Details for: ISLR

Gene ID: 3671

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: ISLR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000129009

Description: immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine rich repeat

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 10.69
    rCSI 34.66%
    PRS 99.07
  • keratocyte CL0002363
    CSI 9.66
    rCSI 23.22%
    PRS 99.02
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 8.82
    rCSI 7.17%
    PRS 99.17
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 8.8
    rCSI 8.19%
    PRS 99.54
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 7.03
    rCSI 9.74%
    PRS 98.52
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 5.11
    rCSI 6.51%
    PRS 99.59
  • stromal cell CL0000499
    CSI 5.07
    rCSI 14.28%
    PRS 98.41
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 5.06
    rCSI 11.14%
    PRS 99.4
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 4.7
    rCSI 9.53%
    PRS 94.06
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 4.08
    rCSI 15.28%
    PRS 98.56
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 4.06
    rCSI 5.8%
    PRS 99.22
  • adventitial cell CL0002503
    CSI 4
    rCSI 9.55%
    PRS 99.57
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 3.97
    rCSI 6.31%
    PRS 97.75
  • stromal cell of ovary CL0002132
    CSI 3.77
    rCSI 10.36%
    PRS 99.16
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 3.56
    rCSI 20.7%
    PRS 98.97
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 3.42
    rCSI 15.04%
    PRS 94.77
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 3.23
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 99.35
  • tendon cell CL0000388
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 7.41%
    PRS 99.3
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 29.3%
    PRS 99.26
  • mesenchymal stem cell of adipose tissue CL0002570
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 14.31%
    PRS 99.34
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.39
    rCSI 6.07%
    PRS 98.68
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 2.31
    rCSI 6.68%
    PRS 98.85
  • uterine smooth muscle cell CL0002601
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 11.43%
    PRS 99.39
  • fibroblast of breast CL4006000
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 7.05%
    PRS 99.36
  • basal cell of epithelium of trachea CL1000348
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 7.01%
    PRS 99.01
  • kidney interstitial cell CL1000500
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 11.46%
    PRS 100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) (Immunoglobulin Superfamily Containing Leucine-Rich Repeat) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15q24.1. As its name suggests, the encoded protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and contains leucine-rich repeats, motifs commonly involved in protein-protein interactions. [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) is primarily localized to the extracellular region and is associated with biological processes such as cell adhesion ([GO:0007155](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007155)). Expression data indicates a strong association with mesenchymal and stromal cell lineages, including [vascular associated smooth muscle cells](/details-cell/CL0000359), [fibroblasts](/details-cell/CL0002553), and [keratocytes](/details-cell/CL0002363), suggesting a significant role in connective tissue biology and structural maintenance. The gene's product has also been identified within platelet alpha granules ([GO:0031093](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0031093)), implicating it in hemostasis-related pathways. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) highlights its central role in cells of mesenchymal origin that are responsible for producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix and providing structural support to tissues. * **Mesenchymal and Stromal Lineage Marker:** **Overall**, [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) shows the highest significance in [vascular associated smooth muscle cells](/details-cell/CL0000359) (CSI: 10.69), various fibroblast populations such as [keratocytes](/details-cell/CL0002363) (CSI: 9.66) and [bronchus fibroblasts of the lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) (CSI: 8.82), and [myofibroblast cells](/details-cell/CL0000186) (CSI: 7.03). Its high significance extends to specialized stromal cells like [hepatic stellate cells](/details-cell/CL0000632) and [pancreatic stellate cells](/details-cell/CL0002410). This consistent pattern across multiple tissues suggests a fundamental function in connective tissue homeostasis. * **Specificity:** The top-ranked cells are almost exclusively related to structural, contractile, and secretory functions within the tissue stroma. Notably, major hematopoietic lineages (e.g., lymphocytes, neutrophils) and epithelial cells are absent from the list of top-expressing cells, indicating that [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) expression is highly specific to the mesenchymal compartment and is likely not involved in core immunological or barrier functions. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotations for [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) are consistent with its expression in stromal and smooth muscle cells and its extracellular localization. * **Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix:** The gene's association with cell adhesion ([GO:0007155](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0007155)) aligns with its high expression in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, which are critical for maintaining tissue architecture through cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. As an extracellular protein ([GO:0005576](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0005576)), it likely functions as a ligand or receptor component mediating these adhesive processes. * **Hemostasis and Platelet Function:** [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) is implicated in the [Hemostasis](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-109582) pathway. Its specific annotation to the [platelet alpha granule lumen](/details-cell/GO:0031093) suggests it is a cargo protein that is released upon platelet activation. This connects it to downstream processes including [Platelet degranulation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-114608) and [Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation](https://reactome.org/content/detail/R-HSA-76002), where it may act to modulate thrombus formation or vascular repair at sites of injury. This role was first suggested by early cloning and expression studies [Link](https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1997.4889). ## Research Directions The specific expression pattern and functional annotations of [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) suggest several avenues for future research, particularly concerning its role in tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and hemostasis. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its high expression in fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and hepatic stellate cells—key drivers of tissue scarring—[ISLR](/details-gene/3671) may function as a pro-fibrotic factor that promotes the deposition of extracellular matrix during chronic injury or disease. 2. As a component of platelet alpha granules released during degranulation, [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) may act as a signaling molecule that enhances platelet aggregation or recruits other stromal cells to the site of vascular injury, thereby coordinating hemostasis with subsequent tissue repair. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis that [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) is a pro-fibrotic factor, an *in vivo* study could be conducted using a murine model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), such as bleomycin-induced lung injury. *Islr* knockout mice and wild-type littermates would be treated with bleomycin. The progression of fibrosis could be quantified at multiple time points by assessing collagen deposition (e.g., via Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline assays), myofibroblast activation (e.g., via alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemistry), and changes in lung function. Concurrently, RNA-sequencing of lung tissue would reveal the downstream transcriptional networks regulated by [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) in the context of fibrotic remodeling. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a secreted, extracellular protein, [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) is an accessible target for biologic therapies such as monoclonal antibodies. If it is validated as a key driver of fibrosis in pathologies like IPF, liver cirrhosis, or systemic sclerosis, a neutralizing antibody targeting [ISLR](/details-gene/3671) could represent a novel anti-fibrotic strategy. The therapeutic goal would be **inhibition** to disrupt its putative role in excessive matrix deposition and myofibroblast activation. Its high specificity for mesenchymal cells may also limit off-target effects compared to more broadly expressed targets.

