated inflammatory response to the compromised skin barrier.* 2. *The requirement for [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) activity extends beyond proplatelet formation to other hematopoietic lineages; its deficiency in [hematopoietic stem cells](/details-cell/CL0000037) may impair the differentiation or function of other myeloid or lymphoid lineages, contributing to a more complex hematological phenotype than thrombocytopenia alone.* To test the first hypothesis regarding the interplay between epidermal and immune defects, a key experimental approach would be: * Generate a mouse model with a conditional knockout of [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) specifically in keratinocytes (using a Krt14-Cre driver) and another model with knockout in T cells (using a CD4-Cre driver). A third model with a constitutive knockout would serve as a positive control. By comparing the skin phenotype, immune cell infiltration (via histology and flow cytometry), and local cytokine profiles (via Luminex or single-cell RNA-seq) across these models, one could dissect the relative contributions of epidermal-intrinsic versus immune-intrinsic [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) function to the overall skin pathology. The therapeutic potential of targeting [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) is highly context-dependent. For congenital loss-of-function disorders like progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma, therapeutic strategies would involve **activation or restoration** of function, potentially through gene therapy or the development of pharmacological chaperones. In contrast, for certain cancers that exhibit a dependency on *de novo* sphingolipid biosynthesis for survival and proliferation ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111415)), targeted **inhibition** of [KDSR](/details-gene/2531) could represent a viable anti-neoplastic strategy by inducing the accumulation of toxic lipid precursors and promoting cell death.

Genular Protein ID: 3185948808

Symbol: KDSR_HUMAN

Name: 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8417785

Title: FVT-1, a novel human transcription unit affected by variant translocation t(2;18)(p11;q21) of follicular lymphoma.

PubMed ID: 8417785

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16177791

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18.

PubMed ID: 16177791

DOI: 10.1038/nature03983

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15328338

Title: FVT-1 is a mammalian 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase with an active site that faces the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

PubMed ID: 15328338

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m405915200

PubMed ID: 29799648

Title: The PERIOPTER syndrome (periorificial and ptychotropic erythrokeratoderma): a new Mendelian disorder of cornification.

PubMed ID: 29799648

DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15089

PubMed ID: 34373586

Title: 3-Ketodihydrosphingosine reductase maintains ER homeostasis and unfolded protein response in leukemia.

PubMed ID: 34373586

DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01378-z

PubMed ID: 28575652

Title: Mutations in KDSR cause recessive progressive symmetric erythrokeratoderma.

PubMed ID: 28575652

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.05.003

PubMed ID: 36170811

Title: De novo sphingolipid biosynthesis necessitates detoxification in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 36170811

DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111415

PubMed ID: 19141869

Title: Tsc10p and FVT1: topologically distinct short-chain reductases required for long-chain base synthesis in yeast and mammals.

PubMed ID: 19141869

DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800580-jlr200

PubMed ID: 28774589

Title: Biallelic Mutations in KDSR Disrupt Ceramide Synthesis and Result in a Spectrum of Keratinization Disorders Associated with Thrombocytopenia.

PubMed ID: 28774589

DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.06.028

PubMed ID: 30467204

Title: Sphingolipid dysregulation due to lack of functional KDSR impairs proplatelet formation causing thrombocytopenia.

PubMed ID: 30467204

DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.204784

PubMed ID: 31987885

Title: Palmoplantar Keratoderma with Leukokeratosis Anogenitalis Caused by KDSR Mutations.

PubMed ID: 31987885

DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.11.029

PubMed ID: 34277909

Title: Progressive symmetrical erythrokeratoderma manifesting as harlequin-like ichthyosis with severe thrombocytopenia secondary to a homozygous 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase mutation.

PubMed ID: 34277909

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.06.006

PubMed ID: 35958175

Title: Case report: Compound heterozygous mutations in the KDSR gene cause progressive keratodermia and thrombocytopenia.

PubMed ID: 35958175

DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.940618

PubMed ID: 34686882

Title: Formation of keto-type ceramides in palmoplantar keratoderma based on biallelic KDSR mutations in patients.

PubMed ID: 34686882

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab309

PubMed ID: 36546314

Title: Refractory thrombocytopenia and myelofibrosis in a novel KDSR mutation: Case report and literature review.

PubMed ID: 36546314

DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30157

PubMed ID: 36263748

Title: Variable skin findings in two siblings with KDSR mutations manifesting in PERIOPTER syndrome.

PubMed ID: 36263748

DOI: 10.1111/pde.15155

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 332
  • Mass: 36187
  • Checksum: CB4BA5D020858F0C
  • Sequence:
  • MLLLAAAFLV AFVLLLYMVS PLISPKPLAL PGAHVVVTGG SSGIGKCIAI ECYKQGAFIT 
    LVARNEDKLL QAKKEIEMHS INDKQVVLCI SVDVSQDYNQ VENVIKQAQE KLGPVDMLVN 
    CAGMAVSGKF EDLEVSTFER LMSINYLGSV YPSRAVITTM KERRVGRIVF VSSQAGQLGL 
    FGFTAYSASK FAIRGLAEAL QMEVKPYNVY ITVAYPPDTD TPGFAEENRT KPLETRLISE 
    TTSVCKPEQV AKQIVKDAIQ GNFNSSLGSD GYMLSALTCG MAPVTSITEG LQQVVTMGLF 
    RTIALFYLGS FDSIVRRCMM QREKSENADK TA