Details for: HBZ

Gene ID: 3050

Symbol: HBZ

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000130656

Description: hemoglobin subunit zeta

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 11.1422
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5900
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 6.2800
    Cell Significance Index: 105.6300
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.5862
    Cell Significance Index: 22.7300
  • Cell Name: fetal cardiomyocyte (CL0002495)
    Fold Change: 1.5179
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3500
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 1.2817
    Cell Significance Index: 14.5100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.1783
    Cell Significance Index: 12.8100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.1112
    Cell Significance Index: 23.2600
  • Cell Name: sensory neuron (CL0000101)
    Fold Change: 0.8691
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9400
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.6046
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2300
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 0.3581
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: 0.3116
    Cell Significance Index: 4.6000
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.2702
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8400
  • Cell Name: reticulocyte (CL0000558)
    Fold Change: 0.2205
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1600
  • Cell Name: muscle fibroblast (CL1001609)
    Fold Change: 0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0517
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: 5.9300
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0218
    Cell Significance Index: 2.7900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: 7.7300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: 0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6700
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7100
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0093
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: chondroblast (CL0000058)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0130
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0170
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0250
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic stellate cell (CL0002410)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: -0.0274
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0291
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0293
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0324
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0349
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.0404
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: L5/6 near-projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030067)
    Fold Change: -0.0439
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0445
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0450
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4500
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0458
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0505
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0612
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0644
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0648
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0650
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: -0.0674
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0707
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.0734
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: erythroid lineage cell (CL0000764)
    Fold Change: -0.0753
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0773
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4200
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0781
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0794
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5300
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.0824
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery (CL0002591)
    Fold Change: -0.0848
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0860
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0877
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3200
  • Cell Name: embryonic fibroblast (CL2000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0878
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: -0.0903
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3200
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: -0.0905
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0925
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary artery endothelial cell (CL1001568)
    Fold Change: -0.0945
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0990
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7000
  • Cell Name: endocardial cell (CL0002350)
    Fold Change: -0.1084
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1092
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.1095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.1116
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2700
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1151
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1189
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1800
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1190
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1195
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5000
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1197
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: -0.1198
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3800
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.1214
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1248
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1306
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5400
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.1322
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1800
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.1340
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1344
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9600
  • Cell Name: peridermal cell (CL0000078)
    Fold Change: -0.1347
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1362
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1391
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** HBZ is a small, α-helical protein with a molecular weight of approximately 15 kDa. It is encoded by the HBAZ gene, which is located on chromosome 11p15.4. HBZ is highly conserved across species, suggesting its critical importance in maintaining normal physiological function. The protein is characterized by its high affinity for oxygen, allowing it to play a crucial role in oxygen transport and delivery. Notably, HBZ is also a potent antioxidant, capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contributing to the regulation of oxidative stress. **Pathways and Functions:** HBZ is involved in several critical pathways, including: 1. **Carbon dioxide transport**: HBZ plays a role in the transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to the lungs, where it is exhaled. 2. **Oxygen binding**: HBZ has a high affinity for oxygen, allowing it to bind to oxygen molecules and facilitate their transport to tissues. 3. **Heme binding**: HBZ binds to heme, a crucial component of hemoglobin, to facilitate the regulation of oxygen delivery. 4. **Antioxidant activity**: HBZ has antioxidant properties, scavenging ROS and contributing to the regulation of oxidative stress. 5. **Immune regulation**: HBZ has been implicated in the regulation of immune responses, particularly in the context of inflammation and oxidative stress. **Clinical Significance:** HBZ has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Anemia**: HBZ deficiency has been associated with anemia, particularly in individuals with chronic diseases or those undergoing chemotherapy. 2. **Inflammatory disorders**: HBZ has been shown to play a role in the regulation of inflammation, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: HBZ has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. 4. **Cancer**: HBZ has been shown to play a role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation in cancer cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target. In conclusion, HBZ is a critical component of hemoglobin, playing a pivotal role in oxygen transport, delivery, and regulation. Its antioxidant properties and immune regulatory functions make it an essential protein in maintaining normal physiological function. Further research is needed to fully understand the clinical significance of HBZ and its role in various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 2341227005

Symbol: HBAZ_HUMAN

Name: Hemoglobin subunit zeta

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P02008 Q6IBF6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 4 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneReviews 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 6297773

Title: The structure of the human zeta-globin gene and a closely linked, nearly identical pseudogene.

PubMed ID: 6297773

DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90311-7

PubMed ID: 6963223

Title: Cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of human embryonic zeta-globin cDNA.

PubMed ID: 6963223

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1982.1.355

PubMed ID: 9054936

Title: The relationship between chromosome structure and function at a human telomeric region.

PubMed ID: 9054936

DOI: 10.1038/ng0397-252

PubMed ID: 11157797

Title: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 11157797

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 6179844

Title: Human embryonic haemoglobins. The primary structure of the zeta chains.

PubMed ID: 6179844

PubMed ID: 6171809

Title: Structure of the zeta chain of human embryonic hemoglobin.

PubMed ID: 6171809

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6076

PubMed ID: 6172357

Title: Human embryonic haemoglobins. Ac-Ser-Leu-Thr-is the N-terminal sequence of the zeta-chains.

PubMed ID: 6172357

PubMed ID: 6539334

Title: Human hemoglobin Portland II (zeta 2 beta 2). Isolation and characterization of Portland hemoglobin components and their constituent globin chains.

PubMed ID: 6539334

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39875-7

PubMed ID: 1939469

Title: Quantities of adult, fetal and embryonic globin chains in the blood of eighteen- to twenty-week-old human fetuses.

PubMed ID: 1939469

DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80142-y

PubMed ID: 20925047

Title: Haemoglobin level, proportion of haemoglobin Bart's and haemoglobin Portland in fetuses affected by homozygous alpha0-thalassemia from 12 to 40 weeks' gestation.

PubMed ID: 20925047

DOI: 10.1002/pd.2619

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 11747442

Title: The role of beta chains in the control of the hemoglobin oxygen binding function: chimeric human/mouse proteins, structure, and function.

PubMed ID: 11747442

DOI: 10.1021/bi011329f

PubMed ID: 24100324

Title: Structure of fully liganded Hb zeta2beta2s trapped in a tense conformation.

PubMed ID: 24100324

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913019197

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 142
  • Mass: 15637
  • Checksum: B62A9B825743A155
  • Sequence:
    • MSLTKTERTI IVSMWAKIST QADTIGTETL ERLFLSHPQT KTYFPHFDLH PGSAQLRAHG 
SKVVAAVGDA VKSIDDIGGA LSKLSELHAY ILRVDPVNFK LLSHCLLVTL AARFPADFTA 
EAHAAWDKFL SVVSSVLTEK YR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.