Details for: HCAR1

Gene ID: 27198

Symbol: HCAR1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000196917

Description: hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 6.0321
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 0.8807
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.6083
    Cell Significance Index: 31.6000
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.5497
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 0.3953
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell of tracheobronchial tree submucosal gland (CL4033037)
    Fold Change: 0.3250
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.2550
    Cell Significance Index: 73.3900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.2076
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2015
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4000
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.1832
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: 0.1817
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 0.1614
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.1588
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1478
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2200
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.0871
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1000
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0707
    Cell Significance Index: 12.7400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0585
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3600
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 0.0580
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0569
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2600
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.0357
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0336
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5800
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.0271
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2500
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: 0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7600
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9000
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: -0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8600
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: serous cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000330)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0159
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: obsolete animal cell (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: -0.0308
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite cell (CL0000594)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0331
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0336
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.0345
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0380
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0391
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0396
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: -0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: -0.0421
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0434
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0459
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4700
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** HCAR1 is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that exhibits high affinity for hydroxycarboxylic acids (HCAs), a class of naturally occurring compounds found in various foods and biological fluids. The receptor's structure and ligand-binding properties are distinct from those of other GPCRs, suggesting a unique mechanism of action. HCAR1 is expressed in multiple cell types, including retinal cells, immune cells, and neurons, indicating its broad functional repertoire. **Pathways and Functions:** HCAR1's signaling pathways are closely linked to those of other GPCRs, but its specific interactions with Gαi proteins and downstream signaling molecules are distinct. The receptor's activation by HCAs triggers a cascade of signaling events that modulate immune responses, lipid metabolism, and neuronal function. Some of the key pathways and functions associated with HCAR1 include: 1. **Immune regulation:** HCAR1's activation by HCAs modulates the immune response by influencing the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune-related genes. 2. **Lipid metabolism:** HCAR1's interaction with HCAs regulates lipid catabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and cholesterol. 3. **Neurotransmission:** HCAR1's expression in retinal cells and neurons suggests a role in regulating neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. 4. **GABAergic signaling:** HCAR1's interaction with GABAergic interneurons in the cerebral cortex suggests a role in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission. **Clinical Significance:** The discovery of HCAR1 has significant implications for our understanding of various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders:** HCAR1's role in regulating immune responses makes it a potential target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 2. **Neurological disorders:** HCAR1's involvement in lipid metabolism and neurotransmission suggests a potential link to neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Cancer:** HCAR1's expression in immune cells and neurons raises the possibility of its involvement in cancer development and progression. 4. **Nutritional disorders:** HCAR1's interaction with HCAs suggests a potential role in regulating metabolic disorders, such as obesity and metabolic syndrome. In conclusion, HCAR1 is a novel receptor that has opened up new avenues for understanding the complex relationships between the immune system and the nervous system. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of HCAR1, but the emerging evidence suggests a crucial role in modulating immune responses, regulating lipid metabolism, and contributing to neurological disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 3418566575

Symbol: HCAR1_HUMAN

Name: Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9BXC0 B2R9X4 Q3Y5J3 Q4VBN1 Q6NXU5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11574155

Title: Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes.

PubMed ID: 11574155

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00651-5

PubMed ID: 19047060

Title: Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81.

PubMed ID: 19047060

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m806409200

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12044878

Title: Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence.

PubMed ID: 12044878

DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)02775-8

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 21454438

Title: International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXII: nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B).

PubMed ID: 21454438

DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.003301

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 346
  • Mass: 39295
  • Checksum: E0DB114EEB3A47A5
  • Sequence:
    • MYNGSCCRIE GDTISQVMPP LLIVAFVLGA LGNGVALCGF CFHMKTWKPS TVYLFNLAVA 
DFLLMICLPF RTDYYLRRRH WAFGDIPCRV GLFTLAMNRA GSIVFLTVVA ADRYFKVVHP 
HHAVNTISTR VAAGIVCTLW ALVILGTVYL LLENHLCVQE TAVSCESFIM ESANGWHDIM 
FQLEFFMPLG IILFCSFKIV WSLRRRQQLA RQARMKKATR FIMVVAIVFI TCYLPSVSAR 
LYFLWTVPSS ACDPSVHGAL HITLSFTYMN SMLDPLVYYF SSPSFPKFYN KLKICSLKPK 
QPGHSKTQRP EEMPISNLGR RSCISVANSF QSQSDGQWDP HIVEWH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.