Details for: GRM6

Gene ID: 2916

Symbol: GRM6

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000113262

Description: glutamate metabotropic receptor 6

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: 11.9224
    Cell Significance Index: 167.4500
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 5.3439
    Cell Significance Index: 41.1900
  • Cell Name: retinal bipolar neuron (CL0000748)
    Fold Change: 1.0584
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8300
  • Cell Name: ON-bipolar cell (CL0000749)
    Fold Change: 0.9958
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2500
  • Cell Name: bipolar neuron (CL0000103)
    Fold Change: 0.9489
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3200
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.4494
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5500
  • Cell Name: diffuse bipolar 6 cell (CL4033032)
    Fold Change: 0.4061
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6900
  • Cell Name: rod bipolar cell (CL0000751)
    Fold Change: 0.3847
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.3455
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3700
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.1988
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3700
  • Cell Name: OFF-bipolar cell (CL0000750)
    Fold Change: 0.1680
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4800
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.1348
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0828
    Cell Significance Index: 13.4700
  • Cell Name: invaginating midget bipolar cell (CL4033034)
    Fold Change: 0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9800
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: 4.5200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.0749
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0734
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0561
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0410
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2500
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.0406
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0363
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4000
  • Cell Name: diffuse bipolar 1 cell (CL4033027)
    Fold Change: 0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9900
  • Cell Name: diffuse bipolar 4 cell (CL4033031)
    Fold Change: 0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0082
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0020
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1100
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0003
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4800
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0031
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.0038
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0101
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0124
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0129
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: ganglion interneuron (CL0000397)
    Fold Change: -0.0134
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1100
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0136
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6600
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: -0.0184
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0193
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0220
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: flat midget bipolar cell (CL4033033)
    Fold Change: -0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: giant bipolar cell (CL4033035)
    Fold Change: -0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2700
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: -0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0316
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: -0.0352
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1700
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0379
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: -0.0408
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0434
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0485
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0507
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2700
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0512
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0513
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0514
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0531
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0536
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GRM6 exhibits several key characteristics that distinguish it from other glutamate receptors: 1. **Metabotropic nature**: GRM6 is a metabotropic receptor, meaning it is coupled to G-proteins, which activate downstream signaling pathways rather than directly influencing ion channels. 2. **Ligand specificity**: GRM6 is specifically activated by glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. 3. **Receptor dimerization**: GRM6 can form homodimers, which enhances its signaling activity. 4. **Regulation of synaptic transmission**: GRM6 plays a critical role in regulating synaptic transmission, particularly in the retina and cerebral cortex, where it modulates the activity of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurons. **Pathways and Functions** GRM6 is involved in various signaling pathways, including: 1. **Adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein-coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway**: GRM6 activates this pathway, which inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, leading to a decrease in cAMP levels and subsequent modulation of neuronal excitability. 2. **G alpha (i) signaling events**: GRM6 activates G alpha (i) proteins, which inhibit adenylate cyclase activity and modulate neuronal excitability. 3. **Regulation of synaptic transmission**: GRM6 modulates synaptic transmission by regulating the activity of GABAergic interneurons and glutamatergic neurons in the retina and cerebral cortex. 4. **Neuronal development**: GRM6 plays a critical role in neuronal development, particularly in the retina, where it regulates the development of photoreceptor cells and retinal ganglion cells. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of GRM6 has been implicated in various neurological disorders, including: 1. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GRM6 dysregulation has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. 2. **Migraine and epilepsy**: GRM6 dysregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of migraine and epilepsy, particularly in the regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. 3. **Visual disorders**: GRM6 plays a critical role in visual processing, and dysregulation of this receptor has been implicated in visual disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and visual impairment. In conclusion, GRM6 is a crucial component of the glutamatergic system, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the functional significance of GRM6 and its role in maintaining normal physiological and pathological processes.

Genular Protein ID: 1818841443

Symbol: GRM6_HUMAN

Name: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15303

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 5 ChEMBL 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 2 Ensembl 3 GO 18 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 10 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 3 PRO 1 PROSITE 4 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 3 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9215706

Title: The whole nucleotide sequence and chromosomal localization of the gene for human metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 6.

PubMed ID: 9215706

DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01477.x

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 23452348

Title: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 signaling enhances TRPM1 calcium channel function and increases melanin content in human melanocytes.

PubMed ID: 23452348

DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12083

PubMed ID: 15781871

Title: Night blindness and abnormal cone electroretinogram ON responses in patients with mutations in the GRM6 gene encoding mGluR6.

PubMed ID: 15781871

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0501233102

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

PubMed ID: 17405131

Title: Night blindness-associated mutations in the ligand-binding, cysteine-rich, and intracellular domains of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 abolish protein trafficking.

PubMed ID: 17405131

DOI: 10.1002/humu.20499

PubMed ID: 23714322

Title: Genotype and phenotype of 101 Dutch patients with congenital stationary night blindness.

PubMed ID: 23714322

DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.03.002

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 877
  • Mass: 95468
  • Checksum: 2AB27C5627B388C6
  • Sequence:
    • MARPRRAREP LLVALLPLAW LAQAGLARAA GSVRLAGGLT LGGLFPVHAR GAAGRACGQL 
KKEQGVHRLE AMLYALDRVN ADPELLPGVR LGARLLDTCS RDTYALEQAL SFVQALIRGR 
GDGDEVGVRC PGGVPPLRPA PPERVVAVVG ASASSVSIMV ANVLRLFAIP QISYASTAPE 
LSDSTRYDFF SRVVPPDSYQ AQAMVDIVRA LGWNYVSTLA SEGNYGESGV EAFVQISREA 
GGVCIAQSIK IPREPKPGEF SKVIRRLMET PNARGIIIFA NEDDIRRVLE AARQANLTGH 
FLWVGSDSWG AKTSPILSLE DVAVGAITIL PKRASIDGFD QYFMTRSLEN NRRNIWFAEF 
WEENFNCKLT SSGTQSDDST RKCTGEERIG RDSTYEQEGK VQFVIDAVYA IAHALHSMHQ 
ALCPGHTGLC PAMEPTDGRM LLQYIRAVRF NGSAGTPVMF NENGDAPGRY DIFQYQATNG 
SASSGGYQAV GQWAETLRLD VEALQWSGDP HEVPSSLCSL PCGPGERKKM VKGVPCCWHC 
EACDGYRFQV DEFTCEACPG DMRPTPNHTG CRPTPVVRLS WSSPWAAPPL LLAVLGIVAT 
TTVVATFVRY NNTPIVRASG RELSYVLLTG IFLIYAITFL MVAEPGAAVC AARRLFLGLG 
TTLSYSALLT KTNRIYRIFE QGKRSVTPPP FISPTSQLVI TFSLTSLQVV GMIAWLGARP 
PHSVIDYEEQ RTVDPEQARG VLKCDMSDLS LIGCLGYSLL LMVTCTVYAI KARGVPETFN 
EAKPIGFTMY TTCIIWLAFV PIFFGTAQSA EKIYIQTTTL TVSLSLSASV SLGMLYVPKT 
YVILFHPEQN VQKRKRSLKA TSTVAAPPKG EDAEAHK

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.