Details for: TGM4

Gene ID: 7047

Symbol: TGM4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000163810

Description: transglutaminase 4

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 11.6043
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 7.1360
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 0.4880
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 0.3307
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.2807
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0200
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.1683
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 0.1363
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0974
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0799
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0711
    Cell Significance Index: 8.2900
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.0673
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0329
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.0190
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: 0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1800
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0005
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0025
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0154
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: -0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0174
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0179
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0189
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0195
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0251
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0268
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0295
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0358
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.0388
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: -0.0409
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0436
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0443
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0477
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0488
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.0491
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** TGM4 is a ubiquitous gene, with significant expression in various cell types, including erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, goblet cells, intestinal crypt stem cells, and neurons. Its expression is also observed in neoplastic and abnormal cells, suggesting a potential role in tumor progression and disease. The TGM4 protein exhibits high sequence homology with other transglutaminases, indicating a conserved functional mechanism. **Pathways and Functions:** TGM4's involvement in various cellular and immunological pathways is multifaceted: 1. **Collagen Cross-Linking:** TGM4's primary function is to catalyze the cross-linking of collagen, a key component of the extracellular matrix. This process contributes to the structural integrity of tissues and influences cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. 2. **Protein-Glutamine Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activity:** TGM4's enzymatic activity involves the transfer of a gamma-glutamyl moiety from glutamine to a lysine residue, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond. This process regulates protein-protein interactions, modulating signaling pathways and cellular behavior. 3. **Exosome and Golgi Apparatus:** TGM4's expression in the Golgi apparatus and exosome suggests its involvement in protein trafficking and secretion, potentially influencing cellular communication and immune responses. **Clinical Significance:** TGM4's role in various diseases and disorders underscores its clinical significance: 1. **Autoimmune Disorders:** Altered TGM4 expression has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, suggesting its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target. 2. **Cancer Progression:** TGM4's involvement in tumor progression and metastasis highlights its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** TGM4's expression in neurons and its potential role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, warrant further investigation. 4. **Gastrointestinal Disorders:** Abnormal TGM4 expression has been linked to gastrointestinal disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, TGM4's multifaceted role in cellular and immunological processes underscores its importance as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker for various diseases. Further research is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms underlying TGM4's functions and to explore its therapeutic potential.

Genular Protein ID: 3330518426

Symbol: TGM4_HUMAN

Name: Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 4

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P49221 Q16707 Q96QN4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 9 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EC 2 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 6 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 11 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 4 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 3 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 7916568

Title: Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel transglutaminase cDNA from a human prostate cDNA library.

PubMed ID: 7916568

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.2298

PubMed ID: 8645175

Title: Tissue specific and androgen-regulated expression of human prostate-specific transglutaminase.

PubMed ID: 8645175

DOI: 10.1042/bj3150901

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 684
  • Mass: 77145
  • Checksum: 64A3E754EA46BFEC
  • Sequence:
    • MMDASKELQV LHIDFLNQDN AVSHHTWEFQ TSSPVFRRGQ VFHLRLVLNQ PLQSYHQLKL 
EFSTGPNPSI AKHTLVVLDP RTPSDHYNWQ ATLQNESGKE VTVAVTSSPN AILGKYQLNV 
KTGNHILKSE ENILYLLFNP WCKEDMVFMP DEDERKEYIL NDTGCHYVGA ARSIKCKPWN 
FGQFEKNVLD CCISLLTESS LKPTDRRDPV LVCRAMCAMM SFEKGQGVLI GNWTGDYEGG 
TAPYKWTGSA PILQQYYNTK QAVCFGQCWV FAGILTTVLR ALGIPARSVT GFDSAHDTER 
NLTVDTYVNE NGEKITSMTH DSVWNFHVWT DAWMKRPDLP KGYDGWQAVD ATPQERSQGV 
FCCGPSPLTA IRKGDIFIVY DTRFVFSEVN GDRLIWLVKM VNGQEELHVI SMETTSIGKN 
ISTKAVGQDR RRDITYEYKY PEGSSEERQV MDHAFLLLSS EREHRRPVKE NFLHMSVQSD 
DVLLGNSVNF TVILKRKTAA LQNVNILGSF ELQLYTGKKM AKLCDLNKTS QIQGQVSEVT 
LTLDSKTYIN SLAILDDEPV IRGFIIAEIV ESKEIMASEV FTSFQYPEFS IELPNTGRIG 
QLLVCNCIFK NTLAIPLTDV KFSLESLGIS SLQTSDHGTV QPGETIQSQI KCTPIKTGPK 
KFIVKLSSKQ VKEINAQKIV LITK

Genular Protein ID: 1032082111

Symbol: A0A994J576_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

A0A994J576

Database IDs:

ARBA 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 EMBL 3 Ensembl 2 GO 2 Gene3D 2 GeneTree 1 HGNC 1 InterPro 11 NCBI Taxonomy 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PIRSR 2 PROSITE 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 2 SUPFAM 3

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 729
  • Mass: 81869
  • Checksum: 7AC2082C7EDA1506
  • Sequence:
    • MMDASKELRS HFVAQAGVLW LFTAAIIAHC SLKLLGSSDS PTSVSRVTGI TELQVLHIDF 
LNQDNAVSHH TWEFQTSSPV FRRGQVFHLR LVLNQPLQSY HQLKLEFSTG PNPSIAKHTL 
VVLDPRTPSD HYNWQATLQN ESGKEVTVAV TSSPNAILGK YQLNVKTGNH ILKSEENILY 
LLFNPWCKED MVFMPDEDER KEYILNDTGC HYVGAARSIK CKPWNFGQFE KNVLDCCISL 
LTESSLKPTD RRDPVLVCRA MCAMMSFEKG QGVLIGNWTG DYEGGTAPYK WTGSAPILQQ 
YYNTKQAVCF GQCWVFAGIL TTVLRALGIP ARSVTGFDSA HDTERNLTVD TYVNENGEKI 
TSMTHDSVWN FHVWTDAWMK RPDLPKGYDG WQAVDATPQE RSQGVFCCGP SPLTAIRKGD 
IFIVYDTRFV FSEVNGDRLI WLVKMVNGQE ELHVISMETT SIGKNISTKA VGQDRRRDIT 
YEYKYPEGSS EERQVMDHAF LLLSSEREHR RPVKENFLHM SVQSDDVLLG NSVNFTVILK 
RKTAALQNVN ILGSFELQLY TGKKMAKLCD LNKTSQIQGQ VSEVTLTLDS KTYINSLAIL 
DDEPVIRGFI IAEIVESKEI MASEVFTSFQ YPEFSIELPN TGRIGQLLVC NCIFKNTLAI 
PLTDVKFSLE SLGISSLQTS DHGTVQPGET IQSQIKCTPI KTGPKKFIVK LSSKQVKEIN 
AQKIVLITK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.