Details for: NPR2

Gene ID: 4882

Symbol: NPR2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159899

Description: natriuretic peptide receptor 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 56.6716
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 34.6944
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8000
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 7.1880
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8600
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 2.2478
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8700
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: 1.4045
    Cell Significance Index: 34.0200
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.9709
    Cell Significance Index: 671.5400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.8632
    Cell Significance Index: 164.2700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6686
    Cell Significance Index: 66.1400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4953
    Cell Significance Index: 447.1800
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.4142
    Cell Significance Index: 9.0700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.3569
    Cell Significance Index: 58.0500
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3346
    Cell Significance Index: 67.1200
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.3240
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.3155
    Cell Significance Index: 34.3200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.2506
    Cell Significance Index: 49.7400
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.2044
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3700
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1945
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1831
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9900
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.1479
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.1279
    Cell Significance Index: 45.8900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.1027
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0991
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.0942
    Cell Significance Index: 12.0700
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.0933
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.0927
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0588
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2300
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.0553
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0528
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.0478
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7200
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.0441
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0355
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0323
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4300
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0311
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0284
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0273
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: 2.3100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0042
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0044
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0500
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0097
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5500
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4700
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -10.7400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0377
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7100
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.0605
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0605
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2800
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0625
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0671
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0680
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0724
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8600
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0738
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6000
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0803
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0819
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0837
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.0847
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3400
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0853
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0867
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0912
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0942
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0000
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0991
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0999
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.1006
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1063
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4800
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.1067
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1115
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3100
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1149
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0200
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1171
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1291
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3300
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1332
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.1335
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1403
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1423
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1427
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0000
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1434
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4800
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.1479
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1605
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6000
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: -0.1666
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1752
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.1929
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1700
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.1979
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** NPR2 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds to natriuretic peptides, such as atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and guanylyl cyclase-activating peptide (UdCA). This binding event triggers a cascade of downstream signaling pathways, leading to the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), a key second messenger involved in various cellular processes. NPR2 is highly expressed in multiple cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and neural cells, highlighting its widespread involvement in tissue homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions:** NPR2 is involved in numerous signaling pathways, including: 1. **Cardiac conduction and regulation of blood pressure:** NPR2 mediates the effects of ANP, which is released by the heart in response to increased stretch and pressure. This receptor activation leads to vasodilation, reducing blood pressure and promoting cardiac relaxation. 2. **Cellular response to cGMP:** NPR2 is a cGMP receptor, and its activation leads to the production of cGMP, which regulates various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. 3. **Neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity:** NPR2 is expressed in neuronal cells and plays a role in regulating neurotransmission, including the modulation of synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability. 4. **Immune cell regulation:** NPR2 is involved in the regulation of immune cell function, including the suppression of inflammation and the promotion of immune tolerance. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of NPR2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cardiovascular disorders:** NPR2 dysfunction has been linked to hypertension, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. 2. **Neurological disorders:** NPR2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 3. **Immune system disorders:** NPR2 dysregulation has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. In conclusion, NPR2 is a multifaceted gene that plays a critical role in regulating various cellular processes, including cell signaling, differentiation, and development. Its dysregulation has been implicated in numerous diseases, highlighting the importance of NPR2 in maintaining tissue homeostasis and overall health. **Future Directions:** Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which NPR2 regulates cellular processes and to explore its therapeutic potential in disease models. Additionally, the development of NPR2-targeting therapies may provide novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of diseases associated with NPR2 dysfunction.

Genular Protein ID: 2184442868

Symbol: ANPRB_HUMAN

Name: Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2570358

Title: Differential activation by atrial and brain natriuretic peptides of two different receptor guanylate cyclases.

PubMed ID: 2570358

DOI: 10.1038/341068a0

PubMed ID: 10082481

Title: Structure of the type B human natriuretic peptide receptor gene and association of a novel microsatellite polymorphism with essential hypertension.

PubMed ID: 10082481

DOI: 10.1161/01.res.84.5.605

PubMed ID: 10073597

Title: cGMP-dependent and -independent inhibition of a K+ conductance by natriuretic peptides: molecular and functional studies in human proximal tubule cells.

PubMed ID: 10073597

DOI: 10.1681/asn.v103472

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1660465

Title: Extracellular domain-IgG fusion proteins for three human natriuretic peptide receptors. Hormone pharmacology and application to solid phase screening of synthetic peptide antisera.

PubMed ID: 1660465

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)54463-x

PubMed ID: 1672777

Title: Selective activation of the B natriuretic peptide receptor by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP).

PubMed ID: 1672777

DOI: 10.1126/science.1672777

PubMed ID: 14759258

Title: An unappreciated role for RNA surveillance.

