Details for: GMNN

Gene ID: 51053

Symbol: GMNN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000112312

Description: geminin DNA replication inhibitor

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 90.2054
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8800
  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 76.3122
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8700
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 63.6246
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 54.6574
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8100
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 51.8883
    Cell Significance Index: -21.0800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 38.5159
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 22.1945
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 19.7736
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.0206
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1700
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.6598
    Cell Significance Index: -26.2800
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 4.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 207.8800
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 2.8965
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 2.8289
    Cell Significance Index: 26.0500
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 2.3897
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 2.1248
    Cell Significance Index: 96.3100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.0201
    Cell Significance Index: 30.2700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 1.8587
    Cell Significance Index: 228.5400
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.7414
    Cell Significance Index: 313.9300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.4567
    Cell Significance Index: 31.5600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.0385
    Cell Significance Index: 11.2900
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 1.0028
    Cell Significance Index: 118.2600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.8912
    Cell Significance Index: 23.8400
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 0.8081
    Cell Significance Index: 18.6700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.7896
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.7745
    Cell Significance Index: 153.7100
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.7562
    Cell Significance Index: 52.3000
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 0.7157
    Cell Significance Index: 24.8700
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.6874
    Cell Significance Index: 620.6800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.6567
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9200
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6457
    Cell Significance Index: 17.2400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5042
    Cell Significance Index: 275.3400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.4701
    Cell Significance Index: 9.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.4357
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.4345
    Cell Significance Index: 24.3800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.4284
    Cell Significance Index: 31.9300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.4250
    Cell Significance Index: 187.8900
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.3840
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.3657
    Cell Significance Index: 10.2200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.3524
    Cell Significance Index: 48.3900
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.3437
    Cell Significance Index: 9.2100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3109
    Cell Significance Index: 59.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: 0.2919
    Cell Significance Index: 33.3200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2845
    Cell Significance Index: 20.1200
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.2165
    Cell Significance Index: 27.7600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.2160
    Cell Significance Index: 36.8800
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.1921
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0500
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.1474
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.1422
    Cell Significance Index: 14.0700
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.0813
    Cell Significance Index: 5.1300
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0595
    Cell Significance Index: 21.3300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0518
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3900
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5200
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0208
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0162
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0098
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2900
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5800
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0117
    Cell Significance Index: -21.5200
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6100
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0172
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4400
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: -32.8200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0288
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0367
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0493
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5900
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0510
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0555
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9600
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: -0.0576
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0638
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0740
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0818
    Cell Significance Index: -11.8900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1124
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1000
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1407
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1517
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0700
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1670
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2030
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9800
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2304
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2374
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2442
    Cell Significance Index: -25.4300
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: -0.2580
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2622
    Cell Significance Index: -20.7700
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2765
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9500
  • Cell Name: helper T cell (CL0000912)
    Fold Change: -0.2801
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2920
    Cell Significance Index: -22.4100
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.3144
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.3167
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3642
    Cell Significance Index: -24.4900
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: -0.3820
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0500
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.4059
    Cell Significance Index: -3.3100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.4211
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.4299
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6200
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.4578
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2500
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.4735
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.4799
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4910
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6200

