Details for: IL15

Gene ID: 3600

Symbol: IL15

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164136

Description: interleukin 15

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 77.3087
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0300
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 44.4719
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2800
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 25.6365
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 24.5699
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 22.7845
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 10.9244
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 9.7773
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.9569
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.9364
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.0765
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1400
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.8043
    Cell Significance Index: 25.9500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.3835
    Cell Significance Index: 263.2800
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.7326
    Cell Significance Index: 661.4700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.6505
    Cell Significance Index: 18.1800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.5851
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.4725
    Cell Significance Index: 7.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.4462
    Cell Significance Index: 64.8600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.4371
    Cell Significance Index: 47.5400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4298
    Cell Significance Index: 69.9000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.4023
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3400
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.3611
    Cell Significance Index: 21.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.3374
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.3285
    Cell Significance Index: 17.1100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.3116
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2828
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.2582
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.2168
    Cell Significance Index: 21.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1693
    Cell Significance Index: 19.7300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.1681
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0900
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: 56.5400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1143
    Cell Significance Index: 215.2700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0688
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0546
    Cell Significance Index: 34.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of thymus (CL0002293)
    Fold Change: 0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0372
    Cell Significance Index: 20.3400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0363
    Cell Significance Index: 25.1300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0191
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0138
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8700
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0073
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0182
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0257
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0329
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2300
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: -0.0375
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1600
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0581
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0720
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0727
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0785
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: suprabasal keratinocyte (CL4033013)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0883
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0966
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0996
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1011
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.1016
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.1237
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.1245
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1265
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.1368
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1376
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1489
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1521
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1584
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1650
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1741
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1824
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7700
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1909
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.2025
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.2080
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.2109
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2110
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2187
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8400
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: -0.2308
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.2392
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.2434
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.2446
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2448
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** IL-15 is a type II cytokine, which distinguishes it from other interleukins that are classified as type I or type III. It is a heterodimer composed of an alpha subunit (IL-15α) and a beta subunit (IL-15Rβ), which binds to its receptor, IL-15Rα. IL-15 has a broad spectrum of biological activities, including: 1. NK cell proliferation and activation 2. T cell proliferation and differentiation 3. Macrophage activation and proliferation 4. Cytokine production and regulation 5. Cell survival and apoptosis regulation IL-15 is also known to have anti-inflammatory properties and can regulate immune responses in various tissues, including the retina, ovary, and cerebral cortex. **Pathways and Functions** IL-15 signaling involves the binding of IL-15 to its receptor, which triggers a cascade of downstream signaling events that regulate various biological processes. The key pathways involved in IL-15 signaling include: 1. JAK/STAT pathway: IL-15 binding to its receptor activates the Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, which regulate gene expression and cell proliferation. 2. PI3K/Akt pathway: IL-15 signaling also activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, which regulates cell survival and proliferation. 3. NF-κB pathway: IL-15 signaling can also activate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, which regulates inflammation and immune responses. IL-15 has been shown to regulate various biological processes, including: 1. Immune response: IL-15 is involved in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the development and maintenance of NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. 2. Cell maturation: IL-15 is involved in the maturation of NK cells, T cells, and macrophages, which is essential for their function and survival. 3. Cytokine production: IL-15 regulates the production of various cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). 4. Inflammation: IL-15 has anti-inflammatory properties and can regulate immune responses in various tissues. **Clinical Significance** IL-15 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. Cancer: IL-15 has been shown to promote tumor growth and metastasis in various cancers, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. 2. Autoimmune diseases: IL-15 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus. 3. Infections: IL-15 has been shown to regulate immune responses to infections, particularly in the context of viral and bacterial infections. 4. Neurological disorders: IL-15 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, IL-15 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the development and maintenance of NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. Its expression is significantly elevated in various tissues, and it has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, infections, and neurological disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1416243510

Symbol: IL15_HUMAN

Name: Interleukin-15

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P40933 D3DNZ2 O00440 O43512 Q495Z8 Q6FGX7 Q93058 Q9UBA3

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 21 Ensembl 6 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 39 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8178155

Title: Cloning of a T cell growth factor that interacts with the beta chain of the interleukin-2 receptor.

PubMed ID: 8178155

DOI: 10.1126/science.8178155

PubMed ID: 8932977

Title: Genomic sequence and chromosomal location of the human interleukin-15 gene (IL15).

PubMed ID: 8932977

DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1996.0089

PubMed ID: 8668345

Title: Identification of a novel interleukin-15 (IL-15) transcript isoform generated by alternative splicing in human small cell lung cancer cell lines.

PubMed ID: 8668345

PubMed ID: 9405632

Title: Generation of secretable and nonsecretable interleukin 15 isoforms through alternate usage of signal peptides.

PubMed ID: 9405632

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.26.14444

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8026467

Title: Utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor by the novel cytokine IL-15.

PubMed ID: 8026467

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06576.x

PubMed ID: 7568001

Title: Tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT5, STAT3, and Janus kinases by interleukins 2 and 15.

PubMed ID: 7568001

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.19.8705

PubMed ID: 9326248

Title: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) induces IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 production in human monocytes.

PubMed ID: 9326248

PubMed ID: 10233906

Title: Human monocytes constitutively express membrane-bound, biologically active, and interferon-gamma-upregulated interleukin-15.

PubMed ID: 10233906

PubMed ID: 15123770

Title: Interleukin-15 enhances human neutrophil phagocytosis by a Syk-dependent mechanism: importance of the IL-15Ralpha chain.

PubMed ID: 15123770

DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0605298

PubMed ID: 21167836

Title: Engineering a high-affinity anti-IL-15 antibody: crystal structure reveals an alpha-helix in VH CDR3 as key component of paratope.

PubMed ID: 21167836

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.12.017

PubMed ID: 23104097

Title: Mechanistic and structural insight into the functional dichotomy between IL-2 and IL-15.

PubMed ID: 23104097

DOI: 10.1038/ni.2449

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 162
  • Mass: 18086
  • Checksum: 0CE0520C1D8379E2
  • Sequence:
    • MRISKPHLRS ISIQCYLCLL LNSHFLTEAG IHVFILGCFS AGLPKTEANW VNVISDLKKI 
EDLIQSMHID ATLYTESDVH PSCKVTAMKC FLLELQVISL ESGDASIHDT VENLIILANN 
SLSSNGNVTE SGCKECEELE EKNIKEFLQS FVHIVQMFIN TS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.