Details for: GLRX

Gene ID: 2745

Symbol: GLRX

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000173221

Description: glutaredoxin

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 3.25
    Marker Score: 181923
  • Cell Name: professional antigen presenting cell (CL0000145)
    Fold Change: 2.82
    Marker Score: 1453
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 2.67
    Marker Score: 68416.5
  • Cell Name: blood cell (CL0000081)
    Fold Change: 2.57
    Marker Score: 29827
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 2.54
    Marker Score: 6328.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 2.48
    Marker Score: 8816
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Marker Score: 3717
  • Cell Name: Kupffer cell (CL0000091)
    Fold Change: 2.41
    Marker Score: 2407.5
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 4622
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.37
    Marker Score: 23984
  • Cell Name: late pro-B cell (CL0002048)
    Fold Change: 2.29
    Marker Score: 2707
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 2.26
    Marker Score: 2730
  • Cell Name: lung macrophage (CL1001603)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Marker Score: 2543
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 2.22
    Marker Score: 2236
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 2.21
    Marker Score: 5031
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 10437
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 2.15
    Marker Score: 5751
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 2.03
    Marker Score: 12327.5
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 2.01
    Marker Score: 497
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 1.99
    Marker Score: 2077
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: 1.96
    Marker Score: 8030.5
  • Cell Name: A2 amacrine cell (CL0004219)
    Fold Change: 1.91
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: mature T cell (CL0002419)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 18556
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 1.87
    Marker Score: 1029
  • Cell Name: mature gamma-delta T cell (CL0000800)
    Fold Change: 1.86
    Marker Score: 5877
  • Cell Name: renal intercalated cell (CL0005010)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 988.5
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 11840
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 1.85
    Marker Score: 755
  • Cell Name: alternatively activated macrophage (CL0000890)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 763
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 1.83
    Marker Score: 3030
  • Cell Name: NKp46-positive innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001076)
    Fold Change: 1.81
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 1207
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium proper of ileum (CL1000342)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 513
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: 1.78
    Marker Score: 1512
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 1.69
    Marker Score: 1977
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 1.66
    Marker Score: 804
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 1.64
    Marker Score: 5140
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 705
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.63
    Marker Score: 7021
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 2144
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 1.6
    Marker Score: 1427.5
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 3839
  • Cell Name: large pre-B-II cell (CL0000957)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 4320.5
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 1608
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 3975
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 1480
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 5642
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 851
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 3807
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 1.49
    Marker Score: 737
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 1.48
    Marker Score: 427.5
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 1493
  • Cell Name: classical monocyte (CL0000860)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Marker Score: 6007.5
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 338
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.44
    Marker Score: 4258
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 1.43
    Marker Score: 710
  • Cell Name: mucosal invariant T cell (CL0000940)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 1260
  • Cell Name: melanocyte (CL0000148)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 567
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: 1.4
    Marker Score: 411
  • Cell Name: memory regulatory T cell (CL0002678)
    Fold Change: 1.39
    Marker Score: 485
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta cytokine secreting effector T cell (CL0000908)
    Fold Change: 1.37
    Marker Score: 590
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal lymphangioblast (CL0005021)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 303
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0000548)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 988
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 334
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 1054
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 1973
  • Cell Name: IgG plasma cell (CL0000985)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 583
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 2611
  • Cell Name: NKp44-positive group 3 innate lymphoid cell, human (CL0001079)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 301
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 1.33
    Marker Score: 2418.5
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 3110
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 1.32
    Marker Score: 990
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 1032.5
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 311
  • Cell Name: cardiac mesenchymal cell (CL0000569)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 318
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 880
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 445
  • Cell Name: naive regulatory T cell (CL0002677)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 391
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 861
  • Cell Name: Schwann cell precursor (CL0002375)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 319
  • Cell Name: common lymphoid progenitor (CL0000051)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 872
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, CD25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000792)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 339
  • Cell Name: intermediate monocyte (CL0002393)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 440
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1329
  • Cell Name: regulatory T cell (CL0000815)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 1390
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 287
  • Cell Name: muscle precursor cell (CL0000680)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 582
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of lamina propria of small intestine (CL0009022)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 280
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 2202.5
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 65707
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 519
  • Cell Name: naive thymus-derived CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000900)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 2196
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 677
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 3200
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: 1.22
    Marker Score: 607
  • Cell Name: double negative T regulatory cell (CL0011024)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 1173
  • Cell Name: monocyte (CL0000576)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 1577
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 18891
  • Cell Name: IgM plasma cell (CL0000986)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 420

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - GLRX is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. - It is localized to various cellular compartments, including the cytosol, extracellular exosome, and nucleus. - It is a key enzyme in the maintenance of cellular redox balance and is involved in the regulation of inflammation and cell death. **Pathways and functions:** - GLRX is involved in the GSR activity, which is a critical process for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. - It converts oxidized glutathione to its reduced form, GSSH, which is a key substrate for various cellular enzymes and signaling pathways. - GLRX also participates in the regulation of inflammation and cell death by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). - It is involved in the metabolism of nucleotides, including the interconversion of nucleotide di- and triphosphates. - It also plays a role in the regulation of membrane potential, as it is involved in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. - GLRX is involved in the positive regulation of the activity of sodium channels, which is important for maintaining the resting membrane potential. **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in GLRX genes have been linked to various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. - GLRX inhibitors are being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for these diseases. - By understanding the role of GLRX in cellular processes, researchers can develop new strategies to treat diseases that affect these pathways.

Genular Protein ID: 2979931115

Symbol: GLRX1_HUMAN

Name: Glutaredoxin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P35754 B2R4L2 Q3KQS1 Q6ICT1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 EMBL 15 EPD 1 Ensembl 5 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 7 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 3 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 4 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCD-2DPAGE 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8018729

Title: Cloning and sequencing of the cDNA encoding human glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 8018729

DOI: 10.1016/0167-4781(94)90019-1

PubMed ID: 7851394

Title: Purification from placenta, amino acid sequence, structure comparisons and cDNA cloning of human glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 7851394

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20356.x

PubMed ID: 8645179

Title: Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin.

PubMed ID: 8645179

DOI: 10.1042/bj3150931

PubMed ID: 9332366

Title: The human glutaredoxin gene: determination of its organization, transcription start point, and promoter analysis.

PubMed ID: 9332366

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00262-x

PubMed ID: 11222536

Title: Human lens thioltransferase: cloning, purification, and function.

PubMed ID: 11222536

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8019414

Title: The primary structure and properties of thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) from human red blood cells.

PubMed ID: 8019414

DOI: 10.1002/pro.5560030307

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9677297

Title: The NMR solution structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form.

PubMed ID: 9677297

DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1913

PubMed ID: 9860827

Title: Reactivity of the human thioltransferase (glutaredoxin) C7S, C25S, C78S, C82S mutant and NMR solution structure of its glutathionyl mixed disulfide intermediate reflect catalytic specificity.

PubMed ID: 9860827

DOI: 10.1021/bi9806504

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 106
  • Mass: 11776
  • Checksum: BB86FED55967EBE2
  • Sequence:
    • MAQEFVNCKI QPGKVVVFIK PTCPYCRRAQ EILSQLPIKQ GLLEFVDITA TNHTNEIQDY 
LQQLTGARTV PRVFIGKDCI GGCSDLVSLQ QSGELLTRLK QIGALQ

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.