Details for: IVD

Gene ID: 3712

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: IVD

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000128928

Description: isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 10.29
    rCSI 17.8%
    PRS 36.12
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 9.1
    rCSI 18.28%
    PRS 35.23
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 8.61
    rCSI 12.73%
    PRS 50.22
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 6.2
    rCSI 8.44%
    PRS 38.61
  • dendritic cell, human CL0001056
    CSI 5.87
    rCSI 9.01%
    PRS 52.21
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 5.14
    rCSI 6.04%
    PRS 48.8
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 5.13
    rCSI 8.26%
    PRS 36.07
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 4.94
    rCSI 30.88%
    PRS 37.82
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 4.78
    rCSI 6.78%
    PRS 42.19
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 4.67
    rCSI 10.67%
    PRS 44.59
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 4.62
    rCSI 11.68%
    PRS 53.48
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 4.49
    rCSI 7.53%
    PRS 29.76
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 10.28%
    PRS 52.85
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 3.67
    rCSI 9.32%
    PRS 41.18
  • hematopoietic precursor cell CL0008001
    CSI 3.63
    rCSI 3.74%
    PRS 62.94
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 3.29
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 43.7
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 3.06
    rCSI 2.85%
    PRS 44.91
  • kidney interstitial alternatively activated macrophage CL1000695
    CSI 2.97
    rCSI 7.75%
    PRS 44.28
  • double negative thymocyte CL0002489
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 53.81
  • midzonal region hepatocyte CL0019028
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 6.9%
    PRS 54.19
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 2.92
    rCSI 5.12%
    PRS 37.72
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.89
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 46.12
  • central memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0000907
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 55.58
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 56.49
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 2.85
    rCSI 3.89%
    PRS 47.78
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.83
    rCSI 2.73%
    PRS 45.71
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.69
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 38.24
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 3.41%
    PRS 50.54
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.67
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 44.11
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 48.66
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 63.13
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.49
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.94
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 1.79%
    PRS 38.79
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 46.95
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.38
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 47.54
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.36
    rCSI 2.94%
    PRS 28.25
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 1.54%
    PRS 48.96
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 43.15
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 3.66%
    PRS 43.67
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.26
    rCSI 2.04%
    PRS 41.87
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 5.38%
    PRS 63.26
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 5.31%
    PRS 60.54
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 45.65
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.18
    rCSI 1.91%
    PRS 50.1
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 2.17
    rCSI 3.33%
    PRS 61.33
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 47.64
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 2.14
    rCSI 7.69%
    PRS 28.65
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 54.91
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.11
    rCSI 1.62%
    PRS 44.05
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.08
    rCSI 2.17%
    PRS 45.8
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 6.07%
    PRS 49.09
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 7.66%
    PRS 38.37
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 49.03
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 33.18
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 50.97
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 6.39%
    PRS 47.88
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 1.71%
    PRS 48.89
  • endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid CL0019021
    CSI 1.97
    rCSI 9.04%
    PRS 63.78
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 1.53%
    PRS 51.6
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 4.73%
    PRS 41.23
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.93
    rCSI 2.49%
    PRS 30.66
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.88
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 46.05
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 4.27%
    PRS 38.71
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 44.43%
    PRS 29.22
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 1.78%
    PRS 36.03
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 2.63%
    PRS 47.83
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 2.46%
    PRS 53.57
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 1.61%
    PRS 34.58
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 1.48%
    PRS 45.76
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.81
    rCSI 43.56%
    PRS 30.09
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 2.71%
    PRS 55.02
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.73
    rCSI 3.15%
    PRS 38.92
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 4.41%
    PRS 53.35
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 39.52
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 59.99
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.58
    rCSI 2.51%
    PRS 38.35
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.57
    rCSI 2.77%
    PRS 43.52
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.57
    rCSI 2.42%
    PRS 42.97
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 3.87%
    PRS 35.92
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 35.17
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.93%
    PRS 43.16
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 1.76%
    PRS 29.7
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 58.18
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 3.74%
    PRS 41.43
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 1.17%
    PRS 45.8
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 42.32
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.24%
    PRS 39.16
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.25%
    PRS 31.83
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 2.28%
    PRS 36.09
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 2.45%
    PRS 28.78
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 2.99%
    PRS 42.54
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.34
    rCSI 2.41%
    PRS 43.59
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.27