PubMed ID: 14759258

DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-r8

PubMed ID: 15146390

Title: Mutations in the transmembrane natriuretic peptide receptor NPR-B impair skeletal growth and cause acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux.

PubMed ID: 15146390

DOI: 10.1086/422013

PubMed ID: 20977274

Title: Mass spectrometric identification of phosphorylation sites in guanylyl cyclase A and B.

PubMed ID: 20977274

DOI: 10.1021/bi101700e

PubMed ID: 17344846

Title: Patterns of somatic mutation in human cancer genomes.

PubMed ID: 17344846

DOI: 10.1038/nature05610

PubMed ID: 22870295

Title: An overgrowth disorder associated with excessive production of cGMP due to a gain-of-function mutation of the natriuretic peptide receptor 2 gene.

PubMed ID: 22870295

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042180

PubMed ID: 24001744

Title: Heterozygous mutations in natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR2) gene as a cause of short stature in patients initially classified as idiopathic short stature.

PubMed ID: 24001744

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2142

PubMed ID: 24471569

Title: Identification and functional characterization of two novel NPR2 mutations in Japanese patients with short stature.

PubMed ID: 24471569

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3525

PubMed ID: 23827346

Title: A human skeletal overgrowth mutation increases maximal velocity and blocks desensitization of guanylyl cyclase-B.

PubMed ID: 23827346

DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.06.024

PubMed ID: 26980729

Title: Catalytically active guanylyl cyclase b requires endoplasmic reticulum-mediated glycosylation, and mutations that inhibit this process cause dwarfism.

PubMed ID: 26980729

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.704015

PubMed ID: 17652215

Title: Intact kinase homology domain of natriuretic peptide receptor-B is essential for skeletal development.

PubMed ID: 17652215

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-1101

PubMed ID: 24057292

Title: An activating mutation in the kinase homology domain of the natriuretic peptide receptor-2 causes extremely tall stature without skeletal deformities.

PubMed ID: 24057292

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2358

PubMed ID: 24259409

Title: Overgrowth syndrome associated with a gain-of-function mutation of the natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) gene.

PubMed ID: 24259409

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36218

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 1047
  • Mass: 117022
  • Checksum: 817FB74D6B31F7EF
  • Sequence:
  • MALPSLLLLV AALAGGVRPP GARNLTLAVV LPEHNLSYAW AWPRVGPAVA LAVEALGRAL 
    PVDLRFVSSE LEGACSEYLA PLSAVDLKLY HDPDLLLGPG CVYPAASVAR FASHWRLPLL 
    TAGAVASGFS AKNDHYRTLV RTGPSAPKLG EFVVTLHGHF NWTARAALLY LDARTDDRPH 
    YFTIEGVFEA LQGSNLSVQH QVYAREPGGP EQATHFIRAN GRIVYICGPL EMLHEILLQA 
    QRENLTNGDY VFFYLDVFGE SLRAGPTRAT GRPWQDNRTR EQAQALREAF QTVLVITYRE 
    PPNPEYQEFQ NRLLIRARED FGVELGPSLM NLIAGCFYDG ILLYAEVLNE TIQEGGTRED 
    GLRIVEKMQG RRYHGVTGLV VMDKNNDRET DFVLWAMGDL DSGDFQPAAH YSGAEKQIWW 
    TGRPIPWVKG APPSDNPPCA FDLDDPSCDK TPLSTLAIVA LGTGITFIMF GVSSFLIFRK 
    LMLEKELASM LWRIRWEELQ FGNSERYHKG AGSRLTLSLR GSSYGSLMTA HGKYQIFANT 
    GHFKGNVVAI KHVNKKRIEL TRQVLFELKH MRDVQFNHLT RFIGACIDPP NICIVTEYCP 
    RGSLQDILEN DSINLDWMFR YSLINDLVKG MAFLHNSIIS SHGSLKSSNC VVDSRFVLKI 
    TDYGLASFRS TAEPDDSHAL YAKKLWTAPE LLSGNPLPTT GMQKADVYSF GIILQEIALR 
    SGPFYLEGLD LSPKEIVQKV RNGQRPYFRP SIDRTQLNEE LVLLMERCWA QDPAERPDFG 
    QIKGFIRRFN KEGGTSILDN LLLRMEQYAN NLEKLVEERT QAYLEEKRKA EALLYQILPH 
    SVAEQLKRGE TVQAEAFDSV TIYFSDIVGF TALSAESTPM QVVTLLNDLY TCFDAIIDNF 
    DVYKVETIGD AYMVVSGLPG RNGQRHAPEI ARMALALLDA VSSFRIRHRP HDQLRLRIGV 
    HTGPVCAGVV GLKMPRYCLF GDTVNTASRM ESNGQALKIH VSSTTKDALD ELGCFQLELR 
    GDVEMKGKGK MRTYWLLGER KGPPGLL

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.