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** Geminin's key characteristics include: 1. **DNA replication inhibitor**: Geminin binds to the origin of replication, preventing the assembly of the pre-replicative complex and inhibiting DNA replication. 2. **Cell cycle regulator**: Geminin's activity is tightly regulated during the cell cycle, with its expression and activity peaking during the G1 phase. 3. **Specific expression**: Geminin is highly expressed in stem cells, oogonia, and certain types of epithelial cells, including bladder urothelial cells, pancreatic ductal cells, and glandular epithelial cells. 4. **Conserved function**: Geminin's function is conserved across species, with orthologs found in insects, mammals, and other organisms. **Pathways and Functions** Geminin is involved in several key pathways and processes, including: 1. **Activation of the pre-replicative complex**: Geminin binds to the origin of replication, preventing the assembly of the pre-replicative complex and inhibiting DNA replication. 2. **Regulation of DNA replication**: Geminin's activity ensures that DNA replication occurs only once per cell cycle, maintaining genome stability and preventing the propagation of errors. 3. **Negative regulation of cell cycle**: Geminin's inhibition of DNA replication prevents the cell cycle from progressing, ensuring that DNA damage is not replicated. 4. **Regulation of mitotic cell cycle**: Geminin's activity is also involved in regulating the mitotic cell cycle, ensuring that DNA replication is not replicated during mitosis. **Clinical Significance** Dysregulation of geminin's activity has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cancer**: Geminin's inhibition of DNA replication can lead to genomic instability, contributing to tumorigenesis. 2. **Genetic disorders**: Mutations in the GMNN gene have been associated with genetic disorders, such as X-linked mental retardation and X-linked immunodeficiency. 3. **Reproductive disorders**: Geminin's role in oogenesis and spermatogenesis makes it a potential target for the treatment of reproductive disorders, such as infertility. In conclusion, geminin is a critical protein that plays a pivotal role in regulating DNA replication and cell cycle progression. Its specific expression and conserved function across species make it an attractive target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases, including cancer, genetic disorders, and reproductive disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1893280362

Symbol: GEMI_HUMAN

Name: Geminin

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O75496 B3KMM8 Q9H1Z1

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CORUM 1 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 ComplexPortal 4 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 19 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 IDEAL 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 6 PDBsum 6 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 3 RefSeq 5 SASBDB 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9635433

Title: Geminin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, is degraded during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 9635433

DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81209-x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 14993212

Title: Cdt1 phosphorylation by cyclin A-dependent kinases negatively regulates its function without affecting geminin binding.

PubMed ID: 14993212

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313175200

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 20129055

Title: HBO1 histone acetylase activity is essential for DNA replication licensing and inhibited by Geminin.

PubMed ID: 20129055

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.012

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 21543332

Title: Idas, a novel phylogenetically conserved geminin-related protein, binds to geminin and is required for cell cycle progression.

PubMed ID: 21543332

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.207688

PubMed ID: 22645314

Title: Dynamic association of ORCA with prereplicative complex components regulates DNA replication initiation.

PubMed ID: 22645314

DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00362-12

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 26637980

Title: De Novo GMNN Mutations Cause Autosomal-Dominant Primordial Dwarfism Associated with Meier-Gorlin Syndrome.

PubMed ID: 26637980

DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.11.006

PubMed ID: 15313623

Title: Crystal structure of the coiled-coil dimerization motif of geminin: structural and functional insights on DNA replication regulation.

PubMed ID: 15313623

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.06.065

PubMed ID: 15260975

Title: A dimerized coiled-coil domain and an adjoining part of geminin interact with two sites on Cdt1 for replication inhibition.

PubMed ID: 15260975

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.06.045

PubMed ID: 15378034

Title: Molecular structure of human geminin.

PubMed ID: 15378034

DOI: 10.1038/nsmb835

PubMed ID: 19906994

Title: Quaternary structure of the human Cdt1-Geminin complex regulates DNA replication licensing.

PubMed ID: 19906994

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905281106

PubMed ID: 22615398

Title: Structural basis for homeodomain recognition by the cell-cycle regulator Geminin.

PubMed ID: 22615398

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1200874109

PubMed ID: 24064211

Title: The Geminin and Idas coiled coils preferentially form a heterodimer that inhibits Geminin function in DNA replication licensing.

PubMed ID: 24064211

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491928

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 209
  • Mass: 23565
  • Checksum: 0BABE60F6F5AC252
  • Sequence:
    • MNPSMKQKQE EIKENIKNSS VPRRTLKMIQ PSASGSLVGR ENELSAGLSK RKHRNDHLTS 
TTSSPGVIVP ESSENKNLGG VTQESFDLMI KENPSSQYWK EVAEKRRKAL YEALKENEKL 
HKEIEQKDNE IARLKKENKE LAEVAEHVQY MAELIERLNG EPLDNFESLD NQEFDSEEET 
VEDSLVEDSE IGTCAEGTVS SSTDAKPCI

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.