Details for: PC

Gene ID: 5091

Symbol: PC

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173599

Description: pyruvate carboxylase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 105.4356
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 71.7149
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1900
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 35.6794
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5000
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 15.1507
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 14.5098
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 6.8126
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.6071
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1800
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 4.1969
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.3075
    Cell Significance Index: 38.8700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.9600
    Cell Significance Index: 52.5200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.7564
    Cell Significance Index: 348.5700
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 1.4247
    Cell Significance Index: 17.9400
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.3700
    Cell Significance Index: 21.9800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.6497
    Cell Significance Index: 130.3200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.5996
    Cell Significance Index: 26.5200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.5559
    Cell Significance Index: 21.0500
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.3905
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3772
    Cell Significance Index: 260.8700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3570
    Cell Significance Index: 35.3100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3313
    Cell Significance Index: 118.8200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.3306
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.3215
    Cell Significance Index: 290.3000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3167
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.2501
    Cell Significance Index: 11.6600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2418
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.2118
    Cell Significance Index: 30.7900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.2095
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1988
    Cell Significance Index: 32.3300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.1960
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.1932
    Cell Significance Index: 22.5200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1217
    Cell Significance Index: 23.1600
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1039
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0969
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0920
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3000
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: 124.0600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0727
    Cell Significance Index: 39.7300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0723
    Cell Significance Index: 111.2600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.0676
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0618
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0545
    Cell Significance Index: 100.5600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: 27.2800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0425
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0375
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: 57.7500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0277
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0322
    Cell Significance Index: -20.1000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0463
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0552
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0567
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6900
  • Cell Name: serous secreting cell of bronchus submucosal gland (CL4033005)
    Fold Change: -0.0590
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0970
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0973
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1018
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: -0.1187
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.1258
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1380
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1476
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4100
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1480
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1511
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1549
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1300
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1602
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8200
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1677
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1710
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1926
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1929
    Cell Significance Index: -12.1600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1950
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2108
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2133
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2151
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.2177
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2178
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2508
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.2632
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.3209
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8100
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3369
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7300
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.3475
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.3549
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9700
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.3754
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.3800
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3882
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4400
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.3941
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.3959
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.4041
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.4098
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Biotin-dependent enzyme**: PC is a biotin-dependent enzyme, requiring biotin as a cofactor for its catalytic activity. 2. **Gluconeogenic pathway**: PC is a key enzyme in the gluconeogenic pathway, which generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. 3. **Regulation of gene expression**: PC is negatively regulated by high levels of citrate, a product of glycolysis, while positive regulation by biotin and oxaloacetate has been observed. 4. **Impaired function in biotin metabolism**: Defects in biotin metabolism, such as in biotinidase deficiency, can lead to multiple carboxylase deficiencies, including PC deficiency. 5. **Tissue-specific expression**: PC is expressed in various tissues, including the liver, kidney, and fat cells, highlighting its importance in metabolic regulation. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Gluconeogenesis**: PC catalyzes the carboxylation of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate, a key step in the gluconeogenic pathway. 2. **Glucose metabolism**: PC plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, regulating the interplay between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. 3. **Vitamin and cofactor metabolism**: PC is involved in the metabolism of vitamins and cofactors, including biotin, oxaloacetate, and pyruvate. 4. **Lipid metabolism**: PC has been implicated in lipid metabolism, with potential implications for obesity and metabolic disorders. 5. **Energy metabolism**: PC contributes to energy metabolism by regulating the interplay between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Multiple carboxylase deficiency**: Defects in PC can lead to multiple carboxylase deficiency, a condition characterized by impaired biotin metabolism and multiple organ dysfunction. 2. **Biotin deficiency**: Biotin deficiency can lead to impaired PC function, highlighting the importance of biotin supplementation in maintaining normal metabolic function. 3. **Metabolic disorders**: Impaired PC function has been implicated in various metabolic disorders, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. 4. **Cancer therapy**: PC has been explored as a potential target for cancer therapy, given its role in regulating energy metabolism and cell growth. In conclusion, pyruvate carboxylase is a vital enzyme that plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, including gluconeogenesis, glucose metabolism, and the metabolism of vitamins and cofactors. Its impaired function has been implicated in various clinical disorders, highlighting the importance of understanding its regulation and function in maintaining normal metabolic homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 4055101640

Symbol: PYC_HUMAN

Name: Pyruvic carboxylase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7918683

Title: Primary amino acid sequence and structure of human pyruvate carboxylase.