    rCSI 1.85%
    PRS 48.22
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 4.03%
    PRS 42.19
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.25
    rCSI 4.87%
    PRS 54.12
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.11
    rCSI 1.52%
    PRS 41.42
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 1.11
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 52.64
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.58%
    PRS 47.16
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.09
    rCSI 1.57%
    PRS 58.5
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.06
    rCSI 2.37%
    PRS 30.49
  • acinar cell of salivary gland CL0002623
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 67.9%
  • central nervous system neuron CL2000029
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 33.4%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 31.1%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 33.2%
  • medium spiny neuron CL1001474
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 33.0%
  • erythroid progenitor cell CL0000038
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 55.9%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 30.7%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 31.0%
  • myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell CL0000839
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 69.0%
  • pancreatic PP cell CL0002275
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 60.5%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 28.9%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 0.7%
    PRS 35.6%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 47.6%
  • transit amplifying cell of small intestine CL0009012
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 64.2%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 56.1%
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 47.8%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 33.8%
  • cerebellar neuron CL1001611
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 6.5%
    PRS 34.1%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 31.9%
  • serotonergic neuron CL0000850
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 31.9%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 52.8%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 46.2%
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 0.9
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 38.8%
  • IgA plasma cell CL0000987
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.0%
    PRS 63.5%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 36.7%
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 42.0%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 30.5%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 58.5%
  • epicardial adipocyte CL1000309
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 47.2%
  • forebrain radial glial cell CL0013000
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 52.6%
  • Bergmann glial cell CL0000644
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 41.4%
  • periportal region hepatocyte CL0019026
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.9%
    PRS 54.1%
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 42.2%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 48.2%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 43.6%
  • type B pancreatic cell CL0000169
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 42.5%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 28.8%
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 36.1%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 31.8%
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 39.2%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 42.3%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 45.8%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 41.4%
  • CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002397
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 58.2%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 29.7%
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 43.2%
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 35.2%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 35.9%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 43.0%
  • retinal rod cell CL0000604
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 43.5%
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 38.4%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 60.0%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 39.5%
  • centrilobular region hepatocyte CL0019029
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 53.4%
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 38.9%
  • pulmonary alveolar type 2 cell CL0002063
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 55.0%
  • indirect pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023029
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 43.6%
    PRS 30.1%
  • common myeloid progenitor CL0000049
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 45.8%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 34.6%
  • renal alpha-intercalated cell CL0005011
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 53.6%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.8%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 36.0%
  • direct pathway medium spiny neuron CL4023026
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 44.4%
    PRS 29.2%
  • Mueller cell CL0000636
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 38.7%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 46.1%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 30.7%
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 4.7%
    PRS 41.2%
  • plasmablast CL0000980
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 51.6%
  • endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid CL0019021
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 9.0%
    PRS 63.8%
  • granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell CL0000557
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 48.9%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 6.4%
    PRS 47.9%
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 51.0%
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 33.2%
  • alveolar type 1 fibroblast cell CL4028004
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 49.0%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 38.4%
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 49.1%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 45.8%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 44.1%
  • common dendritic progenitor CL0001029
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 54.9%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 7.7%
    PRS 28.7%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 47.6%
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 61.3%
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 50.1%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 45.7%
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.3%
    PRS 60.5%
  • hematopoietic multipotent progenitor cell CL0000837
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 63.3%
  • megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell CL0000050
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 41.9%
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 43.7%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 43.2%
  • hematopoietic stem cell CL0000037
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 49.0%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 28.3%