Genular Protein ID: 935511460

Symbol: ISLR_HUMAN

Name: Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O14498

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 4 Ensembl 4 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 9 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 2 SMART 3 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9325048

Title: Cloning of the cDNA for a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (ISLR) containing leucine-rich repeat (LRR).

PubMed ID: 9325048

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4889

PubMed ID: 10512678

Title: Human and mouse ISLR (immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat) genes: genomic structure and tissue expression.

PubMed ID: 10512678

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5934

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 16959974

Title: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers.

PubMed ID: 16959974

DOI: 10.1126/science.1133427

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 428
  • Mass: 45997
  • Checksum: 3163F89D59F6F3A4
  • Sequence:
    • MQELHLLWWA LLLGLAQACP EPCDCGEKYG FQIADCAYRD LESVPPGFPA NVTTLSLSAN 
RLPGLPEGAF REVPLLQSLW LAHNEIRTVA AGALASLSHL KSLDLSHNLI SDFAWSDLHN 
LSALQLLKMD SNELTFIPRD AFRSLRALRS LQLNHNRLHT LAEGTFTPLT ALSHLQINEN 
PFDCTCGIVW LKTWALTTAV SIPEQDNIAC TSPHVLKGTP LSRLPPLPCS APSVQLSYQP 
SQDGAELRPG FVLALHCDVD GQPAPQLHWH IQIPSGIVEI TSPNVGTDGR ALPGTPVASS 
QPRFQAFANG SLLIPDFGKL EEGTYSCLAT NELGSAESSV DVALATPGEG GEDTLGRRFH 
GKAVEGKGCY TVDNEVQPSG PEDNVVIIYL SRAGNPEAAV AEGVPGQLPP GLLLLGQSLL 
LFFFLTSF