Details for: ACOX2

Gene ID: 8309

Symbol: ACOX2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168306

Description: acyl-CoA oxidase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 31.5009
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9900
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 19.1012
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7600
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 18.6180
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 8.1488
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7800
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 6.8534
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4500
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 4.6033
    Cell Significance Index: 77.4300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 3.3895
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0800
  • Cell Name: sebaceous gland cell (CL2000021)
    Fold Change: 2.5120
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.1439
    Cell Significance Index: -8.4600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.0837
    Cell Significance Index: 65.0600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 1.0261
    Cell Significance Index: 29.5700
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.8433
    Cell Significance Index: 18.0300
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.6771
    Cell Significance Index: 73.6500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6496
    Cell Significance Index: 128.9200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6086
    Cell Significance Index: 60.2000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6015
    Cell Significance Index: 543.0900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5521
    Cell Significance Index: 105.0600
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.4167
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.4020
    Cell Significance Index: 8.7100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.3718
    Cell Significance Index: 25.7100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3608
    Cell Significance Index: 58.6800
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.3464
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.3158
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.2931
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.2654
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.2559
    Cell Significance Index: 19.6400
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.2152
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.2076
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.1863
    Cell Significance Index: 9.4200
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.1798
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8300
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1757
    Cell Significance Index: 22.5300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1427
    Cell Significance Index: 98.6900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7800
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: 0.1068
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.0726
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0427
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: 25.3700
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0308
    Cell Significance Index: 6.1800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0221
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: 38.1400
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0103
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: 17.4900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: 0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9700
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0155
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0187
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0378
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0463
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0558
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0659
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0720
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0759
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0763
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0769
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0989
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.1007
    Cell Significance Index: -6.1900
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.1024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.1073
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1076
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1168
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8600
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: -0.1214
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2900
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1365
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6600
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.1390
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1400
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1408
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1443
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1447
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1569
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9400
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.1593
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7300
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.1609
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.1704
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: -0.1753
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1796
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1830
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzyme Function:** ACOX2 is a peroxisomal enzyme responsible for the beta-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, which are essential for energy production and lipid metabolism. 2. **Substrate Specificity:** ACOX2 exhibits specificity for substrates with a 20- to 24-carbon chain length, making it a key player in the metabolism of long-chain fatty acids. 3. **Expression Patterns:** ACOX2 is highly expressed in tissues involved in lipid metabolism, such as the liver, kidney, and brain, as well as in cells involved in bile acid synthesis, like the absorptive cells of the colon. 4. **Protein Structure:** ACOX2 is a homodimeric enzyme, consisting of two identical subunits, which are arranged in a specific manner to facilitate substrate binding and catalysis. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **Beta-Oxidation of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids:** ACOX2 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the beta-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids, which is essential for energy production, lipid metabolism, and the synthesis of bile acids and bile salts. 2. **Bile Acid and Bile Salt Synthesis:** ACOX2 plays a critical role in the synthesis of bile acids and bile salts, which are essential for lipid digestion, absorption, and transport. 3. **Lipid Homeostasis:** ACOX2 helps maintain lipid homeostasis by regulating the metabolism of fatty acids, which in turn influences energy balance and overall health. 4. **Metabolic Regulation:** ACOX2 is involved in the regulation of metabolic pathways, including the metabolism of steroids and very long-chain fatty acids, which are essential for various physiological processes. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Bile Acid Disorders:** ACOX2 mutations have been associated with bile acid disorders, such as primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, highlighting the enzyme's critical role in liver function and bile acid synthesis. 2. **Metabolic Disorders:** ACOX2 dysfunction has been linked to metabolic disorders, such as obesity and insulin resistance, underscoring the enzyme's importance in regulating lipid metabolism and energy balance. 3. **Cancer and Neurological Disorders:** ACOX2 has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including colorectal cancer, and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, highlighting the enzyme's potential as a therapeutic target. 4. **Pharmacological Applications:** ACOX2 inhibitors have been explored as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and for the prevention of bile acid-related diseases. In conclusion, ACOX2 is a critical enzyme involved in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and bile acid synthesis, playing a pivotal role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and energy balance. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions and clinical significance of ACOX2, but its importance in various metabolic and pathological processes is increasingly recognized.

Genular Protein ID: 3503799894

Symbol: ACOX2_HUMAN

Name: 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q99424 A6NF16 B2R8U5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 10 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 1 EMBL 13 Ensembl 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 14 Gene3D 3 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 7 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 2 Rhea 4 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8943006

Title: Molecular characterization of the human peroxisomal branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase: cDNA cloning, chromosomal assignment, tissue distribution, and evidence for the absence of the protein in Zellweger's syndrome.

PubMed ID: 8943006

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13748

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16641997

Title: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3.

PubMed ID: 16641997

DOI: 10.1038/nature04728

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 27647924

Title: ACOX2 deficiency: A disorder of bile acid synthesis with transaminase elevation, liver fibrosis, ataxia, and cognitive impairment.

PubMed ID: 27647924

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1613228113

PubMed ID: 27884763

Title: ACOX2 deficiency: An inborn error of bile acid synthesis identified in an adolescent with persistent hypertransaminasemia.

PubMed ID: 27884763

DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.11.005

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 681
  • Mass: 76827
  • Checksum: 7FAE9236FCBE6D4D
  • Sequence:
    • MGSPVHRVSL GDTWSRQMHP DIESERYMQS FDVERLTNIL DGGAQNTALR RKVESIIHSY 
PEFSCKDNYF MTQNERYKAA MRRAFHIRLI ARRLGWLEDG RELGYAYRAL SGDVALNIHR 
VFVRALRSLG SEEQIAKWDP LCKNIQIIAT YAQTELGHGT YLQGLETEAT YDAATQEFVI 
HSPTLTATKW WPGDLGRSAT HALVQAQLIC SGARRGMHAF IVPIRSLQDH TPLPGIIIGD 
IGPKMDFDQT DNGFLQLNHV RVPRENMLSR FAQVLPDGTY VKLGTAQSNY LPMVVVRVEL 
LSGEILPILQ KACVIAMRYS VIRRQSRLRP SDPEAKVLDY QTQQQKLFPQ LAISYAFHFL 
AVSLLEFFQH SYTAILNQDF SFLPELHALS TGMKAMMSEF CTQGAEMCRR ACGGHGYSKL 
SGLPSLVTKL SASCTYEGEN TVLYLQVARF LVKSYLQTQM SPGSTPQRSL SPSVAYLTAP 
DLARCPAQRA ADFLCPELYT TAWAHVAVRL IKDSVQHLQT LTQSGADQHE AWNQTTVIHL 
QAAKVHCYYV TVKGFTEALE KLENEPAIQQ VLKRLCDLHA IHGILTNSGD FLHDAFLSGA 
QVDMARTAYL DLLRLIRKDA ILLTDAFDFT DQCLNSALGC YDGNVYERLF QWAQKSPTNT 
QENPAYEEYI RPLLQSWRSK L

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.