Details for: APEX2

Gene ID: 27301

Symbol: APEX2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169188

Description: apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 32.2736
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 26.6122
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 22.6971
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3500
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 21.0212
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 19.6983
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 8.9972
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 6.8372
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 2.7848
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.2630
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9300
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.4140
    Cell Significance Index: 22.6900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.2502
    Cell Significance Index: 123.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.8795
    Cell Significance Index: 95.6600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.6551
    Cell Significance Index: 106.5400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.6008
    Cell Significance Index: 31.2100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.5578
    Cell Significance Index: 7.6100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.5421
    Cell Significance Index: 13.8500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.4671
    Cell Significance Index: 54.4300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4109
    Cell Significance Index: 371.0400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.3656
    Cell Significance Index: 43.1200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3593
    Cell Significance Index: 24.8500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.3288
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.3215
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.3061
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2723
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.2456
    Cell Significance Index: 46.7300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2142
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.1888
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.1862
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1801
    Cell Significance Index: 79.6100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1781
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.1709
    Cell Significance Index: 30.8000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1607
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1596
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.1589
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1500
    Cell Significance Index: 81.9300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.1462
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.1377
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.1256
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1200
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1129
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: 21.1700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0788
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0723
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1500
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.0570
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.0497
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0484
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0300
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0384
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.0267
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8000
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0114
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0145
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6100
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0475
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3700
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.0683
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0785
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0805
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0826
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0846
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.0906
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0936
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1800
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0938
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0939
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2700
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0954
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1006
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.1040
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1085
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1147
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.1160
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1358
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3500
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.1396
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: -0.1597
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.1682
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.1726
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** APEX2 is a zinc-dependent endonuclease that exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease activity, allowing it to degrade DNA strands in a 5' to 3' direction. This enzyme is highly specific, targeting apurinic and apyrimidinic sites, which are formed by the spontaneous degradation of cytosine and uracil bases. APEX2's activity is tightly regulated by its interaction with other proteins, including DNA-binding proteins and histone-modifying enzymes, which modulate its activity and localization. **Pathways and Functions:** APEX2 is integral to several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Base-excision repair (BER):** APEX2 degrades apurinic and apyrimidinic sites, repairing DNA lesions and maintaining genome stability. 2. **DNA damage response:** APEX2's activity is triggered by DNA damage, allowing cells to respond and repair damage before mutations occur. 3. **Cell cycle regulation:** APEX2's activity is linked to cell cycle progression, with its expression increasing during the S phase and decreasing during the G2/M phase. 4. **Epigenetic regulation:** APEX2 interacts with histone-modifying enzymes, influencing chromatin structure and gene expression. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of APEX2 has been implicated in various human diseases, including: 1. **Cancer:** Mutations in APEX2 have been associated with an increased risk of cancer, suggesting its role in maintaining genome stability. 2. **Neurodegenerative disorders:** APEX2's expression is reduced in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, highlighting its potential role in maintaining neuronal homeostasis. 3. **Reproductive disorders:** APEX2's expression is altered in reproductive disorders, such as recurrent miscarriages and implantation failure, suggesting its role in maintaining placental function. In conclusion, APEX2 is a vital enzyme that plays a critical role in maintaining genome stability and cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases, highlighting the importance of APEX2 in preventing cancer and neurological disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying APEX2's function and to explore its therapeutic potential in human diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 517009081

Symbol: APEX2_HUMAN

Name: DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11376153

Title: Human APE2 protein is mostly localized in the nuclei and to some extent in the mitochondria, while nuclear APE2 is partly associated with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

PubMed ID: 11376153

DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.11.2349

PubMed ID: 15772651

Title: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome.

PubMed ID: 15772651

DOI: 10.1038/nature03440

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16687656

Title: Human Ape2 protein has a 3'-5' exonuclease activity that acts preferentially on mismatched base pairs.

