Details for: KRT16

Gene ID: 3868

Symbol: KRT16

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000186832

Description: keratin 16

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: 36.0619
    Cell Significance Index: 309.8800
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 27.9051
    Cell Significance Index: 82.9900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 7.4632
    Cell Significance Index: 94.3000
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 3.2824
    Cell Significance Index: 7.4000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.0796
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7400
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.6962
    Cell Significance Index: 219.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.7608
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0500
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3530
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.3400
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.2988
    Cell Significance Index: 22.2700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2359
    Cell Significance Index: 104.2800
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.1942
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6500
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.1694
    Cell Significance Index: 8.8000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 0.1252
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7800
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: 21.4600
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0200
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0016
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2200
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2600
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1100
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -11.9900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0140
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3400
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0194
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0290
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1800
  • Cell Name: eosinophil (CL0000771)
    Fold Change: -0.0298
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3800
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0468
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0616
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0689
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0769
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0833
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0925
    Cell Significance Index: -15.7900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1093
    Cell Significance Index: -11.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7700
  • Cell Name: reticular cell (CL0000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1475
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1503
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0900
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.1506
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1507
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1539
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1841
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lacrimal sac (CL1000436)
    Fold Change: -0.2071
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.2095
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.2194
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.2303
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4400
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.2370
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9200
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2375
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2406
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stratum germinativum of esophagus (CL1000447)
    Fold Change: -0.2595
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.2977
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2600
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3181
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3700
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron (CL4023064)
    Fold Change: -0.3315
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.3336
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6900
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.3518
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.3569
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.3691
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3760
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.3785
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.3831
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.3963
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6200
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.4038
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0700
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.4091
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.4124
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.4266
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.4277
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2100
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: -0.4300
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9800
  • Cell Name: T-helper 17 cell (CL0000899)
    Fold Change: -0.4574
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4900
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.4649
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1800
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: -0.4838
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8900
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.4849
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8900
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.5138
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0900
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.5163
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.5230
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.5279
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.5415
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5100
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: -0.5492
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.5562
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2800
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: -0.5661
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3100
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.5707
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3300
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.5824
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3600
  • Cell Name: monocyte-derived dendritic cell (CL0011031)
    Fold Change: -0.5856
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0600
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.5991
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.6042
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.6104
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0000
  • Cell Name: leukocyte (CL0000738)
    Fold Change: -0.6123
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4000
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.6133
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7900
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.6171
    Cell Significance Index: -12.3900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.6281
    Cell Significance Index: -13.0300
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.6295
    Cell Significance Index: -10.5400
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: -0.6361
    Cell Significance Index: -7.5700
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.6478
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8100
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: -0.6549
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3900
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.6557
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3900
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.6564
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.6572
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** 1. **Expression Pattern**: KRT16 is predominantly expressed in epithelial cells, including stratified squamous epithelium, basal cells, and stem cells of the epidermis. 2. **Cellular Localization**: KRT16 is localized to the cytoskeleton, specifically to intermediate filaments, which provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape. 3. **Protein Structure**: KRT16 is a type I keratin, consisting of two identical polypeptide chains, α-helical coiled-coil regions, and a short N-terminal tail. 4. **Post-translational Modifications**: KRT16 undergoes various post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation, which regulate its function and interactions. **Pathways and Functions** 1. **Cytoskeleton Organization**: KRT16 contributes to the organization and stability of the cytoskeleton, particularly intermediate filaments, which provide mechanical support and maintain cell shape. 2. **Epithelial Cell Differentiation**: KRT16 plays a crucial role in epithelial cell differentiation, particularly in keratinocyte differentiation, where it helps regulate the transition from a stem cell to a mature epithelial cell. 3. **Skin Barrier Formation**: KRT16 is essential for the formation of the cornified envelope, a critical component of the skin barrier, which prevents water loss and protects against environmental stresses. 4. **Inflammatory Response**: KRT16 can modulate the inflammatory response by regulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. 5. **Cell Migration**: KRT16 can influence cell migration by regulating the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules. **Clinical Significance** 1. **Skin Disorders**: Mutations or alterations in KRT16 expression have been linked to various skin disorders, including epidermolysis bullosa simplex, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and ichthyosis vulgaris. 2. **Cancer**: Aberrant KRT16 expression has been observed in various cancers, including skin cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer, suggesting its potential role in tumorigenesis. 3. **Inflammatory Diseases**: KRT16 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, where it may contribute to the regulation of the inflammatory response. 4. **Wound Healing**: KRT16 plays a critical role in wound healing, particularly in the formation of the skin barrier, which is essential for tissue repair and regeneration. In conclusion, KRT16 is a vital component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells, playing a crucial role in maintaining cell integrity, regulating epithelial cell differentiation, and modulating the inflammatory response. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various skin disorders, cancers, and inflammatory diseases, highlighting its importance in human health and disease.

Genular Protein ID: 1968005274

Symbol: K1C16_HUMAN

Name: Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2431270

Title: Three tightly linked genes encoding human type I keratins: conservation of sequence in the 5'-untranslated leader and 5'-upstream regions of coexpressed keratin genes.

