Details for: GYS2

Gene ID: 2998

Symbol: GYS2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000111713

Description: glycogen synthase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 4.4283
    Cell Significance Index: 74.6000
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 2.5833
    Cell Significance Index: 43.4500
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.8959
    Cell Significance Index: 21.7000
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.4740
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8400
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.3664
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3400
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.3126
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8000
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2449
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.1100
    Cell Significance Index: 22.0600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0720
    Cell Significance Index: 20.7300
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 0.0428
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0414
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0413
    Cell Significance Index: 14.8200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: 8.0400
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.0398
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8900
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: 0.0340
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.0203
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0183
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8100
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0070
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0094
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0147
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0168
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0205
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0209
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0258
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0263
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6900
  • Cell Name: regular ventricular cardiac myocyte (CL0002131)
    Fold Change: -0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.0308
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0319
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0341
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.0369
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0371
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0373
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.0405
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.0420
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: -0.0500
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0538
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.0541
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: -0.0543
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0557
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0566
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.0594
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: ON midget ganglion cell (CL4033046)
    Fold Change: -0.0658
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.0698
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0711
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.0725
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4300
  • Cell Name: inhibitory interneuron (CL0000498)
    Fold Change: -0.0736
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0739
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7300
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0757
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0779
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0782
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0802
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0811
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0820
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.0820
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: regular atrial cardiac myocyte (CL0002129)
    Fold Change: -0.0831
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0833
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.0853
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7000
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0863
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.0876
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0885
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.0919
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: -0.0922
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9100
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0922
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.0939
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: L5 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030064)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0963
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0968
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0973
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.1013
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.1032
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: -0.1139
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.1158
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7400
  • Cell Name: midget ganglion cell of retina (CL4023188)
    Fold Change: -0.1181
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.1193
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** GYS2 is a member of the glycogen synthase family, which consists of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate, resulting in the formation of glycogen. GYS2 is specifically expressed in various tissues, including erythrocytes, dendritic cells, kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells, and hepatocytes. The gene is highly conserved across species, suggesting its essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions** GYS2 is involved in the following pathways: 1. **Glycogen Synthesis**: GYS2 catalyzes the transfer of glucose-1-phosphate to UDP-glucose, resulting in the formation of glycogen. 2. **Glycogen Metabolism**: GYS2 plays a critical role in regulating glycogen metabolism, including glycogen synthesis, degradation, and storage. 3. **Cell Signaling**: GYS2 is involved in cell signaling pathways, including the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin signaling. 4. **Cytoskeleton Organization**: GYS2 is also involved in the organization of the cytoskeleton, particularly in the formation of actin filaments. The functions of GYS2 include: 1. **Energy Storage**: GYS2 is essential for storing energy in the form of glycogen, which can be rapidly mobilized during periods of energy demand. 2. **Regulation of Glucose Metabolism**: GYS2 helps regulate glucose metabolism by controlling the rate of glycogen synthesis and degradation. 3. **Cellular Homeostasis**: GYS2 maintains cellular homeostasis by regulating the levels of glucose and glycogen in the cell. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of GYS2 has been implicated in various glycogen storage diseases, including: 1. **Glycogen Storage Disease Type 0 (GSD 0)**: A rare, severe form of glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the GYS2 gene. 2. **Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV (GSD IV)**: A milder form of glycogen storage disease caused by mutations in the GBE1 gene, which is involved in glycogen synthesis. GYS2 mutations have also been associated with other diseases, including: 1. **Type 2 Diabetes**: GYS2 mutations have been linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. 2. **Metabolic Syndrome**: GYS2 mutations have been associated with metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, GYS2 is a critical gene involved in glycogen synthesis and metabolism. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various glycogen storage diseases and other metabolic disorders. Further research is needed to fully understand the role of GYS2 in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 3826584205

Symbol: GYS2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P54840 A0AVD8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CAZy 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 21 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 23 Ensembl 1 GO 9 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 1 Rhea 4 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8203908

Title: Primary structure of human liver glycogen synthase deduced by cDNA cloning.

PubMed ID: 8203908

DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1994.1260

PubMed ID: 9691087

Title: Mutations in the liver glycogen synthase gene in children with hypoglycemia due to glycogen storage disease type 0.

PubMed ID: 9691087

DOI: 10.1172/jci2890

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1731614

Title: Comparative characterization of human and rat liver glycogen synthase.

PubMed ID: 1731614

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(92)90019-s

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 703
  • Mass: 80989
  • Checksum: 718F000D6D00CA4A
  • Sequence:
    • MLRGRSLSVT SLGGLPQWEV EELPVEELLL FEVAWEVTNK VGGIYTVIQT KAKTTADEWG 
ENYFLIGPYF EHNMKTQVEQ CEPVNDAVRR AVDAMNKHGC QVHFGRWLIE GSPYVVLFDI 
GYSAWNLDRW KGDLWEACSV GIPYHDREAN DMLIFGSLTA WFLKEVTDHA DGKYVVAQFH 
EWQAGIGLIL SRARKLPIAT IFTTHATLLG RYLCAANIDF YNHLDKFNID KEAGERQIYH 
RYCMERASVH CAHVFTTVSE ITAIEAEHML KRKPDVVTPN GLNVKKFSAV HEFQNLHAMY 
KARIQDFVRG HFYGHLDFDL EKTLFLFIAG RYEFSNKGAD IFLESLSRLN FLLRMHKSDI 
TVMVFFIMPA KTNNFNVETL KGQAVRKQLW DVAHSVKEKF GKKLYDALLR GEIPDLNDIL 
DRDDLTIMKR AIFSTQRQSL PPVTTHNMID DSTDPILSTI RRIGLFNNRT DRVKVILHPE 
FLSSTSPLLP MDYEEFVRGC HLGVFPSYYE PWGYTPAECT VMGIPSVTTN LSGFGCFMQE 
HVADPTAYGI YIVDRRFRSP DDSCNQLTKF LYGFCKQSRR QRIIQRNRTE RLSDLLDWRY 
LGRYYQHARH LTLSRAFPDK FHVELTSPPT TEGFKYPRPS SVPPSPSGSQ ASSPQSSDVE 
DEVEDERYDE EEEAERDRLN IKSPFSLSHV PHGKKKLHGE YKN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.