Details for: SPINK2

Gene ID: 6691

Symbol: SPINK2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128040

Description: serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 21.6979
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 6.3662
    Cell Significance Index: 40.6400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 5.9387
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 5.1386
    Cell Significance Index: 38.8000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 4.7657
    Cell Significance Index: 127.4800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 2.6765
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.4637
    Cell Significance Index: 66.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.1696
    Cell Significance Index: 24.9100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 1.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.8470
    Cell Significance Index: 83.7900
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.7281
    Cell Significance Index: 43.7100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.6788
    Cell Significance Index: 80.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6116
    Cell Significance Index: 66.5300
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5962
    Cell Significance Index: 538.3200
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.5769
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3100
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 0.5535
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.4535
    Cell Significance Index: 73.7600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3467
    Cell Significance Index: 65.9800
  • Cell Name: centroblast (CL0009112)
    Fold Change: 0.3172
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7400
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3049
    Cell Significance Index: 21.0900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.2565
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5000
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 0.2306
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1759
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.1718
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.1147
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.1132
    Cell Significance Index: 7.3000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0298
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0189
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4300
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0067
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0204
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0236
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2400
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0279
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0314
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0342
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.0354
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0389
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0402
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0504
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0619
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0622
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7400
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: -0.0651
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0715
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0760
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0769
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0815
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0902
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0956
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0982
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0985
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0985
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.1027
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1054
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1057
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1105
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: L6 corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023042)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: -0.1123
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.1188
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: basophil mast progenitor cell (CL0002028)
    Fold Change: -0.1268
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of endometrium (CL0002255)
    Fold Change: -0.1301
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.1335
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** SPINK2 is a member of the Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor family, which is characterized by its ability to inhibit serine-type endopeptidases. The SPINK2 protein is a small, cysteine-rich protein with a molecular weight of approximately 40 kDa. It is primarily expressed in hematopoietic cells, including stem cells, progenitor cells, and mature cells such as natural killer cells and oogonial cells. SPINK2 is also found in cardiac endothelial cells, suggesting its potential role in vascular regulation. **Pathways and Functions:** SPINK2 is involved in several biological pathways, including: 1. **Acrosomal vesicle and Acrosome assembly:** SPINK2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of acrosomal vesicle formation and acrosome assembly, which is essential for sperm capacitation and fertilization. 2. **Negative regulation of serine-type endopeptidase activity:** SPINK2 inhibits the activity of serine-type endopeptidases, such as trypsin and chymotrypsin, which are involved in various cellular processes, including proteolytic degradation of proteins. 3. **Protein binding:** SPINK2 interacts with various proteins, including serine-type endopeptidases, which regulates their activity and function. 4. **Spermatid development:** SPINK2 is essential for spermatid development, as it regulates the activity of serine-type endopeptidases involved in sperm maturation. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of SPINK2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Pregnancy-related disorders:** Alterations in SPINK2 expression have been linked to pregnancy-related disorders, such as recurrent miscarriage and preterm labor. 2. **Cardiovascular diseases:** SPINK2 has been shown to regulate vascular function, and its dysregulation may contribute to cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. 3. **Cancer:** SPINK2 has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene, and its dysregulation has been linked to various types of cancer, including breast and prostate cancer. In conclusion, SPINK2 is a crucial gene that plays a significant role in regulating serine-type endopeptidase activity and is involved in various biological pathways, including acrosomal vesicle assembly, spermatid development, and protein binding. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the biological significance of SPINK2.

Genular Protein ID: 4148603935

Symbol: ISK2_HUMAN

Name: Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1704312

Title: Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding the human acrosin-trypsin inhibitor (HUSI-II).

PubMed ID: 1704312

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(91)80099-o

PubMed ID: 8428671

Title: Organization and sequence of the gene encoding the human acrosin-trypsin inhibitor (HUSI-II).

PubMed ID: 8428671

DOI: 10.1016/0378-1119(93)90138-s

PubMed ID: 20736409

Title: Systematic mapping and functional analysis of a family of human epididymal secretory sperm-located proteins.

PubMed ID: 20736409

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.001719

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 2226783

Title: Amino acid sequence elucidation of human acrosin-trypsin inhibitor (HUSI-II) reveals that Kazal-type proteinase inhibitors are structurally related to beta-subunits of glycoprotein hormones.

PubMed ID: 2226783

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81273-q

PubMed ID: 19422058

Title: Identification of trypsin-inhibitory site and structure determination of human SPINK2 serine proteinase inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 19422058

DOI: 10.1002/prot.22432

PubMed ID: 28554943

Title: SPINK2 deficiency causes infertility by inducing sperm defects in heterozygotes and azoospermia in homozygotes.

PubMed ID: 28554943

DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201607461

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 84
  • Mass: 9291
  • Checksum: E1DE1792BFB1BB85
  • Sequence:
  • MALSVLRLAL LLLAVTFAAS LIPQFGLFSK YRTPNCSQYR LPGCPRHFNP VCGSDMSTYA 
    NECTLCMKIR EGGHNIKIIR NGPC

Genular Protein ID: 3295850263

Symbol: D6RC51_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 119
  • Mass: 12455
  • Checksum: E32B1E6811C3ADFF
  • Sequence:
  • MALSVLRLAL LLLAVTFAGS ARSGPGERGP PEKSGFGSQT GGGPCPAPGG LGDASLIPQF 
    GLFSKYRTPN CSQYRLPGCP RHFNPVCGSD MSTYANECTL CMKIREGGHN IKIIRNGPC

Genular Protein ID: 557236015

Symbol: A0A087WTA9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 134
  • Mass: 14157
  • Checksum: CD3FD0EAE5136428
  • Sequence:
  • MALSVLRLAL LLLAVTFAGS ARSGPGERGP PEKSGFGSQT GGGPCPAPGG LGDGTRAPVT 
    GGSPEDLPGK VVIILKSFEM DPADGAVYRK EDGETTFTGR LDKLHFPFFS FPVFLYMRFV 
    NTHFLRAGME DSHV

Genular Protein ID: 324718842

Symbol: D6RI10_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 134
  • Mass: 13891
  • Checksum: 095E186BCFC16428
  • Sequence:
  • MALSVLRLAL LLLAVTFAGS ARSGPGERGP PEKSGFGSQT GGGPCPAPGG LGDGTRAPVT 
    GGSPEDLPAS LIPQFGLFSK YRTPNCSQYR LPGCPRHFNP VCGSDMSTYA NECTLCMKIR 
    EGGHNIKIIR NGPC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.