Details for: POLD2

Gene ID: 5425

Symbol: POLD2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000106628

Description: DNA polymerase delta 2, accessory subunit

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 2.38
    Marker Score: 2485
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Marker Score: 4398
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 1.98
    Marker Score: 4145
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 1.88
    Marker Score: 5124
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0002371)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 1925
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 1845
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 1.74
    Marker Score: 7103
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 2425
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 1132
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 1113
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 1.67
    Marker Score: 1795
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 2827
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 1.65
    Marker Score: 14362
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 10597.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 13835
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 6913
  • Cell Name: mesodermal cell (CL0000222)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 20958
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 1.57
    Marker Score: 3828
  • Cell Name: neural crest cell (CL0011012)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 1671
  • Cell Name: migratory enteric neural crest cell (CL0002607)
    Fold Change: 1.56
    Marker Score: 1470
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 537
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 1.5
    Marker Score: 371
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Marker Score: 849.5
  • Cell Name: stem cell (CL0000034)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 3509
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 11255
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 1446
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 7031
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 690
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 49455
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 466
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 1058
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 1173
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 1494.5
  • Cell Name: enteric smooth muscle cell (CL0002504)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 3293.5
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 5171
  • Cell Name: respiratory epithelial cell (CL0002368)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 767
  • Cell Name: primordial germ cell (CL0000670)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 1744
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 15540.5
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 2201
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 854
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 13669
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 2349.5
  • Cell Name: peripheral nervous system neuron (CL2000032)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 1473
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 5054
  • Cell Name: male germ cell (CL0000015)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 362
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 289
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 611
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 1806
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 1879
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: 1.2
    Marker Score: 757
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 1881
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 379.5
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 1570
  • Cell Name: multi-ciliated epithelial cell (CL0005012)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 2244
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 11888.5
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 2665
  • Cell Name: CD34-positive, CD38-negative hematopoietic stem cell (CL0001024)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 842.5
  • Cell Name: preosteoblast (CL0007010)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell, mammalian (CL0001066)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 366
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 1964.5
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 2554
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 818.5
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 1.12
    Marker Score: 4319
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 3028.5
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 3265
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 1780.5
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.08
    Marker Score: 686
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 843.5
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 1111
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: 1.07
    Marker Score: 507
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 305
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic precursor cell (CL0008001)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 368
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 35623.5
  • Cell Name: primary sensory neuron (sensu Teleostei) (CL0000531)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 351
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 16312
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 201
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: 1.02
    Marker Score: 288
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 522
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 1680
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 461
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 1297
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 2038
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 917
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71632
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 3531
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 47854
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 2501
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 6319.5
  • Cell Name: type EC enteroendocrine cell (CL0000577)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 926
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30378
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of glomerular capsule (CL1000450)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 249
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 408
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 1828
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 565
  • Cell Name: type A enteroendocrine cell (CL0002067)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 390
  • Cell Name: P/D1 enteroendocrine cell (CL0002268)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 356.5
  • Cell Name: promyelocyte (CL0000836)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 473
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1352.5
  • Cell Name: enteric neuron (CL0007011)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 504
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2384

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics** POLD2 is a small protein that belongs to the Y-family of DNA polymerases, which are capable of bypassing lesions on the DNA template during replication. It is a multifunctional protein that participates in various DNA processes, including: 1. **DNA replication**: POLD2 is essential for the processive synthesis of DNA on both the leading and lagging strands. 2. **DNA repair**: POLD2 is involved in the repair of DNA damage, including double-strand breaks and mismatch repair. 3. **Telomere maintenance**: POLD2 is required for the synthesis of telomeres on the lagging strand. 4. **Error-prone translesion synthesis**: POLD2 can bypass lesions on the DNA template during replication. **Pathways and Functions** POLD2 is involved in several DNA-related pathways, including: 1. **Base excision repair (BER)**: POLD2 is required for the repair of DNA damage caused by oxidative stress and alkylation. 2. **Cell cycle**: POLD2 is essential for the progression of the cell cycle, particularly during the S phase. 3. **Chromosome maintenance**: POLD2 is involved in the maintenance of chromosome stability and the prevention of chromosomal instability. 4. **DNA damage bypass**: POLD2 can bypass lesions on the DNA template during replication, allowing for the continued synthesis of DNA. 5. **Telomere elongation**: POLD2 is required for the elongation of telomeres on the lagging strand. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of POLD2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: Mutations in POLD2 have been associated with an increased risk of cancer, particularly in the context of mismatch repair deficiency. 2. **Neurodegenerative disorders**: POLD2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Genetic instability**: POLD2 plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability, and dysregulation of POLD2 can lead to genetic instability and increased cancer risk. In conclusion, POLD2 is a multifunctional protein that plays a critical role in DNA replication, repair, and maintenance. Dysregulation of POLD2 has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of this gene in maintaining genome stability and preventing disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which POLD2 regulates DNA processes and to develop therapeutic strategies to target POLD2 in the treatment of disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2107096529

Symbol: DPOD2_HUMAN

Name: DNA polymerase delta subunit 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8530069

Title: Cloning of the cDNAs for the small subunits of bovine and human DNA polymerase delta and chromosomal location of the human gene (POLD2).

PubMed ID: 8530069

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.1229

PubMed ID: 10978529

Title: Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the gene encoding the 50 kDa subunit of human DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 10978529

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00153-6

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 12690205

Title: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology.

