Details for: TNF

Gene ID: 7124

Symbol: TNF

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000232810

Description: tumor necrosis factor

Associated with

  • Cytokine signaling in immune system
    (R-HSA-1280215)
  • Death receptor signaling
    (R-HSA-73887)
  • Developmental biology
    (R-HSA-1266738)
  • Immune system
    (R-HSA-168256)
  • Interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling
    (R-HSA-6785807)
  • Interleukin-10 signaling
    (R-HSA-6783783)
  • Regulation of tnfr1 signaling
    (R-HSA-5357905)
  • Signaling by interleukins
    (R-HSA-449147)
  • Signal transduction
    (R-HSA-162582)
  • Tnfr1-induced nf-kappa-b signaling pathway
    (R-HSA-5357956)
  • Tnfr1-induced proapoptotic signaling
    (R-HSA-5357786)
  • Tnfr1-mediated ceramide production
    (R-HSA-5626978)
  • Tnfr2 non-canonical nf-kb pathway
    (R-HSA-5668541)
  • Tnf signaling
    (R-HSA-75893)
  • Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
    (R-HSA-381340)
  • Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
    (GO:0006919)
  • Calcium-mediated signaling
    (GO:0019722)
  • Chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
    (GO:0002439)
  • Circadian rhythm
    (GO:0007623)
  • Cortical actin cytoskeleton organization
    (GO:0030866)
  • Cytokine activity
    (GO:0005125)
  • Death receptor agonist activity
    (GO:0038177)
  • Extracellular matrix organization
    (GO:0030198)
  • Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors
    (GO:0008625)
  • Glucose metabolic process
    (GO:0006006)
  • Humoral immune response
    (GO:0006959)
  • Identical protein binding
    (GO:0042802)
  • Inflammatory response
    (GO:0006954)
  • Intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to dna damage
    (GO:0008630)
  • Jnk cascade
    (GO:0007254)
  • Leukocyte migration involved in inflammatory response
    (GO:0002523)
  • Macrophage activation involved in immune response
    (GO:0002281)
  • Microglial cell activation
    (GO:0001774)
  • Negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response
    (GO:0002719)
  • Negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation
    (GO:0001937)
  • Negative regulation of gene expression
    (GO:0010629)
  • Negative regulation of heart rate
    (GO:0010459)
  • Negative regulation of interleukin-6 production
    (GO:0032715)
  • Negative regulation of l-glutamate import across plasma membrane
    (GO:0002037)
  • Negative regulation of lipid storage
    (GO:0010888)
  • Negative regulation of myelination
    (GO:0031642)
  • Negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
    (GO:0003085)
  • Negative regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0000122)
  • Osteoclast differentiation
    (GO:0030316)
  • Positive regulation of chemokine production
    (GO:0032722)
  • Positive regulation of chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus
    (GO:0002876)
  • Positive regulation of cytokine production
    (GO:0001819)
  • Positive regulation of fever generation
    (GO:0031622)
  • Positive regulation of fractalkine production
    (GO:0032724)
  • Positive regulation of gene expression
    (GO:0010628)
  • Positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion
    (GO:0034116)
  • Positive regulation of humoral immune response mediated by circulating immunoglobulin
    (GO:0002925)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
    (GO:0032731)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
    (GO:0032755)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
    (GO:0032757)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-18 production
    (GO:0032741)
  • Positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation
    (GO:0033138)
  • Positive regulation of protein-containing complex assembly
    (GO:0031334)
  • Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation
    (GO:0001934)
  • Positive regulation of type ii interferon production
    (GO:0032729)
  • Protease binding
    (GO:0002020)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of immunoglobulin production
    (GO:0002637)
  • Response to activity
    (GO:0014823)
  • Response to fructose
    (GO:0009750)
  • Response to hypoxia
    (GO:0001666)
  • Response to nutrient levels
    (GO:0031667)
  • Response to salt stress
    (GO:0009651)
  • Response to virus
    (GO:0009615)
  • Response to xenobiotic stimulus
    (GO:0009410)
  • Sequestering of triglyceride
    (GO:0030730)
  • Skeletal muscle contraction
    (GO:0003009)
  • Transcription cis-regulatory region binding
    (GO:0000976)
  • Tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
    (GO:0033209)
  • Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding
    (GO:0005164)
  • Vascular endothelial growth factor production
    (GO:0010573)