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 47.5%
  • plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human CL0001058
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 47.0%
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 38.8%
  • pancreatic A cell CL0000171
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.9%
  • neuroendocrine cell CL0000165
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 63.1%
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 48.7%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 44.1%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 3.4%
    PRS 50.5%
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 7.2%
    PRS 38.2%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [IVD](/details-gene/3712), or isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 15q15.1. It encodes a critical mitochondrial matrix enzyme that plays a key role in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acid L-leucine. Specifically, it catalyzes the third step in the leucine degradation pathway. Mutations in the [IVD](/details-gene/3712) gene are the cause of isovaleric acidemia ([243500](https://omim.org/entry/243500)), an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism characterized by the accumulation of isovaleric acid and its derivatives ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1172/jci114536)). Expression data indicates that while [IVD](/details-gene/3712) is broadly significant across many cell types, it is particularly prominent in cells with high metabolic demands, such as [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602)s, [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099)s, and [lung neuroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL1000223)s, suggesting a fundamental role in cellular energy homeostasis. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape **Overall**, the expression profile of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) highlights its importance as a core metabolic enzyme across a diverse range of tissues. The gene shows the highest significance in cells that are critical for barrier function and neuronal activity, including [cerebral cortex endothelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001602) (CSI: 10.29) and various neuronal subtypes like [interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000099) (CSI: 9.10) and [peripheral nervous system neuron](/details-cell/CL2000032) (CSI: 6.20). This suggests a vital role in providing energy for neurotransmission and maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Beyond the nervous system, [IVD](/details-gene/3712) is also significantly expressed in specialized secretory and sensory cells, such as [lung neuroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL1000223) (CSI: 8.61) and [retinal cone cell](/details-cell/CL0000573) (CSI: 5.13), which have high energetic requirements. Furthermore, its notable significance in immune cells, including [dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001056) (CSI: 5.87) and [Kupffer cell](/details-cell/CL0000091) (CSI: 4.67), points towards a potential role for leucine catabolism in fueling immune surveillance and response. The broad, yet specific, pattern of high expression in metabolically active cells like [regular ventricular cardiac myocyte](/details-cell/CL0002131)s and [kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL1001111)s underscores its fundamental role in cellular metabolism. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functionally, [IVD](/details-gene/3712) is intrinsically linked to amino acid metabolism. Gene Ontology annotations place it centrally in the [L-leucine catabolic process](/details-cell/GO:0006552) and the broader [branched-chain amino acid catabolic process](/details-cell/GO:0009083). As a mitochondrial enzyme ([GO:0005759](/details-cell/GO:0005759)), its molecular function involves [3-methylbutanoyl-coa dehydrogenase activity](/details-cell/GO:0008470) and requires [flavin adenine dinucleotide binding](/details-cell/GO:0050660) to carry out the dehydrogenation of isovaleryl-CoA ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1021/bi970422u)). The Reactome pathway database further clarifies its role, placing it within the [Branched-chain amino acid catabolism](/details-cell/R-HSA-70895) pathway. Its clinical relevance is highlighted by its direct involvement in [Isovaleric acidemia](/details-cell/R-HSA-9914355), which is classified under [Diseases of branched-chain amino acid catabolism](/details-cell/R-HSA-9865118). Research has characterized various mutations that lead to this disease, often resulting in RNA splicing errors, truncated precursor proteins, and impaired mitochondrial import ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1086/302751), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45906-6)). ## Research Directions The widespread significance of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) in metabolically active cells opens up several avenues for further investigation beyond its known role in isovaleric acidemia. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. The high significance of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) in both neurons and cerebrovascular endothelium suggests that leucine catabolism is a critical pathway for energy production within the neurovascular unit. Subclinical variations in [IVD](/details-gene/3712) activity may influence cognitive function or susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases by modulating local energy supply and mitigating metabolic stress. 2. The notable expression of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) in professional antigen-presenting cells, such as [dendritic cell, human](/details-cell/CL0001056) and [Kupffer cell](/details-cell/CL0000091), indicates that leucine catabolism may be an essential metabolic program supporting their activation, migration, and T-cell priming functions. Inhibition of this pathway could represent a novel mechanism for immunomodulation. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding the role of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) in immune function, a series of experiments could be conducted. One could generate a conditional knockout of [IVD](/details-gene/3712) in murine dendritic cells (DCs). These `IVD`-deficient DCs and wild-type controls would be stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Their metabolic profiles could then be assessed using Seahorse XF analysis to measure glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Functional consequences would be evaluated by quantifying cytokine secretion (e.g., IL-12, TNF-alpha) via ELISA and by assessing their ability to activate antigen-specific T cells in a co-culture assay, measuring T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. **Therapeutic Potential:** As mutations in [IVD](/details-gene/3712) lead to a loss-of-function metabolic disorder, it is not a candidate for therapeutic inhibition. Instead, therapeutic strategies for isovaleric acidemia ([243500](https://omim.org/entry/243500)) focus on restoring or bypassing its function. Current management involves dietary protein restriction and supplementation with glycine and L-carnitine. Future therapeutic avenues could include enzyme replacement therapy or gene therapy aimed at delivering a functional copy of the [IVD](/details-gene/3712) gene to relevant tissues, most notably the liver. Its broad expression pattern, however, may pose a challenge for systemic gene delivery.