PubMed ID: 7918683

DOI: 10.1016/0925-4439(94)90105-8

PubMed ID: 8048912

Title: cDNA cloning of human kidney pyruvate carboxylase.

PubMed ID: 8048912

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2029

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 3555348

Title: Sequence homology around the biotin-binding site of human propionyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase.

PubMed ID: 3555348

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(87)90146-9

PubMed ID: 6548474

Title: Molecular cloning of a cDNA for human pyruvate carboxylase. Structural relationship to other biotin-containing carboxylases and regulation of mRNA content in differentiating preadipocytes.

PubMed ID: 6548474

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)90822-7

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23438705

Title: Mitochondrial SIRT4-type proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals interact with pyruvate carboxylase and other acetylated biotin-dependent carboxylases.

PubMed ID: 23438705

DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2013.02.002

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 18297087

Title: Crystal structures of human and Staphylococcus aureus pyruvate carboxylase and molecular insights into the carboxyltransfer reaction.

PubMed ID: 18297087

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.1393

PubMed ID: 9585612

Title: Amerindian pyruvate carboxylase deficiency is associated with two distinct missense mutations.

PubMed ID: 9585612

DOI: 10.1086/301884

PubMed ID: 9585002

Title: Molecular characterization of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in two consanguineous families.

PubMed ID: 9585002

DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199805000-00004

PubMed ID: 19306334

Title: Structural insights on pathogenic effects of novel mutations causing pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 19306334

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20908

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1178
  • Mass: 129634
  • Checksum: 381F527553A20095
  • Sequence:
  • MLKFRTVHGG LRLLGIRRTS TAPAASPNVR RLEYKPIKKV MVANRGEIAI RVFRACTELG 
    IRTVAIYSEQ DTGQMHRQKA DEAYLIGRGL APVQAYLHIP DIIKVAKENN VDAVHPGYGF 
    LSERADFAQA CQDAGVRFIG PSPEVVRKMG DKVEARAIAI AAGVPVVPGT DAPITSLHEA 
    HEFSNTYGFP IIFKAAYGGG GRGMRVVHSY EELEENYTRA YSEALAAFGN GALFVEKFIE 
    KPRHIEVQIL GDQYGNILHL YERDCSIQRR HQKVVEIAPA AHLDPQLRTR LTSDSVKLAK 
    QVGYENAGTV EFLVDRHGKH YFIEVNSRLQ VEHTVTEEIT DVDLVHAQIH VAEGRSLPDL 
    GLRQENIRIN GCAIQCRVTT EDPARSFQPD TGRIEVFRSG EGMGIRLDNA SAFQGAVISP 
    HYDSLLVKVI AHGKDHPTAA TKMSRALAEF RVRGVKTNIA FLQNVLNNQQ FLAGTVDTQF 
    IDENPELFQL RPAQNRAQKL LHYLGHVMVN GPTTPIPVKA SPSPTDPVVP AVPIGPPPAG 
    FRDILLREGP EGFARAVRNH PGLLLMDTTF RDAHQSLLAT RVRTHDLKKI APYVAHNFSK 
    LFSMENWGGA TFDVAMRFLY ECPWRRLQEL RELIPNIPFQ MLLRGANAVG YTNYPDNVVF 
    KFCEVAKENG MDVFRVFDSL NYLPNMLLGM EAAGSAGGVV EAAISYTGDV ADPSRTKYSL 
    QYYMGLAEEL VRAGTHILCI KDMAGLLKPT ACTMLVSSLR DRFPDLPLHI HTHDTSGAGV 
    AAMLACAQAG ADVVDVAADS MSGMTSQPSM GALVACTRGT PLDTEVPMER VFDYSEYWEG 
    ARGLYAAFDC TATMKSGNSD VYENEIPGGQ YTNLHFQAHS MGLGSKFKEV KKAYVEANQM 
    LGDLIKVTPS SKIVGDLAQF MVQNGLSRAE AEAQAEELSF PRSVVEFLQG YIGVPHGGFP 
    EPFRSKVLKD LPRVEGRPGA SLPPLDLQAL EKELVDRHGE EVTPEDVLSA AMYPDVFAHF 
    KDFTATFGPL DSLNTRLFLQ GPKIAEEFEV ELERGKTLHI KALAVSDLNR AGQRQVFFEL 
    NGQLRSILVK DTQAMKEMHF HPKALKDVKG QIGAPMPGKV IDIKVVAGAK VAKGQPLCVL 
    SAMKMETVVT SPMEGTVRKV HVTKDMTLEG DDLILEIE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.