PubMed ID: 16687656

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl259

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19443450

Title: Role of PCNA-dependent stimulation of 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities of human Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 19443450

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp357

PubMed ID: 32516598

Title: Endogenous DNA 3' Blocks Are Vulnerabilities for BRCA1 and BRCA2 Deficiency and Are Reversed by the APE2 Nuclease.

PubMed ID: 32516598

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.021

PubMed ID: 20843780

Title: Identification of rare DNA variants in mitochondrial disorders with improved array-based sequencing.

PubMed ID: 20843780

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq750

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 518
  • Mass: 57401
  • Checksum: 08464806153F8832
  • Sequence:
  • MLRVVSWNIN GIRRPLQGVA NQEPSNCAAV AVGRILDELD ADIVCLQETK VTRDALTEPL 
    AIVEGYNSYF SFSRNRSGYS GVATFCKDNA TPVAAEEGLS GLFATQNGDV GCYGNMDEFT 
    QEELRALDSE GRALLTQHKI RTWEGKEKTL TLINVYCPHA DPGRPERLVF KMRFYRLLQI 
    RAEALLAAGS HVIILGDLNT AHRPIDHWDA VNLECFEEDP GRKWMDSLLS NLGCQSASHV 
    GPFIDSYRCF QPKQEGAFTC WSAVTGARHL NYGSRLDYVL GDRTLVIDTF QASFLLPEVM 
    GSDHCPVGAV LSVSSVPAKQ CPPLCTRFLP EFAGTQLKIL RFLVPLEQSP VLEQSTLQHN 
    NQTRVQTCQN KAQVRSTRPQ PSQVGSSRGQ KNLKSYFQPS PSCPQASPDI ELPSLPLMSA 
    LMTPKTPEEK AVAKVVKGQA KTSEAKDEKE LRTSFWKSVL AGPLRTPLCG GHREPCVMRT 
    VKKPGPNLGR RFYMCARPRG PPTDPSSRCN FFLWSRPS

Genular Protein ID: 3556203518

Symbol: B7ZA71_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 347
  • Mass: 38548
  • Checksum: BF56483ABA4656C7
  • Sequence:
  • MRFYRLLQIR AEALLAAGSH VIILGDLNTA HRPIDHWDAV NLECFEEDPG RKWMDSLLSN 
    LGCQSASHVG PFIDSYRCFQ PKQEGAFTCW SAVTGARHLN YGSRLDYVLG DRTLVIDTFQ 
    ASFLLPEVMG SDHCPVGAVL SVSSVPAKQC PPLCTRFLPE FAGTQLKILR FLVPLEQSPV 
    LEQSTLQHNN QTRVQTCQNK AQVRSTRPQP SQVGSSRGQK NLKSYFQPSP SCPQASPDIE 
    LPSLPLMSAL MTPKTPEEKA VAKVVKGQAK TSEAKDEKEL RTSFWKSVLA GPLRTPLCGG 
    HREPCVMRTV KKPGPNLGRR FYMCARPRGP PTDPSSRCNF FLWSRPS

Genular Protein ID: 1681028195

Symbol: B4DWI9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 347
  • Mass: 38578
  • Checksum: C79E7A5774C5E84D
  • Sequence:
  • MRFYRLLQIR TEALLAAGSH VIILGDLNTA HRPIDHWDAV NLECFEEDPG RKWMDSLLSN 
    LGCQSASHVG PFIDSYRCFQ PKQEGAFTCW SAVTGARHLN YGSRLDYVLG DRTLVIDTFQ 
    ASFLLPEVMG SDHCPVGAVL SVSSVPAKQC PPLCTRFLPE FAGTQLKILR FLVPLEQSPV 
    LEQSTLQHNN QTRVQTCQNK AQVRSTRPQP SQVGSSRGQK NLKSYFQPSP SCPQASPDIE 
    LPSLPLMSAL MTPKTPEEKA VAKVVKGQAK TSEAKDEKEL RTSFWKSVLA GPLRTPLCGG 
    HREPCVMRTV KKPGPNLGRR FYMCARPRGP PTDPSSRCNF FLWSRPS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.