Details for: INSIG2

Gene ID: 51141

Symbol: INSIG2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000125629

Description: insulin induced gene 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 166.6396
    Cell Significance Index: -25.9200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 98.7213
    Cell Significance Index: -25.0400
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 65.0083
    Cell Significance Index: -26.7800
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 61.4671
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0200
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 58.3621
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 54.0840
    Cell Significance Index: -27.8200
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 43.2475
    Cell Significance Index: -29.0200
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 25.1272
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 21.9473
    Cell Significance Index: -27.0600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 9.1046
    Cell Significance Index: -24.3900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.8892
    Cell Significance Index: -27.1900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 6.7330
    Cell Significance Index: -20.6800
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 4.0072
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7700
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.9069
    Cell Significance Index: 310.1500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.6563
    Cell Significance Index: 328.7000
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 1.5751
    Cell Significance Index: 25.2700
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.1007
    Cell Significance Index: 66.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.0930
    Cell Significance Index: 118.8900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.8399
    Cell Significance Index: 168.4800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5723
    Cell Significance Index: 39.5800
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5416
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.5314
    Cell Significance Index: 35.7300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.5297
    Cell Significance Index: 289.2600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.4649
    Cell Significance Index: 419.7400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.4232
    Cell Significance Index: 11.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.4226
    Cell Significance Index: 22.1900
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.4102
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9100
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3946
    Cell Significance Index: 50.5800
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3435
    Cell Significance Index: 123.2100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.3274
    Cell Significance Index: 59.0200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.3248
    Cell Significance Index: 24.2100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.2962
    Cell Significance Index: 36.4200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.2851
    Cell Significance Index: 126.0700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.2610
    Cell Significance Index: 13.6000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.2450
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 0.2300
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.2299
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.2031
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5500
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.1767
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.1645
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1615
    Cell Significance Index: 7.5300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1611
    Cell Significance Index: 111.4200
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1606
    Cell Significance Index: 3.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1593
    Cell Significance Index: 27.2000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1560
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9000
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1356
    Cell Significance Index: 25.8100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.1114
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0974
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3700
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.0906
    Cell Significance Index: 10.6900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.0903
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0731
    Cell Significance Index: 112.5300
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0631
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2500
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: 53.6100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0282
    Cell Significance Index: 53.0700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: 9.5900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0150
    Cell Significance Index: 27.7100
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0058
    Cell Significance Index: 4.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0079
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0086
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0107
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0116
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0287
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.0368
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3000
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.0496
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0521
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0651
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0651
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0692
    Cell Significance Index: -19.9100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0802
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8900
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1094
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0600
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1143
    Cell Significance Index: -16.6200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.1331
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1339
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6100
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1380
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1538
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5600
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1675
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1861
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2212
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.2308
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.2481
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.2564
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7100
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.2612
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6700
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.2819
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.2832
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.3059
    Cell Significance Index: -24.2300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.3203
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.3222
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.3274
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6100
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.3808
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6200
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: -0.3939
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3800
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: -0.3939
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7000
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.4222
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4373
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2400
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.4619
    Cell Significance Index: -28.3200
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.4669
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** INSIG2 is a protein-coding gene that belongs to the insulin-induced gene family. It is induced by insulin signaling in the liver and adipose tissue. INSIG2's primary function is to regulate cholesterol metabolism by interacting with the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) complex, which is a key transcription factor involved in lipid synthesis. Additionally, INSIG2 has been implicated in the regulation of other metabolic pathways, including fatty acid and steroid biosynthesis. **Pathways and Functions:** INSIG2's involvement in various cellular processes can be attributed to its interactions with multiple signaling pathways. Some of the key pathways and functions associated with INSIG2 include: 1. **Cellular Response to Insulin Stimulus:** INSIG2 is induced by insulin signaling, which triggers a cascade of downstream effects, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. 2. **Cholesterol Biosynthetic Process:** INSIG2 interacts with the SREBP complex to regulate cholesterol synthesis, which is essential for maintaining lipid homeostasis. 3. **Regulation of Fatty Acid Biosynthesis:** INSIG2 has been shown to repress fatty acid biosynthesis, which helps to maintain energy balance and prevent excessive lipid accumulation. 4. **Oxysterol Binding:** INSIG2 binds to oxysterols, which are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, and regulates their availability to downstream effectors. 5. **Protein Binding and Sequestering:** INSIG2 has been shown to interact with various proteins, including the SREBP complex, and sequester them in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulating their activity. **Clinical Significance:** Dysregulation of INSIG2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Metabolic Disorders:** INSIG2's dysregulation has been linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidemia. 2. **Cancer:** Altered expression of INSIG2 has been observed in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, and colon cancer. 3. **Neurodegenerative Diseases:** INSIG2's involvement in cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress has led to its association with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In conclusion, INSIG2 is a multifaceted regulator of cholesterol metabolism, cell growth, and differentiation. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of INSIG2 in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and overall health. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying INSIG2's functions and its role in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 371197629

