Details for: PARG

Gene ID: 8505

Symbol: PARG

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000227345

Description: poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 230.8010
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 142.4441
    Cell Significance Index: -36.1300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 79.4179
    Cell Significance Index: -37.5000
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 71.6049
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0900
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 67.0315
    Cell Significance Index: -34.4800
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 30.4794
    Cell Significance Index: -29.1000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 29.5550
    Cell Significance Index: -36.4400
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 12.9645
    Cell Significance Index: -34.7300
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 9.5998
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 9.3739
    Cell Significance Index: -36.9900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 2.4945
    Cell Significance Index: 495.0500
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 1.6328
    Cell Significance Index: 61.8300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 1.6135
    Cell Significance Index: 71.3700
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 1.5548
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.4864
    Cell Significance Index: 298.1700
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 1.4536
    Cell Significance Index: 34.8600
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.3140
    Cell Significance Index: 129.9900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 1.2518
    Cell Significance Index: 76.9400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 1.1354
    Cell Significance Index: 63.7200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 1.1254
    Cell Significance Index: 31.4500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.0405
    Cell Significance Index: 939.5400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 1.0373
    Cell Significance Index: 69.7500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.9378
    Cell Significance Index: 71.9700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.8647
    Cell Significance Index: 310.1500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.8385
    Cell Significance Index: 24.1600
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.8068
    Cell Significance Index: 10.1600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.7725
    Cell Significance Index: 84.0300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.7603
    Cell Significance Index: 45.6500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.6659
    Cell Significance Index: 108.3100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.6427
    Cell Significance Index: 29.1300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.6291
    Cell Significance Index: 435.0900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5973
    Cell Significance Index: 12.9400
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.5898
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.5785
    Cell Significance Index: 16.5100
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.5669
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7400
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of prostatic duct (CL0002236)
    Fold Change: 0.4010
    Cell Significance Index: 3.5600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2964
    Cell Significance Index: 53.4400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2699
    Cell Significance Index: 147.3900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.2230
    Cell Significance Index: 343.3500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.2102
    Cell Significance Index: 387.7300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.1973
    Cell Significance Index: 371.5300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.1567
    Cell Significance Index: 213.0600
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1518
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1321
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.1052
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.1028
    Cell Significance Index: 46.6400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0971
    Cell Significance Index: 42.9500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0786
    Cell Significance Index: 49.8900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0581
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6600
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2900
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0249
    Cell Significance Index: -18.2600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0281
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: -0.0419
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0451
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -34.6700
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0637
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: -0.0768
    Cell Significance Index: -14.6100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0883
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1075
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.1078
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1121
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2900
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1250
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9800
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1476
    Cell Significance Index: -18.9300
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1854
    Cell Significance Index: -19.3000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.1933
    Cell Significance Index: -19.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.2030
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6600
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.2125
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2346
    Cell Significance Index: -26.8800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.2348
    Cell Significance Index: -30.3300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2384
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4200
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.2484
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1900
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.2617
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2737
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.2753
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.2912
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.3177
    Cell Significance Index: -36.2600
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.3660
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3661
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3771
    Cell Significance Index: -29.8700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.3799
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.3834
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.4005
    Cell Significance Index: -29.8500
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.4079
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: -0.4441
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: -0.4483
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.5002
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2600
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.5028
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5301
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2500
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.5514
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.5541
    Cell Significance Index: -18.1400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** PARG is a glycohydrolase enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) chains, which are formed by the action of PARPs. The enzyme is characterized by its ability to recognize and degrade specific poly(ADP-ribose) motifs, including those generated by PARP1 and PARP2. PARG is also known for its involvement in the resolution of abasic sites (ap sites) and the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway, which are crucial steps in the base excision repair (BER) process. **Pathways and Functions** PARG is involved in several cellular pathways, including: 1. **Base Excision Repair (BER)**: PARG plays a key role in the resolution of ap sites and the multiple-nucleotide patch replacement pathway, which are essential steps in the BER process. 2. **DNA Repair**: PARG is involved in the repair of DNA damage, including the degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) chains generated by PARPs. 3. **Epigenetic Regulation**: PARG is involved in the regulation of epigenetic marks, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. 4. **Metabolic Processes**: PARG is also involved in metabolic processes, including the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and nucleotide-sugar metabolism. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of PARG has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative Disorders**: PARG has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 2. **Cancer**: PARG has been implicated in cancer development and progression, including the regulation of DNA repair and epigenetic marks. 3. **Cardiovascular Disease**: PARG has been shown to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including the regulation of cardiac myocyte function and survival. 4. **Neuromuscular Disorders**: PARG has been implicated in neuromuscular disorders, including the regulation of muscle function and survival. In conclusion, PARG is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability and cellular homeostasis. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the need for further research into its role in human health and disease.

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.