Details for: HTN1

Gene ID: 3346

Symbol: HTN1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000126550

Description: histatin 1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 92.3291
    Cell Significance Index: 513.9100
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 72.2475
    Cell Significance Index: 1506.7700
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 3.0183
    Cell Significance Index: 47.8900
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: 2.5542
    Cell Significance Index: 33.0000
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 1.5032
    Cell Significance Index: 13.9500
  • Cell Name: erythroid lineage cell (CL0000764)
    Fold Change: 0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4100
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: 0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4800
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0032
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: IgG plasma cell (CL0000985)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0034
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0049
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0068
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0096
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0120
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4500
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000810)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2100
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0123
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0146
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0224
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8300
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: -0.0259
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0296
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3000
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0307
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.0343
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3100
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: -0.0387
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000811)
    Fold Change: -0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: supporting cell (CL0000630)
    Fold Change: -0.0416
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1900
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: granulocyte (CL0000094)
    Fold Change: -0.0431
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5200
  • Cell Name: early lymphoid progenitor (CL0000936)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: -0.0453
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: common dendritic progenitor (CL0001029)
    Fold Change: -0.0461
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: -0.0465
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: medullary thymic epithelial cell (CL0002365)
    Fold Change: -0.0487
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: -0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: double-positive, alpha-beta thymocyte (CL0000809)
    Fold Change: -0.0529
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: -0.0535
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: DN1 thymic pro-T cell (CL0000894)
    Fold Change: -0.0550
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: DN3 thymocyte (CL0000807)
    Fold Change: -0.0568
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: IgA plasma cell (CL0000987)
    Fold Change: -0.0571
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: inflammatory macrophage (CL0000863)
    Fold Change: -0.0599
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-alpha-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000915)
    Fold Change: -0.0663
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0686
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: -0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte progenitor cell (CL0000553)
    Fold Change: -0.0696
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5000
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0754
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell (CL0000510)
    Fold Change: -0.0797
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: ciliated epithelial cell (CL0000067)
    Fold Change: -0.0798
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: -0.0853
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.0894
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5400
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.1011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.1127
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.1146
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1148
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.1192
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6900
  • Cell Name: myoepithelial cell (CL0000185)
    Fold Change: -0.1243
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1257
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6000
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.1264
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2200
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1313
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.1409
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5200
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.1440
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001203)
    Fold Change: -0.1446
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5000
  • Cell Name: exhausted T cell (CL0011025)
    Fold Change: -0.1460
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: -0.1473
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.1529
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9300
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: -0.1566
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1649
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.1692
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.1745
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.1746
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: myofibroblast cell (CL0000186)
    Fold Change: -0.1794
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.1877
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4700
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1885
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0500
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -0.1889
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.1923
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.1926
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6700
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell (CL0000625)
    Fold Change: -0.2057
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9500

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** Histatin 1 exhibits several key characteristics that enable it to perform its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions: 1. **Antimicrobial Properties**: Histatin 1 has been shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. 2. **Cysteine-Rich Structure**: The protein's cysteine-rich structure is essential for its antimicrobial activity, as it allows for the formation of disulfide bonds that create a hydrophobic environment, inhibiting microbial growth. 3. **Cellular Expression**: Histatin 1 is expressed in various cell types, including epithelial cells, immune cells, and stem cells, indicating its multifaceted role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune function. 4. **Regulatory Functions**: Histatin 1 regulates cellular processes such as cell-cell adhesion, metabolic processes, and substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading, which are essential for maintaining tissue integrity and immune function. **Pathways and Functions** Histatin 1 is involved in various signaling pathways and cellular processes, including: 1. **Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Response**: Histatin 1 is involved in regulating ER stress response, which is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune function. 2. **Immune Response**: Histatin 1 plays a key role in regulating the innate immune response, including the killing of cells of another organism and the regulation of immune cell function. 3. **Cell-Cell Adhesion**: Histatin 1 regulates cell-cell adhesion, which is essential for maintaining tissue integrity and immune function. 4. **Metabolic Processes**: Histatin 1 regulates metabolic processes, including the regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading, which is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis. 5. **Vascular Wound Healing**: Histatin 1 is involved in regulating vascular wound healing, which is crucial for maintaining tissue integrity and immune function. **Clinical Significance** Histatin 1 has several clinical implications, including: 1. **Oral Health**: Histatin 1 plays a crucial role in maintaining oral health, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various oral diseases, including periodontitis and oral cancer. 2. **Immune System Disorders**: Histatin 1 is involved in regulating the innate immune response, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various immune system disorders, including autoimmune diseases and immunodeficiency disorders. 3. **Wound Healing**: Histatin 1 is involved in regulating vascular wound healing, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various wound healing disorders, including diabetic foot ulcers and venous leg ulcers. 4. **Cancer**: Histatin 1 has been implicated in cancer progression, including the regulation of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In conclusion, histatin 1 is a multifunctional protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, immune function, and wound healing. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including oral health disorders, immune system disorders, wound healing disorders, and cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms of histatin 1 and its clinical implications.

