Details for: TRH

Gene ID: 7200

Symbol: TRH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000170893

Description: thyrotropin releasing hormone

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 31.6307
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 12.2613
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1100
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 9.5260
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8700
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 4.0744
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 3.9823
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000123)
    Fold Change: 3.9657
    Cell Significance Index: 44.0300
  • Cell Name: granule cell (CL0000120)
    Fold Change: 2.9777
    Cell Significance Index: 33.9000
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 1.1683
    Cell Significance Index: 31.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.8470
    Cell Significance Index: 47.5300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.7500
    Cell Significance Index: 148.8500
  • Cell Name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell (CL2000046)
    Fold Change: 0.6800
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0100
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.6512
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2600
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.6186
    Cell Significance Index: 32.4800
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.5644
    Cell Significance Index: 7.0000
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.5549
    Cell Significance Index: 8.5900
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 0.3211
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.2804
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0900
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.2488
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.2410
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1300
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.1855
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4300
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.1381
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 0.0806
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 0.0505
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: 0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0700
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8900
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: stellate neuron (CL0000122)
    Fold Change: -0.0216
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0254
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2300
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7800
  • Cell Name: retinal astrocyte (CL4033015)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0390
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: -0.0471
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0481
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2100
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0492
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0515
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9000
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.0537
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0562
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0621
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0751
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0791
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.0845
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0849
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0896
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0944
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1019
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7500
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.1030
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: neuronal brush cell (CL0000555)
    Fold Change: -0.1078
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1114
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: -0.1138
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1148
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0800
  • Cell Name: macroglial cell (CL0000126)
    Fold Change: -0.1313
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1316
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.1338
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1376
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1384
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1393
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8800
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.1402
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1414
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6300
  • Cell Name: amacrine cell (CL0000561)
    Fold Change: -0.1421
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7800
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: -0.1427
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1800
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1493
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1536
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell (CL0000837)
    Fold Change: -0.1549
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.1581
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0000
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: -0.1583
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1616
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.1628
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1699
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4100
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.1717
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
    Fold Change: -0.1753
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1788
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4400
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.1798
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1846
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6100
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1869
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Structure and Function:** TRH is a 27-amino acid peptide hormone, consisting of three disulfide-linked cysteine residues. It is synthesized by the hypothalamic neurons and released in response to various stimuli, including changes in thyroid hormone levels and neural activity. 2. **Cellular Expression:** TRH is expressed in a wide range of cells, including neurons, thymocytes, and epithelial cells, highlighting its diverse roles in the body. 3. **Receptor Binding:** TRH binds to specific receptors, primarily G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which activate various signaling pathways. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Activity:** TRH stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn regulates thyroid hormone production. 2. **Neurotransmission:** TRH modulates neural signaling, influencing behaviors such as eating, drinking, and sleep-wake cycles. 3. **GABA and Glutamate Regulation:** TRH has been shown to regulate the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, two major neurotransmitters involved in neural excitability and synaptic plasticity. 4. **Insulin Secretion:** TRH has been implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Thyroid Disorders:** TRH dysregulation has been associated with various thyroid disorders, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. 2. **Neurological Conditions:** TRH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and depression. 3. **Cancer and Inflammation:** TRH has been shown to regulate the growth and survival of cancer cells and modulate inflammatory responses. 4. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** TRH has been implicated in the regulation of neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In conclusion, TRH is a multifaceted neurohormone that plays a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including endocrine function, behavior, and neural signaling. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various clinical conditions, highlighting the importance of understanding TRH's mechanisms of action and its role in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 71059553

Symbol: TRH_HUMAN

Name: Pro-thyrotropin-releasing hormone

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P20396 B2R8R1 Q2TB83

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2126343

Title: Cloning and structure of human genomic DNA and hypothalamic cDNA encoding human prepro thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

PubMed ID: 2126343

DOI: 10.1210/mend-4-4-551

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 19825978

Title: Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH): a new player in human hair-growth control.

PubMed ID: 19825978

DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-126417

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 242
  • Mass: 27404
  • Checksum: 8C0F9D915B32F29F
  • Sequence:
    • MPGPWLLLAL ALTLNLTGVP GGRAQPEAAQ QEAVTAAEHP GLDDFLRQVE RLLFLRENIQ 
RLQGDQGEHS ASQIFQSDWL SKRQHPGKRE EEEEEGVEEE EEEEGGAVGP HKRQHPGRRE 
DEASWSVDVT QHKRQHPGRR SPWLAYAVPK RQHPGRRLAD PKAQRSWEEE EEEEEREEDL 
MPEKRQHPGK RALGGPCGPQ GAYGQAGLLL GLLDDLSRSQ GAEEKRQHPG RRAAWVREPL 
EE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.