Symbol: INSI2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9Y5U4 A8K5W8 Q8TBI8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 6 EMDB 2 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 16 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 6 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 12242332

Title: Insig-2, a second endoplasmic reticulum protein that binds SCAP and blocks export of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins.

PubMed ID: 12242332

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.162488899

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17043353

Title: Sterol-regulated degradation of Insig-1 mediated by the membrane-bound ubiquitin ligase gp78.

PubMed ID: 17043353

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m608999200

PubMed ID: 16606821

Title: Juxtamembranous aspartic acid in Insig-1 and Insig-2 is required for cholesterol homeostasis.

PubMed ID: 16606821

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0601923103

PubMed ID: 17428920

Title: Sterol-regulated transport of SREBPs from endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi: oxysterols block transport by binding to Insig.

PubMed ID: 17428920

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700899104

PubMed ID: 20068067

Title: The TRC8 ubiquitin ligase is sterol regulated and interacts with lipid and protein biosynthetic pathways.

PubMed ID: 20068067

DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0491

PubMed ID: 26160948

Title: Crystal structure of a mycobacterial Insig homolog provides insight into how these sensors monitor sterol levels.

PubMed ID: 26160948

DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1091

PubMed ID: 22143767

Title: Sterol-induced degradation of HMG CoA reductase depends on interplay of two Insigs and two ubiquitin ligases, gp78 and Trc8.

PubMed ID: 22143767

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1112831108

PubMed ID: 28849786

Title: SREBP-regulated lipid metabolism: convergent physiology - divergent pathophysiology.

PubMed ID: 28849786

DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.91

PubMed ID: 29374057

Title: Ring finger protein 145 (RNF145) is a ubiquitin ligase for sterol-induced degradation of HMG-CoA reductase.

PubMed ID: 29374057

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001260

PubMed ID: 32322062

Title: The gluconeogenic enzyme PCK1 phosphorylates INSIG1/2 for lipogenesis.

PubMed ID: 32322062

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2183-2

PubMed ID: 31953408

Title: Competitive oxidation and ubiquitylation on the evolutionarily conserved cysteine confer tissue-specific stabilization of Insig-2.

PubMed ID: 31953408

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14231-w

PubMed ID: 23481256

Title: Rules for the recognition of dilysine retrieval motifs by coatomer.

PubMed ID: 23481256

DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.41

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 225
  • Mass: 24778
  • Checksum: 13E0392F1B30F08C
  • Sequence:
    • MAEGETESPG PKKCGPYISS VTSQSVNLMI RGVVLFFIGV FLALVLNLLQ IQRNVTLFPP 
DVIASIFSSA WWVPPCCGTA SAVIGLLYPC IDRHLGEPHK FKREWSSVMR CVAVFVGINH 
ASAKVDFDNN IQLSLTLAAL SIGLWWTFDR SRSGFGLGVG IAFLATVVTQ LLVYNGVYQY 
TSPDFLYVRS WLPCIFFAGG ITMGNIGRQL AMYECKVIAE KSHQE

Genular Protein ID: 167401965

Symbol: B4DQ23_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DQ23

Database IDs:

ARBA 9 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 5 InterPro 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 RefSeq 3 RuleBase 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 117
  • Mass: 12961
  • Checksum: B6E20F9CB3193B76
  • Sequence:
    • MRCVAVFVGI NHASAKVDFD NNIQLSLTLA ALSIGLWWTF DRSRSGFGLG VGIAFLATVV 
TQLLVYNGVY QYTSPDFLYV RSWLPCIFFA GGITMGNIGR QLAMYECKVI AEKSHQE

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.