Genular Protein ID: 4110251337

Symbol: IVD_HUMAN

Name: Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2318964

Title: Nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA encoding human isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase and its expression in isovaleric acidemia fibroblasts.

PubMed ID: 2318964

DOI: 10.1172/jci114536

PubMed ID: 10677295

Title: Exon skipping in IVD RNA processing in isovaleric acidemia caused by point mutations in the coding region of the IVD gene.

PubMed ID: 10677295

DOI: 10.1086/302751

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16572171

Title: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15.

PubMed ID: 16572171

DOI: 10.1038/nature04601

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8468053

Title: Structural organization of the human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene.

PubMed ID: 8468053

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1111

PubMed ID: 1310317

Title: The variant human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene responsible for type II isovaleric acidemia determines an RNA splicing error, leading to the deletion of the entire second coding exon and the production of a truncated precursor protein that interacts poorly with mitochondrial import receptors.

PubMed ID: 1310317

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45906-6

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 7640268

Title: Identification of the active site catalytic residue in human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 7640268

DOI: 10.1021/bi00032a007

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 9214289

Title: Structure of human isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase at 2.6-A resolution: structural basis for substrate specificity.

PubMed ID: 9214289

DOI: 10.1021/bi970422u

PubMed ID: 2063866

Title: Molecular characterization of four different classes of mutations in the isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene responsible for isovaleric acidemia.

PubMed ID: 2063866

PubMed ID: 9665741

Title: Characterization of molecular defects in isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in patients with isovaleric acidemia.

PubMed ID: 9665741

DOI: 10.1021/bi973096r

PubMed ID: 22004070

Title: Phenotypic and mutation spectrums of Thai patients with isovaleric acidemia.

PubMed ID: 22004070

DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03488.x

PubMed ID: 22350545

Title: Clinical variability of isovaleric acidemia in a genetically homogeneous population.

PubMed ID: 22350545

DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9457-2

PubMed ID: 23587913

Title: Two novel isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase gene mutations in a Chinese infant.

PubMed ID: 23587913

DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.139

PubMed ID: 28535199

Title: Genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with isovaleric acidaemia: comparative structural modelling and computational analysis of novel variants.

