Details for: DRD2

Gene ID: 1813

Symbol: DRD2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000149295

Description: dopamine receptor D2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 8.2216
    Cell Significance Index: 288.9000
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 4.9102
    Cell Significance Index: 217.1900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.7457
    Cell Significance Index: 37.8200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 1.0920
    Cell Significance Index: 34.9800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.9757
    Cell Significance Index: 185.6800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.8826
    Cell Significance Index: 46.3400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.7147
    Cell Significance Index: 70.7000
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.5948
    Cell Significance Index: 537.1000
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.3907
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3724
    Cell Significance Index: 7.9300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3713
    Cell Significance Index: 60.4000
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3430
    Cell Significance Index: 37.3100
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.3075
    Cell Significance Index: 212.6700
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1801
    Cell Significance Index: 12.4600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1669
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.1466
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0842
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8900
  • Cell Name: retina horizontal cell (CL0000745)
    Fold Change: 0.0729
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic amacrine cell (CL4030028)
    Fold Change: 0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2500
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: 5.8200
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0158
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0118
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0083
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0023
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8500
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0197
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0207
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5400
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: -0.0280
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0327
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0331
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0351
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0381
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0452
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6200
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0474
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0498
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0584
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0675
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0675
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0694
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0706
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0742
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.0757
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0600
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0823
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0829
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0836
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0836
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0862
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0926
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9300
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: -0.0940
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0953
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5000
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0996
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1028
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: H1 horizontal cell (CL0004217)
    Fold Change: -0.1038
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.1047
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: L5 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030064)
    Fold Change: -0.1047
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.1078
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.1108
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1119
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8000
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.1208
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.1230
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.1253
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6600
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1254
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7100
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: -0.1302
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.1334
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.1342
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: L6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron of the primary motor cortex (CL4023050)
    Fold Change: -0.1349
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.1377
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1384
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.1388
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9100
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1422
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR):** The DRD2 receptor belongs to the class A/1 (rhodopsin-like receptors) and is coupled via G proteins to activate various downstream signaling pathways. 2. **Dopamine binding:** The DRD2 receptor is a high-affinity dopamine receptor, which means it is highly specific for dopamine and is involved in the regulation of dopamine-mediated signaling. 3. **Antagonist and agonist regulation:** The DRD2 receptor is negatively regulated by dopamine, and its activity is modulated by various antagonists and agonists, including cocaine and ethanol. 4. **Signaling pathways:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in a wide range of signaling pathways, including adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway, G-protein alpha-subunit binding, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction. **Pathways and Functions:** The DRD2 receptor plays a critical role in various physiological and psychological processes, including: 1. **Motor control:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in the regulation of locomotory behavior, walking behavior, and movement. 2. **Cognitive functions:** The DRD2 receptor is implicated in attention, learning, and memory, particularly in the context of dopamine dysregulation. 3. **Emotional regulation:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in the regulation of emotional responses, including those related to stress, anxiety, and motivation. 4. **Neuroprotection:** The DRD2 receptor has been shown to have neuroprotective effects, particularly in the context of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. 5. **Metabolic regulation:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as energy homeostasis. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of the DRD2 receptor has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders, including: 1. **Parkinson's disease:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in the regulation of dopamine production, and its dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. 2. **Schizophrenia:** The DRD2 receptor is implicated in the regulation of cognitive and emotional processes, and its dysregulation is thought to contribute to the development of schizophrenia. 3. **Addiction:** The DRD2 receptor is involved in the regulation of reward and motivation, and its dysregulation is thought to contribute to the development of addiction. 4. **Mood disorders:** The DRD2 receptor is implicated in the regulation of mood and emotional responses, and its dysregulation is thought to contribute to the development of mood disorders, such as depression. In conclusion, the DRD2 gene encodes a critical component of the dopamine system, and its dysregulation has significant implications for human health and disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the complexities of DRD2 signaling and its role in various physiological and pathological processes.

Genular Protein ID: 127472768

Symbol: DRD2_HUMAN

Name: D(2) dopamine receptor

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2533064

Title: The major dopamine D2 receptor: molecular analysis of the human D2A subtype.

PubMed ID: 2533064

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.683

PubMed ID: 2531656

Title: The dopamine D2 receptor: two molecular forms generated by alternative splicing.

PubMed ID: 2531656

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08585.x

PubMed ID: 2138729

Title: Human retina D2 receptor cDNAs have multiple polyadenylation sites and differ from a pituitary clone at the 5' non-coding region.

PubMed ID: 2138729

DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.5.1299

PubMed ID: 2532362

Title: Cloning of the cDNA and gene for a human D2 dopamine receptor.