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: B-2 B cell (CL0000822)
    Fold Change: 2.08
    Marker Score: 2564
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 1.62
    Marker Score: 10363
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 540
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 885
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 837
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 849
  • Cell Name: goblet cell (CL0000160)
    Fold Change: 1.15
    Marker Score: 7633
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 4785
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 1.14
    Marker Score: 473
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30404
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell (CL0000909)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 829.5
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 495
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 449
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2409
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2623
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5321
  • Cell Name: follicular B cell (CL0000843)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 1004
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1275
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2728
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 363
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 316
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 877
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5273
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.85
    Marker Score: 29542
  • Cell Name: decidual natural killer cell, human (CL0002343)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 2248
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.81
    Marker Score: 816
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 44508
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 596
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1260
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 695
  • Cell Name: memory T cell (CL0000813)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 3087
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002324)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 3555
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 255
  • Cell Name: activated CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000896)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 516
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 584
  • Cell Name: T-helper 1 cell (CL0000545)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 270
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta cytotoxic T cell (CL0000934)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 606
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 450
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 1075
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 596
  • Cell Name: T-helper 22 cell (CL0001042)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 2594
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 1158
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 367
  • Cell Name: activated CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000906)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 411
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 443
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: mature gamma-delta T cell (CL0000800)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 1735
  • Cell Name: B-1 B cell (CL0000819)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 958
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 1423
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 480
  • Cell Name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001076)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 1566
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 1310
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 303
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle epithelial cell (CL1000909)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 329
  • Cell Name: type I NK T cell (CL0000921)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 409
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000624)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 1171
  • Cell Name: late pro-B cell (CL0002048)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 613
  • Cell Name: natural T-regulatory cell (CL0000903)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 265
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 237
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000913)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 317
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 250
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 809
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 12572
  • Cell Name: effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0001050)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 413
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 1136
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: 0.47
    Marker Score: 161
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 559
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 331
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive helper T cell (CL0000492)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: small pre-B-II cell (CL0000954)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 539
  • Cell Name: memory B cell (CL0000787)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 339
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000905)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 2664
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 248
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 1078
  • Cell Name: effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated (CL0001062)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 632
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 205.5
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: macrophage (CL0000235)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 458
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 176
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 106
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 406
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000895)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 671
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 409.5
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 231
  • Cell Name: centrocyte (CL0009111)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 91
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 159
  • Cell Name: B cell (CL0000236)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 348
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 1345
  • Cell Name: mature B cell (CL0000785)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 263
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 247
  • Cell Name: B-1b B cell (CL0000821)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 82
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 233
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 266
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 3555

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** TNF is a 156 amino acid protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family. It is characterized by its ability to induce apoptosis in various cell types, including tumor cells, immune cells, and normal cells. TNF is also known for its role in inflammation, as it can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The TNF receptor, TNFR1, is a type II transmembrane receptor that is expressed on the surface of many cell types and is capable of binding to TNF. TNF has several distinct isoforms, including TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, and lymphotoxin-alpha, each with unique biological activities. TNF-alpha is the most well-studied isoform and is involved in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. **Pathways and Functions:** TNF signaling involves the activation of the TNFR1 receptor, which triggers a cascade of intracellular signaling events that regulate various cellular processes. The TNF signaling pathway is involved in: 1. **Apoptosis:** TNF induces apoptosis in various cell types, including tumor cells, immune cells, and normal cells. 2. **Inflammation:** TNF induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which contribute to the development of inflammation. 3. **Immune Response:** TNF plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, including the activation of immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells. 4. **Cell Survival:** TNF can also regulate cell survival pathways, including the activation of anti-apoptotic proteins. 5. **Cytokine Production:** TNF induces the production of various cytokines, including TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. **Clinical Significance:** TNF is involved in various diseases, including: 1. **Rheumatoid Arthritis:** TNF-alpha is a key mediator of the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis, and blocking TNF-alpha with monoclonal antibodies has been shown to be effective in treating the disease. 2. **Multiple Sclerosis:** TNF-alpha is also involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, and blocking TNF-alpha has been shown to slow disease progression. 3. **Cancer:** TNF-alpha can induce apoptosis in tumor cells, and has been used as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment. 4. **Infectious Diseases:** TNF plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses to infections, and is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases such as tuberculosis and sepsis. In conclusion, TNF is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a critical role in the regulation of immune responses, inflammation, and cell survival. Its dysregulation is involved in various diseases, and targeting TNF with monoclonal antibodies has shown promise in treating several conditions. Further research is needed to fully understand the biology of TNF and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2576552063

Symbol: TNFA_HUMAN

Name: Tumor necrosis factor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P01375 O43647 Q9P1Q2 Q9UIV3

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 37 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 7 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 100 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 5 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 51 PDBsum 42 PIR 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 9 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3555974

Title: Tandem arrangement of genes coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) in the human genome.

PubMed ID: 3555974

DOI: 10.1101/sqb.1986.051.01.073

PubMed ID: 6392892

Title: Human tumour necrosis factor: precursor structure, expression and homology to lymphotoxin.

PubMed ID: 6392892

DOI: 10.1038/312724a0

PubMed ID: 3883195

Title: Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the gene for human tumour necrosis factor.

PubMed ID: 3883195

DOI: 10.1038/313803a0

PubMed ID: 2995927

Title: Human lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor genes: structure, homology and chromosomal localization.

PubMed ID: 2995927

DOI: 10.1093/nar/13.17.6361

PubMed ID: 3856324

Title: Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for human tumor necrosis factor.

PubMed ID: 3856324

DOI: 10.1126/science.3856324

PubMed ID: 3932069

Title: Molecular cloning and expression of human tumor necrosis factor and comparison with mouse tumor necrosis factor.

