Details for: PEPD

Gene ID: 5184

Symbol: PEPD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000124299

Description: peptidase D

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 2.62
    Marker Score: 9286
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.32
    Marker Score: 3574
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 2.02
    Marker Score: 1112
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.7
    Marker Score: 3993
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 6257
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 42432
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 470
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 7219
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 6000
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 1606
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 12098
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 16075
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 3755
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 77002
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 3178
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 1228
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 2024
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 1294.5
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 858
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 13177
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 5452
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 8086
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 7581
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 2374
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 1004
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 73214
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 440
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 6343
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 5075
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 1919
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 11743
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0002371)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 1225
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 1286
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 1654
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 17824
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 3562
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 769
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 560
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 1644
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 2323
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 1173
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell (CL0000934)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 973
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 1123
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 8523.5
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 677
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 357
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 667.5
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 262
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of sinusoid (CL0002262)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: inhibitory motor neuron (CL0008015)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 496
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 38715
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 259
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 424
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 429
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 9676
  • Cell Name: alternatively activated macrophage (CL0000890)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 424
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 415
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 233
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 291
  • Cell Name: precursor cell (CL0011115)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 245
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 1391
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 8595
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 234
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71601
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 47827
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 742
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 236
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 1635
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 2577
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 715
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30369
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 920
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 1014
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 3777
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 870
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 2408
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 3931.5
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 830
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 860
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1382
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 462
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1031
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 359
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 1522
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1765
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 624
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 1248
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2382
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 301
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 2124
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 3864
  • Cell Name: primordial germ cell (CL0000670)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 1166
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 385
  • Cell Name: capillary endothelial cell (CL0002144)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 995
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 492
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 476
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1675
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1865

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics** PEPD is a metalloprotease enzyme that belongs to the M16 family of peptidases. It is a zinc-dependent enzyme, which means that its catalytic activity is dependent on the presence of zinc ions. PEPD has a specific substrate specificity, recognizing and cleaving dipeptides containing the amino acid proline. Its activity is regulated by metal ions, particularly zinc and manganese, which bind to the enzyme's active site and modulate its activity. PEPD is a soluble enzyme, and its expression is primarily localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. **Pathways and Functions** PEPD is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Amino acid metabolism**: PEPD regulates the degradation of peptides and proteins, influencing amino acid availability and metabolism. 2. **Collagen catabolism**: PEPD contributes to the breakdown of collagen, a key component of the extracellular matrix. 3. **Proteolysis**: PEPD is involved in the degradation of proteins, regulating cellular signaling and immune responses. 4. **Negative regulation of programmed cell death**: PEPD may play a role in preventing excessive cell death, promoting cell survival. 5. **Immune regulation**: PEPD is expressed in immune cells, where it may regulate immune responses and modulate the activity of immune cells. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of PEPD has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Kidney diseases**: Altered PEPD expression has been linked to kidney diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease. 2. **Cancer**: PEPD overexpression has been observed in certain types of cancer, including lung and colon cancer. 3. **Neurological disorders**: PEPD has been implicated in neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Inflammatory diseases**: PEPD may play a role in regulating inflammation, and its dysregulation has been linked to inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. In conclusion, PEPD is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in regulating various cellular processes, including amino acid metabolism, collagen catabolism, and immune regulation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of PEPD in maintaining cellular homeostasis and overall health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the role of PEPD in human disease and to explore potential therapeutic strategies for targeting this enzyme.

Genular Protein ID: 2302851558

Symbol: PEPD_HUMAN

Name: Xaa-Pro dipeptidase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P12955 A8K3Z1 A8K416 A8K696 A8MX47 B4DDB7 B4DGJ1 E9PCE8 Q8TBN9 Q9BT75

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 16 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 12 EPD 1 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 29 PDBsum 21 PIR 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 3 Rhea 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2925654

Title: Primary structure and gene localization of human prolidase.

PubMed ID: 2925654

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83768-1

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15057824

Title: The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19.

PubMed ID: 15057824

DOI: 10.1038/nature02399

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11840567

Title: Cluster analysis of an extensive human breast cancer cell line protein expression map database.

PubMed ID: 11840567

DOI: 10.1002/1615-9861(200202)2:2<212::aid-prot212>3.0.co;2-h

PubMed ID: 17081196

Title: Human recombinant prolidase from eukaryotic and prokaryotic sources. Expression, purification, characterization and long-term stability studies.

PubMed ID: 17081196

DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05538.x

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 35165443

Title: M24B aminopeptidase inhibitors selectively activate the CARD8 inflammasome.

PubMed ID: 35165443

DOI: 10.1038/s41589-021-00964-7

PubMed ID: 28677335

Title: Substrate specificity and reaction mechanism of human prolidase.

PubMed ID: 28677335

DOI: 10.1111/febs.14158

PubMed ID: 2365824

Title: A single nucleotide change in the prolidase gene in fibroblasts from two patients with polypeptide positive prolidase deficiency. Expression of the mutant enzyme in NIH 3T3 cells.

PubMed ID: 2365824

DOI: 10.1172/jci114708

PubMed ID: 8198124

Title: Four novel PEPD alleles causing prolidase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8198124

PubMed ID: 8900231

Title: Expression and molecular analysis of mutations in prolidase deficiency.

PubMed ID: 8900231

PubMed ID: 12384772

Title: Mutation analysis of five new patients affected by prolidase deficiency: the lack of enzyme activity causes necrosis-like cell death in cultured fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 12384772

DOI: 10.1007/s00439-002-0792-5

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 493
  • Mass: 54548
  • Checksum: E8C4A2497E44BA22
  • Sequence:
    • MAAATGPSFW LGNETLKVPL ALFALNRQRL CERLRKNPAV QAGSIVVLQG GEETQRYCTD 
TGVLFRQESF FHWAFGVTEP GCYGVIDVDT GKSTLFVPRL PASHATWMGK IHSKEHFKEK 
YAVDDVQYVD EIASVLTSQK PSVLLTLRGV NTDSGSVCRE ASFDGISKFE VNNTILHPEI 
VECRVFKTDM ELEVLRYTNK ISSEAHREVM KAVKVGMKEY ELESLFEHYC YSRGGMRHSS 
YTCICGSGEN SAVLHYGHAG APNDRTIQNG DMCLFDMGGE YYCFASDITC SFPANGKFTA 
DQKAVYEAVL RSSRAVMGAM KPGVWWPDMH RLADRIHLEE LAHMGILSGS VDAMVQAHLG 
AVFMPHGLGH FLGIDVHDVG GYPEGVERID EPGLRSLRTA RHLQPGMVLT VEPGIYFIDH 
LLDEALADPA RASFLNREVL QRFRGFGGVR IEEDVVVTDS GIELLTCVPR TVEEIEACMA 
GCDKAFTPFS GPK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.