PubMed ID: 28535199

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx195

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 426
  • Mass: 46651
  • Checksum: D744DA85752BF307
  • Sequence:
  • MAEMATATRL LGWRVASWRL RPPLAGFVSQ RAHSLLPVDD AINGLSEEQR QLRQTMAKFL 
    QEHLAPKAQE IDRSNEFKNL REFWKQLGNL GVLGITAPVQ YGGSGLGYLE HVLVMEEISR 
    ASGAVGLSYG AHSNLCINQL VRNGNEAQKE KYLPKLISGE YIGALAMSEP NAGSDVVSMK 
    LKAEKKGNHY ILNGNKFWIT NGPDADVLIV YAKTDLAAVP ASRGITAFIV EKGMPGFSTS 
    KKLDKLGMRG SNTCELIFED CKIPAANILG HENKGVYVLM SGLDLERLVL AGGPLGLMQA 
    VLDHTIPYLH VREAFGQKIG HFQLMQGKMA DMYTRLMACR QYVYNVAKAC DEGHCTAKDC 
    AGVILYSAEC ATQVALDGIQ CFGGNGYIND FPMGRFLRDA KLYEIGAGTS EVRRLVIGRA 
    FNADFH

Genular Protein ID: 329058693

Symbol: A0A0A0MT83_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16572171

Title: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15.

PubMed ID: 16572171

DOI: 10.1038/nature04601

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

PubMed ID: 26871637

Title: Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing.

PubMed ID: 26871637

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.029

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 423
  • Mass: 46319
  • Checksum: 121AF14C7F1FA13D
  • Sequence:
  • MATATRLLGW RVASWRLRPP LAGFVSQRAH SLLPVDDAIN GLSEEQRQLR QTMAKFLQEH 
    LAPKAQEIDR SNEFKNLREF WKQLGNLGVL GITAPVQYGG SGLGYLEHVL VMEEISRASG 
    AVGLSYGAHS NLCINQLVRN GNEAQKEKYL PKLISGEYIG ALAMSEPNAG SDVVSMKLKA 
    EKKGNHYILN GNKFWITNGP DADVLIVYAK TDLAAVPASR GITAFIVEKG MPGFSTSKKL 
    DKLGMRGSNT CELIFEDCKI PAANILGHEN KGVYVLMSGL DLERLVLAGG PLGLMQAVLD 
    HTIPYLHVRE AFGQKIGHFQ LMQGKMADMY TRLMACRQYV YNVAKACDEG HCTAKDCAGV 
    ILYSAECATQ VALDGIQCFG GNGYINDFPM GRFLRDAKLY EIGAGTSEVR RLVIGRAFNA 
    DFH

Genular Protein ID: 4161770915

Symbol: A0A0S2Z4K7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16572171

Title: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15.

PubMed ID: 16572171

DOI: 10.1038/nature04601

PubMed ID: 26871637

Title: Widespread Expansion of Protein Interaction Capabilities by Alternative Splicing.

PubMed ID: 26871637

DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.01.029

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 393
  • Mass: 42724
  • Checksum: 6C75C436286F2617
  • Sequence:
  • MATATRLLGW RVASWRLRPP LAGFVSQRAH SLLPVDDAIN GLSEEQRQEF WKQLGNLGVL 
    GITAPVQYGG SGLGYLEHVL VMEEISRASG AVGLSYGAHS NLCINQLVRN GNEAQKEKYL 
    PKLISGEYIG ALAMSEPNAG SDVVSMKLKA EKKGNHYILN GNKFWITNGP DADVLIVYAK 
    TDLAAVPASR GITAFIVEKG MPGFSTSKKL DKLGMRGSNT CELIFEDCKI PAANILGHEN 
    KGVYVLMSGL DLERLVLAGG PLGLMQAVLD HTIPYLHVRE AFGQKIGHFQ LMQGKMADMY 
    TRLMACRQYV YNVAKACDEG HCTAKDCAGV ILYSAECATQ VALDGIQCFG GNGYINDFPM 
    GRFLRDAKLY EIGAGTSEVR RLVIGRAFNA DFH