PubMed ID: 3932069

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09226.x

PubMed ID: 8499947

Title: Dense Alu clustering and a potential new member of the NF kappa B family within a 90 kilobase HLA class III segment.

PubMed ID: 8499947

DOI: 10.1038/ng0293-137

PubMed ID: 10202016

Title: A new member of the Ig superfamily and a V-ATPase G subunit are among the predicted products of novel genes close to the TNF locus in the human MHC.

PubMed ID: 10202016

PubMed ID: 14656967

Title: Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse.

PubMed ID: 14656967

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1736803

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8631363

Title: O-glycosylated species of natural human tumor-necrosis factor-alpha.

PubMed ID: 8631363

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.00431.x

PubMed ID: 8597870

Title: Phosphorylation of the 26 kDa TNF precursor in monocytic cells and in transfected HeLa cells.

PubMed ID: 8597870

PubMed ID: 10205166

Title: A casein kinase I motif present in the cytoplasmic domain of members of the tumour necrosis factor ligand family is implicated in 'reverse signalling'.

PubMed ID: 10205166

DOI: 10.1093/emboj/18.8.2119

PubMed ID: 2009860

Title: Localization of the active site of human tumour necrosis factor (hTNF) by mutational analysis.

PubMed ID: 2009860

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb08015.x

PubMed ID: 1402651

Title: Myristyl acylation of the tumor necrosis factor alpha precursor on specific lysine residues.

PubMed ID: 1402651

DOI: 10.1084/jem.176.4.1053

PubMed ID: 9034191

Title: Cloning of a disintegrin metalloproteinase that processes precursor tumour-necrosis factor-alpha.

PubMed ID: 9034191

DOI: 10.1038/385733a0

PubMed ID: 10369255

Title: A polymorphism that affects OCT-1 binding to the TNF promoter region is associated with severe malaria.

PubMed ID: 10369255

DOI: 10.1038/9649

PubMed ID: 12746914

Title: Cytokine gene polymorphisms: association with psoriatic arthritis susceptibility and severity.

PubMed ID: 12746914

DOI: 10.1002/art.10935

PubMed ID: 12794819

Title: Anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody therapy reduces vascular endothelial growth factor production in rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed ID: 12794819

DOI: 10.1002/art.11143

PubMed ID: 12915457

Title: Association of TNF-alpha promoter polymorphisms with the clearance of hepatitis B virus infection.

PubMed ID: 12915457

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddg262

PubMed ID: 16829952

Title: SPPL2a and SPPL2b promote intramembrane proteolysis of TNFalpha in activated dendritic cells to trigger IL-12 production.

PubMed ID: 16829952

DOI: 10.1038/ncb1440

PubMed ID: 16829951

Title: A gamma-secretase-like intramembrane cleavage of TNFalpha by the GxGD aspartyl protease SPPL2b.

PubMed ID: 16829951

DOI: 10.1038/ncb1450

PubMed ID: 22517918

Title: Smac mimetic enables the anticancer action of BCG-stimulated neutrophils through TNF-alpha but not through TRAIL and FasL.

PubMed ID: 22517918

DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1211623

PubMed ID: 23552949

Title: SIRT6 regulates TNF-alpha secretion through hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl lysine.

PubMed ID: 23552949

DOI: 10.1038/nature12038

PubMed ID: 23396208

Title: Phosphorylation of FOXP3 controls regulatory T cell function and is inhibited by TNF-alpha in rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed ID: 23396208

DOI: 10.1038/nm.3085

PubMed ID: 2922050

Title: Structure of tumour necrosis factor.

PubMed ID: 2922050

DOI: 10.1038/338225a0

PubMed ID: 1964681

Title: The structure of tumour necrosis factor -- implications for biological function.

PubMed ID: 1964681

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.1990.supplement_13.3

PubMed ID: 2551905

Title: The structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha at 2.6-A resolution. Implications for receptor binding.

PubMed ID: 2551905

DOI: 10.2210/pdb1tnf/pdb

PubMed ID: 9488135

Title: Crystal structure of TNF-alpha mutant R31D with greater affinity for receptor R1 compared with R2.

PubMed ID: 9488135

DOI: 10.1093/protein/10.10.1101

PubMed ID: 9442056

Title: High resolution crystal structure of a human tumor necrosis factor-alpha mutant with low systemic toxicity.

PubMed ID: 9442056

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.4.2153

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 233
  • Mass: 25644
  • Checksum: 3DF90F96C9031FFE
  • Sequence:
    • MSTESMIRDV ELAEEALPKK TGGPQGSRRC LFLSLFSFLI VAGATTLFCL LHFGVIGPQR 
EEFPRDLSLI SPLAQAVRSS SRTPSDKPVA HVVANPQAEG QLQWLNRRAN ALLANGVELR 
DNQLVVPSEG LYLIYSQVLF KGQGCPSTHV LLTHTISRIA VSYQTKVNLL SAIKSPCQRE 
TPEGAEAKPW YEPIYLGGVF QLEKGDRLSA EINRPDYLDF AESGQVYFGI IAL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.