PubMed ID: 12690205

DOI: 10.1126/science.1083423

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11328591

Title: The human homologue of fission Yeast cdc27, p66, is a component of active human DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 11328591

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002909

PubMed ID: 11593007

Title: A tumor necrosis factor alpha- and interleukin 6-inducible protein that interacts with the small subunit of DNA polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

PubMed ID: 11593007

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.221452098

PubMed ID: 12403614

Title: Reconstitution and characterization of the human DNA polymerase delta four-subunit holoenzyme.

PubMed ID: 12403614

DOI: 10.1021/bi0262707

PubMed ID: 12522211

Title: Identification of a novel protein, PDIP38, that interacts with the p50 subunit of DNA polymerase delta and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

PubMed ID: 12522211

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m208694200

PubMed ID: 15670210

Title: Human Werner helicase interacting protein 1 (WRNIP1) functions as a novel modulator for DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 15670210

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2443.2004.00812.x

PubMed ID: 16510448

Title: Functional roles of p12, the fourth subunit of human DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 16510448

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m600322200

PubMed ID: 17317665

Title: A novel DNA damage response: rapid degradation of the p12 subunit of dna polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 17317665

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m610356200

PubMed ID: 19074196

Title: DNA damage alters DNA polymerase delta to a form that exhibits increased discrimination against modified template bases and mismatched primers.

PubMed ID: 19074196

DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn1000

PubMed ID: 20334433

Title: The p12 subunit of human polymerase delta modulates the rate and fidelity of DNA synthesis.

PubMed ID: 20334433

DOI: 10.1021/bi100042b

PubMed ID: 20227374

Title: Three DNA polymerases, recruited by different mechanisms, carry out NER repair synthesis in human cells.

PubMed ID: 20227374

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.02.009

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22801543

Title: Spatiotemporal recruitment of human DNA polymerase delta to sites of UV damage.

PubMed ID: 22801543

DOI: 10.4161/cc.21280

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24035200

Title: Dynamics of enzymatic interactions during short flap human Okazaki fragment processing by two forms of human DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 24035200

DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.08.008

PubMed ID: 23913683

Title: A novel function of CRL4(Cdt2): regulation of the subunit structure of DNA polymerase delta in response to DNA damage and during the S phase.

PubMed ID: 23913683

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490466

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24449906

Title: Human Pol zeta purified with accessory subunits is active in translesion DNA synthesis and complements Pol eta in cisplatin bypass.

PubMed ID: 24449906

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1324001111

PubMed ID: 24310611

Title: Break-induced replication repair of damaged forks induces genomic duplications in human cells.

PubMed ID: 24310611

DOI: 10.1126/science.1243211

PubMed ID: 18818516

Title: X-ray structure of the complex of regulatory subunits of human DNA polymerase delta.

PubMed ID: 18818516

DOI: 10.4161/cc.7.19.6720

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 469
  • Mass: 51289
  • Checksum: 389EF730999755AC
  • Sequence:
  • MFSEQAAQRA HTLLSPPSAN NATFARVPVA TYTNSSQPFR LGERSFSRQY AHIYATRLIQ 
    MRPFLENRAQ QHWGSGVGVK KLCELQPEEK CCVVGTLFKA MPLQPSILRE VSEEHNLLPQ 
    PPRSKYIHPD DELVLEDELQ RIKLKGTIDV SKLVTGTVLA VFGSVRDDGK FLVEDYCFAD 
    LAPQKPAPPL DTDRFVLLVS GLGLGGGGGE SLLGTQLLVD VVTGQLGDEG EQCSAAHVSR 
    VILAGNLLSH STQSRDSINK AKYLTKKTQA ASVEAVKMLD EILLQLSASV PVDVMPGEFD 
    PTNYTLPQQP LHPCMFPLAT AYSTLQLVTN PYQATIDGVR FLGTSGQNVS DIFRYSSMED 
    HLEILEWTLR VRHISPTAPD TLGCYPFYKT DPFIFPECPH VYFCGNTPSF GSKIIRGPED 
    QTVLLVTVPD FSATQTACLV NLRSLACQPI SFSGFGAEDD DLGGLGLGP

Genular Protein ID: 3990650570

Symbol: A0A087WWF6_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12853948

Title: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7.

PubMed ID: 12853948

DOI: 10.1038/nature01782

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.M111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 504
  • Mass: 54695
  • Checksum: 0DD875CACF6A68BF
  • Sequence:
  • MGGAGARGLA GCGAPRVNLL GLGEAVWTKQ VRSVAMFSEQ AAQRAHTLLS PPSANNATFA 
    RVPVATYTNS SQPFRLGERS FSRQYAHIYA TRLIQMRPFL ENRAQQHWGS GVGVKKLCEL 
    QPEEKCCVVG TLFKAMPLQP SILREVSEEH NLLPQPPRSK YIHPDDELVL EDELQRIKLK 
    GTIDVSKLVT GTVLAVFGSV RDDGKFLVED YCFADLAPQK PAPPLDTDRF VLLVSGLGLG 
    GGGGESLLGT QLLVDVVTGQ LGDEGEQCSA AHVSRVILAG NLLSHSTQSR DSINKAKYLT 
    KKTQAASVEA VKMLDEILLQ LSASVPVDVM PGEFDPTNYT LPQQPLHPCM FPLATAYSTL 
    QLVTNPYQAT IDGVRFLGTS GQNVSDIFRY SSMEDHLEIL EWTLRVRHIS PTAPDTLGCY 
    PFYKTDPFIF PECPHVYFCG NTPSFGSKII RGPEDQTVLL VTVPDFSATQ TACLVNLRSL 
    ACQPISFSGF GAEDDDLGGL GLGP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.