Details for: PEPD

Gene ID: 5184

Symbol: PEPD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124299

Description: peptidase D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 259.3458
    Cell Significance Index: -40.3400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 150.8417
    Cell Significance Index: -38.2600
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 108.5332
    Cell Significance Index: -44.7100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 92.1583
    Cell Significance Index: -43.5100
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 91.8138
    Cell Significance Index: -37.3000
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 81.2232
    Cell Significance Index: -41.7800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 34.4051
    Cell Significance Index: -42.4200
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 11.9081
    Cell Significance Index: -31.9000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 10.8919
    Cell Significance Index: -42.9800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 9.6274
    Cell Significance Index: -29.5700
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 6.9360
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1800
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 3.4484
    Cell Significance Index: 31.7600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 2.5794
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4500
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 2.1851
    Cell Significance Index: 131.1800
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 1.5749
    Cell Significance Index: 183.5400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.2070
    Cell Significance Index: 26.1500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.9754
    Cell Significance Index: 195.6600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.9345
    Cell Significance Index: 168.4600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.9075
    Cell Significance Index: 147.6000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.8973
    Cell Significance Index: 178.0800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.8808
    Cell Significance Index: 60.9100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.7113
    Cell Significance Index: 87.4700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.5844
    Cell Significance Index: 80.2500
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.5822
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3819
    Cell Significance Index: 168.8500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3794
    Cell Significance Index: 48.6400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3714
    Cell Significance Index: 256.8700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.3599
    Cell Significance Index: 196.5400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.3569
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.3130
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.2462
    Cell Significance Index: 88.3100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.2267
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2081
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.1824
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1606
    Cell Significance Index: 15.8900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1439
    Cell Significance Index: 129.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1134
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.0998
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0600
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0988
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3700
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0949
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.0784
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0508
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: 37.8800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0108
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.0047
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4300
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0112
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0255
    Cell Significance Index: -34.6700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0483
    Cell Significance Index: -27.2300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0644
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0808
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0873
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0893
    Cell Significance Index: -18.8100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1191
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1205
    Cell Significance Index: -34.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1319
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1392
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2400
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1809
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2098
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2172
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3800
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.2412
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: -0.2472
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2530
    Cell Significance Index: -17.0100
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.2793
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3356
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.3506
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3719
    Cell Significance Index: -38.7200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.3764
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5200
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.3810
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.4225
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4229
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4291
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4506
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.4920
    Cell Significance Index: -30.2400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.4983
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.5044
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.5085
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2600
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.5187
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.5717
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.5759
    Cell Significance Index: -30.0000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.5921
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.6060
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.6295
    Cell Significance Index: -38.6000
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.6533
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** PEPD is a metalloprotease enzyme that belongs to the M16 family of peptidases. It is a zinc-dependent enzyme, which means that its catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of zinc ions. PEPD has a specific substrate specificity, recognizing and cleaving dipeptides containing the amino acid proline. Its activity is regulated by metal ions, particularly zinc and manganese, which bind to the enzyme's active site and modulate its activity. PEPD is a soluble enzyme, and its expression is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. **Pathways and Functions** PEPD is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Amino acid metabolism**: PEPD regulates the degradation of peptides and proteins, influencing amino acid availability and metabolism. 2. **Collagen catabolism**: PEPD contributes to the breakdown of collagen, a key component of the extracellular matrix. 3. **Proteolysis**: PEPD is involved in the degradation of proteins, regulating cellular signaling and immune responses. 4. **Negative regulation of programmed cell death**: PEPD may play a role in preventing excessive cell death, promoting cell survival. 5. **Immune regulation**: PEPD is expressed in immune cells, where it may regulate immune responses and modulate the activity of immune cells. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of PEPD has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Kidney diseases**: Altered PEPD expression has been linked to kidney diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. 2. **Cancer**: PEPD overexpression has been observed in certain types of cancer, including lung and colon cancer. 3. **Neurological disorders**: PEPD has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Inflammatory diseases**: PEPD may play a role in regulating inflammation, and its dysregulation has been linked to inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. In conclusion, PEPD is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including amino acid metabolism, collagen catabolism, and immune regulation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of PEPD in maintaining cellular homeostasis and overall health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of PEPD in human disease and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for targeting this enzyme.

Genular Protein ID: 2302851558

Symbol: PEPD_HUMAN

Name: Xaa-Pro dipeptidase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P12955 A8K3Z1 A8K416 A8K696 A8MX47 B4DDB7 B4DGJ1 E9PCE8 Q8TBN9 Q9BT75

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 16 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 12 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 21 PDBsum 21 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2925654

Title: Primary structure and gene localization of human prolidase.

PubMed ID: 2925654

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83768-1

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11840567

Title: Cluster analysis of an extensive human breast cancer cell line protein expression map database.

PubMed ID: 11840567

DOI: 10.1002/1615-9861(200202)2:2<212::aid-prot212>3.0.co;2-h

PubMed ID: 17081196

Title: Human recombinant prolidase from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources. Expression, purification, characterization and long-term stability studies.

PubMed ID: 17081196

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05538.x

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 35165443

Title: M24B aminopeptidase inhibitors selectively activate the CARD8 inflammasome.

PubMed ID: 35165443

DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00964-7

PubMed ID: 28677335

Title: Substrate specificity and reaction mechanism of human prolidase.

PubMed ID: 28677335

DOI: 10.1111/febs.14158

PubMed ID: 2365824

Title: A single nucleotide change in the prolidase gene in fibroblasts from two patients with polypeptide positive prolidase deficiency. Expression of the mutant enzyme in NIH 3T3 cells.

PubMed ID: 2365824

DOI: 10.1172/jci114708

PubMed ID: 8198124

Title: Four novel PEPD alleles causing prolidase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8198124

PubMed ID: 8900231

Title: Expression and molecular analysis of mutations in prolidase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8900231

PubMed ID: 12384772

Title: Mutation analysis of five new patients affected by prolidase deficiency: the lack of enzyme activity causes necrosis-like cell death in cultured fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 12384772

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0792-5

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 493
  • Mass: 54548
  • Checksum: E8C4A2497E44BA22
  • Sequence:
    • MAAATGPSFW LGNETLKVPL ALFALNRQRL CERLRKNPAV QAGSIVVLQG GEETQRYCTD 
TGVLFRQESF FHWAFGVTEP GCYGVIDVDT GKSTLFVPRL PASHATWMGK IHSKEHFKEK 
YAVDDVQYVD EIASVLTSQK PSVLLTLRGV NTDSGSVCRE ASFDGISKFE VNNTILHPEI 
VECRVFKTDM ELEVLRYTNK ISSEAHREVM KAVKVGMKEY ELESLFEHYC YSRGGMRHSS 
YTCICGSGEN SAVLHYGHAG APNDRTIQNG DMCLFDMGGE YYCFASDITC SFPANGKFTA 
DQKAVYEAVL RSSRAVMGAM KPGVWWPDMH RLADRIHLEE LAHMGILSGS VDAMVQAHLG 
AVFMPHGLGH FLGIDVHDVG GYPEGVERID EPGLRSLRTA RHLQPGMVLT VEPGIYFIDH 
LLDEALADPA RASFLNREVL QRFRGFGGVR IEEDVVVTDS GIELLTCVPR TVEEIEACMA 
GCDKAFTPFS GPK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.