PubMed ID: 2431270

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.6.2.539-548.1986

PubMed ID: 2451124

Title: A group of type I keratin genes on human chromosome 17: characterization and expression.

PubMed ID: 2451124

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.722-736.1988

PubMed ID: 7487986

Title: cDNA cloning and bacterial expression of the human type I keratin 16.

PubMed ID: 7487986

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2495

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7539673

Title: Keratin 16 and keratin 17 mutations cause pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 7539673

DOI: 10.1038/ng0395-273

PubMed ID: 1286667

Title: Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes.

PubMed ID: 1286667

DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501301199

PubMed ID: 11840567

Title: Cluster analysis of an extensive human breast cancer cell line protein expression map database.

PubMed ID: 11840567

DOI: 10.1002/1615-9861(200202)2:2<212::aid-prot212>3.0.co;2-h

PubMed ID: 15731013

Title: Identification of trichoplein, a novel keratin filament-binding protein.

PubMed ID: 15731013

DOI: 10.1242/jcs.01667

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 26758872

Title: Keratin 12 missense mutation induces the unfolded protein response and apoptosis in Meesmann epithelial corneal dystrophy.

PubMed ID: 26758872

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw001

PubMed ID: 8595410

Title: Novel mutations in keratin 16 gene underly focal nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (NEPPK) in two families.

PubMed ID: 8595410

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/4.10.1875

PubMed ID: 10606845

Title: Novel proline substitution mutations in keratin 16 in two cases of pachyonychia congenita type 1.

PubMed ID: 10606845

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.03198.x

PubMed ID: 10521820

Title: Cloning of multiple keratin 16 genes facilitates prenatal diagnosis of pachyonychia congenita type 1.

PubMed ID: 10521820

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0223(199910)19:10<941::aid-pd663>3.3.co;2-n

PubMed ID: 10839714

Title: Novel keratin 16 mutations and protein expression studies in pachyonychia congenita type 1 and focal palmoplantar keratoderma.

PubMed ID: 10839714

DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009003170.x

PubMed ID: 10844556

Title: A mutation in the V1 domain of K16 is responsible for unilateral palmoplantar verrucous nevus.

PubMed ID: 10844556

DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00983.x

PubMed ID: 11359398

Title: Delayed-onset pachyonychia congenita associated with a novel mutation in the central 2B domain of keratin 16.

PubMed ID: 11359398

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04199.x

PubMed ID: 11886499

Title: Novel and recurrent mutations in the genes encoding keratins K6a, K16 and K17 in 13 cases of pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 11886499

DOI: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01565.x

PubMed ID: 16250206

Title: The genetic basis of pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 16250206

DOI: 10.1111/j.1087-0024.2005.10204.x

PubMed ID: 17719747

Title: A spectrum of mutations in keratins K6a, K16 and K17 causing pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 17719747

DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2007.07.003

PubMed ID: 21326300

Title: A large mutational study in pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 21326300

DOI: 10.1038/jid.2011.20

PubMed ID: 21160496

Title: Genotype-phenotype correlations among pachyonychia congenita patients with K16 mutations.

PubMed ID: 21160496

DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.373

PubMed ID: 22668561

Title: Two novel de novo mutations of KRT6A and KRT16 genes in two Chinese pachyonychia congenita pedigrees with fissured tongue or diffuse plantar keratoderma.

PubMed ID: 22668561

DOI: 10.1684/ejd.2012.1773

PubMed ID: 24118415

Title: A new KRT16 mutation associated with a phenotype of pachyonychia congenita.

PubMed ID: 24118415

DOI: 10.1111/exd.12262

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 473
  • Mass: 51268
  • Checksum: BA8CE9F4716A88A4
  • Sequence:
  • MTTCSRQFTS SSSMKGSCGI GGGIGGGSSR ISSVLAGGSC RAPSTYGGGL SVSSRFSSGG 
    ACGLGGGYGG GFSSSSSFGS GFGGGYGGGL GAGFGGGLGA GFGGGFAGGD GLLVGSEKVT 
    MQNLNDRLAS YLDKVRALEE ANADLEVKIR DWYQRQRPSE IKDYSPYFKT IEDLRNKIIA 
    ATIENAQPIL QIDNARLAAD DFRTKYEHEL ALRQTVEADV NGLRRVLDEL TLARTDLEMQ 
    IEGLKEELAY LRKNHEEEML ALRGQTGGDV NVEMDAAPGV DLSRILNEMR DQYEQMAEKN 
    RRDAETWFLS KTEELNKEVA SNSELVQSSR SEVTELRRVL QGLEIELQSQ LSMKASLENS 
    LEETKGRYCM QLSQIQGLIG SVEEQLAQLR CEMEQQSQEY QILLDVKTRL EQEIATYRRL 
    LEGEDAHLSS QQASGQSYSS REVFTSSSSS SSRQTRPILK EQSSSSFSQG QSS

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.