Details for: GLRX

Gene ID: 2745

Symbol: GLRX

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173221

Description: glutaredoxin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 198.9936
    Cell Significance Index: -30.9500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 111.7317
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3400
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 109.2857
    Cell Significance Index: -45.0200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 106.6935
    Cell Significance Index: -43.3500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 97.1358
    Cell Significance Index: -45.8600
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 92.4113
    Cell Significance Index: -47.5400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 68.4627
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 45.8815
    Cell Significance Index: -43.8100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 33.1966
    Cell Significance Index: -40.9300
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 13.4087
    Cell Significance Index: -35.9200
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 12.6520
    Cell Significance Index: -38.8600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 11.1504
    Cell Significance Index: -44.0000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 8.5717
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7600
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 5.5268
    Cell Significance Index: 102.1500
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 4.0744
    Cell Significance Index: 43.2900
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: 4.0601
    Cell Significance Index: 65.5100
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 3.1889
    Cell Significance Index: 205.7300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2.0717
    Cell Significance Index: 96.5900
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 2.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 58.8200
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 1.9548
    Cell Significance Index: 47.7000
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.8704
    Cell Significance Index: 112.2900
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 1.8090
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2400
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 1.7670
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.5694
    Cell Significance Index: 73.7600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.5569
    Cell Significance Index: 169.3500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.3558
    Cell Significance Index: 36.3300
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 1.3081
    Cell Significance Index: 25.5300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 1.2531
    Cell Significance Index: 33.4600
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.1445
    Cell Significance Index: 206.3200
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.0882
    Cell Significance Index: 128.3400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.9666
    Cell Significance Index: 118.8600
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.9301
    Cell Significance Index: 184.5800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5375
    Cell Significance Index: 293.5300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.5199
    Cell Significance Index: 39.9000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.4960
    Cell Significance Index: 39.2800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.4784
    Cell Significance Index: 61.8000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.4029
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3693
    Cell Significance Index: 70.2800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.3495
    Cell Significance Index: 34.5700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.3428
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.2871
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.2859
    Cell Significance Index: 17.5700
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.2784
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6900
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.2661
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.2575
    Cell Significance Index: 51.6500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.2542
    Cell Significance Index: 186.3600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.2145
    Cell Significance Index: 29.4600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1359
    Cell Significance Index: 9.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.1094
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8000
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.0988
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0950
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0663
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: 30.2900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: 19.8700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0076
    Cell Significance Index: 5.7700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: 9.0400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0077
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0289
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9400
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0473
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -33.1500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0527
    Cell Significance Index: -29.7400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1090
    Cell Significance Index: -22.9600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1164
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1182
    Cell Significance Index: -34.0200
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1411
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.1503
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8400
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1576
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1873
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.1903
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2183
    Cell Significance Index: -24.9200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.2265
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2338
    Cell Significance Index: -26.7800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.2348
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8700
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2940
    Cell Significance Index: -42.7300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.3040
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0600
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.3716
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.3975
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.3992
    Cell Significance Index: -41.5700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.4060
    Cell Significance Index: -22.7800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.4366
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.4632
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.5394
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.5643
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.5990
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.6491
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.6773
    Cell Significance Index: -29.9600
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.6810
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7400
  • Cell Name: colonocyte (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: -0.7104
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.7328
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.7410
    Cell Significance Index: -45.4300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.7573
    Cell Significance Index: -47.7300
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.7720
    Cell Significance Index: -29.2400

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GLRX is a small, cytosolic protein that belongs to the glutaredoxin family of enzymes. It is characterized by its ability to reduce glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH), a process essential for maintaining the cellular redox state. GLRX is also implicated in various cellular processes, including the regulation of membrane potential, protein binding, and the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates. **Pathways and Functions:** The GLRX gene is involved in several critical cellular pathways, including: 1. **Glutathione metabolism**: GLRX plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance between glutathione and glutathione disulfide, which is essential for protecting cells from oxidative stress. 2. **Antioxidant defense**: GLRX acts as an antioxidant enzyme, neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining the cellular redox state. 3. **Protein regulation**: GLRX regulates protein function and stability by reducing disulfide bonds, which is essential for proper protein folding and function. 4. **Nucleotide metabolism**: GLRX is involved in the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates, which is crucial for DNA and RNA synthesis. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** GLRX is highly expressed in various cell types, including: 1. **Immune cells**: GLRX is expressed in CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocytes and professional antigen-presenting cells, highlighting its role in immune function. 2. **Antigen-presenting cells**: GLRX is also expressed in alveolar macrophages, blood cells, and epithelial cells of the proximal tubule, emphasizing its importance in immune surveillance. 3. **Cancer cells**: GLRX is expressed in early pro-B cells, suggesting its potential role in cancer development and progression. **Clinical Significance:** The GLRX gene has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders**: GLRX has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, highlighting its role in immune regulation. 2. **Cancer**: GLRX has been shown to be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GLRX has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, highlighting its role in maintaining cellular redox balance. In conclusion, the GLRX gene plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox balance, regulating protein function, and modulating immune responses. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functional significance of GLRX in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 2979931115

Symbol: GLRX1_HUMAN

Name: Glutaredoxin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P35754 B2R4L2 Q3KQS1 Q6ICT1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 15 Ensembl 5 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 4 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8018729

Title: Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 8018729

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90019-1

PubMed ID: 7851394

Title: Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 7851394

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20356.x

PubMed ID: 8645179

Title: Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 8645179

DOI: 10.1042/bj3150931

PubMed ID: 9332366

Title: The human glutaredoxin gene: determination of its organization, transcription start point, and promoter analysis.

PubMed ID: 9332366

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00262-x

PubMed ID: 11222536

Title: Human lens thioltransferase: cloning, purification, and function.

PubMed ID: 11222536

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8019414

Title: The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells.

PubMed ID: 8019414

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560030307

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9677297

Title: The NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form.

PubMed ID: 9677297

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1913

PubMed ID: 9860827

Title: Reactivity of the human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) C7S, C25S, C78S, C82S mutant and NMR solution structure of its glutathionyl mixed disulfide intermediate reflect catalytic specificity.

PubMed ID: 9860827

DOI: 10.1021/bi9806504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 106
  • Mass: 11776
  • Checksum: BB86FED55967EBE2
  • Sequence:
    • MAQEFVNCKI QPGKVVVFIK PTCPYCRRAQ EILSQLPIKQ GLLEFVDITA TNHTNEIQDY 
LQQLTGARTV PRVFIGKDCI GGCSDLVSLQ QSGELLTRLK QIGALQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.