PubMed ID: 2532362

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.24.9762

PubMed ID: 2137193

Title: Molecular cloning and expression of a dopamine D2 receptor from human retina.

PubMed ID: 2137193

PubMed ID: 2144985

Title: DNA homology screening: isolation and characterization of the human D2A dopamine receptor subtype.

PubMed ID: 2144985

PubMed ID: 1363862

Title: Structure and expression of human and rat D2 dopamine receptor genes.

PubMed ID: 1363862

DOI: 10.1016/0197-0186(92)90071-x

PubMed ID: 1835903

Title: D2 dopamine receptors in the human retina: cloning of cDNA and localization of mRNA.

PubMed ID: 1835903

DOI: 10.1007/bf00734808

PubMed ID: 8471125

Title: Schizophrenia: normal sequence in the dopamine D2 receptor region that couples to G-proteins. DNA polymorphisms in D2.

PubMed ID: 8471125

DOI: 10.1038/npp.1993.15

PubMed ID: 10719223

Title: New dopamine receptor, D2(Longer), with unique TG splice site, in human brain.

PubMed ID: 10719223

DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(99)00343-5

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15857609

Title: Regulation of dense core vesicle release from PC12 cells by interaction between the D2 dopamine receptor and calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CAPS).

PubMed ID: 15857609

DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.02.015

PubMed ID: 17550964

Title: Role of a Galphai2 protein splice variant in the formation of an intracellular dopamine D2 receptor pool.

PubMed ID: 17550964

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.005611

PubMed ID: 21184734

Title: Dopamine D2 and D4 receptor heteromerization and its allosteric receptor-receptor interactions.

PubMed ID: 21184734

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.083

PubMed ID: 21645528

Title: Functional crosstalk and heteromerization of serotonin 5-HT2A and dopamine D2 receptors.

PubMed ID: 21645528

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.05.023

PubMed ID: 17264214

Title: Structural basis for nucleotide exchange on G alpha i subunits and receptor coupling specificity.

PubMed ID: 17264214

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608599104

PubMed ID: 22408789

Title:

PubMed ID: 22408789

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200173109

PubMed ID: 26535572

Title: Effect of C-Terminal S-Palmitoylation on D2 Dopamine Receptor Trafficking and Stability.

PubMed ID: 26535572

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140661

PubMed ID: 25979333

Title: Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Binds the D2 Dopamine Receptor and G-protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 1 (GRK1) Peptides Using Different Modes of Interactions.

PubMed ID: 25979333

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.627059

PubMed ID: 29466326

Title: Structure of the D2 dopamine receptor bound to the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone.

PubMed ID: 29466326

DOI: 10.1038/nature25758

PubMed ID: 7902708

Title: A structural polymorphism of human dopamine D2 receptor, D2(Ser311->Cys).

PubMed ID: 7902708

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2404

PubMed ID: 10220438

Title: Association of a missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor with myoclonus dystonia.

PubMed ID: 10220438

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.9.5173

PubMed ID: 15389757

Title: Association of the -141C Del variant of the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) with positive family history and suicidality in German alcoholics.

PubMed ID: 15389757

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30085

PubMed ID: 10716258

Title: Evaluation of the role of the D2 dopamine receptor in myoclonus dystonia.

PubMed ID: 10716258

DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200003)47:3<369::aid-ana14>3.3.co;2-0

PubMed ID: 21179162

Title: A population-specific HTR2B stop codon predisposes to severe impulsivity.

PubMed ID: 21179162

DOI: 10.1038/nature09629

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 443
  • Mass: 50619
  • Checksum: 9BF8EA36C988A2E2
  • Sequence:
  • MDPLNLSWYD DDLERQNWSR PFNGSDGKAD RPHYNYYATL LTLLIAVIVF GNVLVCMAVS 
    REKALQTTTN YLIVSLAVAD LLVATLVMPW VVYLEVVGEW KFSRIHCDIF VTLDVMMCTA 
    SILNLCAISI DRYTAVAMPM LYNTRYSSKR RVTVMISIVW VLSFTISCPL LFGLNNADQN 
    ECIIANPAFV VYSSIVSFYV PFIVTLLVYI KIYIVLRRRR KRVNTKRSSR AFRAHLRAPL 
    KGNCTHPEDM KLCTVIMKSN GSFPVNRRRV EAARRAQELE MEMLSSTSPP ERTRYSPIPP 
    SHHQLTLPDP SHHGLHSTPD SPAKPEKNGH AKDHPKIAKI FEIQTMPNGK TRTSLKTMSR 
    RKLSQQKEKK ATQMLAIVLG VFIICWLPFF ITHILNIHCD CNIPPVLYSA FTWLGYVNSA 
    VNPIIYTTFN IEFRKAFLKI LHC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.