Genular Protein ID: 2223993441

Symbol: HIS1_HUMAN

Name: Histatin-1

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P15515

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 2 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 4 GO 14 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2719677

Title: Histatins, a family of salivary histidine-rich proteins, are encoded by at least two loci (HIS1 and HIS2).

PubMed ID: 2719677

DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(89)92460-1

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8336540

Title: Nucleotide sequence analysis of the human salivary protein genes HIS1 and HIS2, and evolution of the STATH/HIS gene family.

PubMed ID: 8336540

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040022

PubMed ID: 2773933

Title: Localization of the genes for histatins to human chromosome 4q13 and tissue distribution of the mRNAs.

PubMed ID: 2773933

PubMed ID: 3944083

Title: The primary structure and functional characterization of the neutral histidine-rich polypeptide from human parotid secretion.

PubMed ID: 3944083

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)36072-6

PubMed ID: 3286634

Title: Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary structure, and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans.

PubMed ID: 3286634

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)68522-9

PubMed ID: 2372245

Title: Rapid purification and characterization of histatins (histidine-rich polypeptides) from human whole saliva.

PubMed ID: 2372245

DOI: 10.1016/0003-9969(90)90202-l

PubMed ID: 17503797

Title: Tyrosine polysulfation of human salivary histatin 1. A post-translational modification specific of the submandibular gland.

PubMed ID: 17503797

DOI: 10.1021/pr0700706

PubMed ID: 18650243

Title: Histatins are the major wound-closure stimulating factors in human saliva as identified in a cell culture assay.

PubMed ID: 18650243

DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-112003

PubMed ID: 20973643

Title: Salivary peptidomics.

PubMed ID: 20973643

DOI: 10.1586/epr.10.48

PubMed ID: 25903106

Title: Histatin-1, a histidine-rich peptide in human saliva, promotes cell-substrate and cell-cell adhesion.

PubMed ID: 25903106

DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266825

PubMed ID: 28751526

Title: The salivary peptide histatin-1 promotes endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis.

PubMed ID: 28751526

DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700085r

PubMed ID: 28542418

Title: Effects of histatin-1 peptide on human corneal epithelial cells.

PubMed ID: 28542418

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178030

PubMed ID: 32225006

Title: Salivary Histatin 1 and 2 Are Targeted to Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Human Cells.

PubMed ID: 32225006

DOI: 10.3390/cells9040795

PubMed ID: 34233061

Title: Histatin-1 is an endogenous ligand of the sigma-2 receptor.

PubMed ID: 34233061

DOI: 10.1111/febs.16108

PubMed ID: 35970844

Title: GPCR/endocytosis/ERK signaling/S2R is involved in the regulation of the internalization, mitochondria-targeting and -activating properties of human salivary histatin 1.

PubMed ID: 35970844

DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00181-5

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 57
  • Mass: 6963
  • Checksum: F3532BD1DCE23D83
  • Sequence:
    • MKFFVFALVL ALMISMISAD SHEKRHHGYR RKFHEKHHSH REFPFYGDYG SNYLYDN

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.