Details for: DCXR

Gene ID: 51181

Symbol: DCXR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000169738

Description: dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 232.3440
    Cell Significance Index: -36.1400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 161.5260
    Cell Significance Index: -40.9700
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 107.2603
    Cell Significance Index: -50.6400
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 100.0806
    Cell Significance Index: -51.4800
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 75.4372
    Cell Significance Index: -50.6200
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 38.5659
    Cell Significance Index: -47.5500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 12.8686
    Cell Significance Index: -50.7800
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 11.3236
    Cell Significance Index: -34.7800
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 8.6072
    Cell Significance Index: -23.0600
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 5.7434
    Cell Significance Index: -12.5700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 5.1056
    Cell Significance Index: 238.0500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 4.9610
    Cell Significance Index: 578.1600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: 3.9895
    Cell Significance Index: 108.5900
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: 3.7877
    Cell Significance Index: 23.3100
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 3.5244
    Cell Significance Index: 32.4600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 2.8018
    Cell Significance Index: 208.8200
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 2.6688
    Cell Significance Index: 160.2200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.1700
    Cell Significance Index: 266.8300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 2.0334
    Cell Significance Index: 366.5500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 1.7693
    Cell Significance Index: 24.1400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.7580
    Cell Significance Index: 285.9200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 1.7469
    Cell Significance Index: 225.6900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 1.5328
    Cell Significance Index: 837.1000
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 1.4199
    Cell Significance Index: 66.7400
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 1.3312
    Cell Significance Index: 94.1500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 1.2554
    Cell Significance Index: 86.8200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 1.1185
    Cell Significance Index: 29.4100
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: 1.1055
    Cell Significance Index: 16.7900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.9678
    Cell Significance Index: 132.9000
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.9530
    Cell Significance Index: 421.3400
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.9242
    Cell Significance Index: 108.9900
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.8349
    Cell Significance Index: 8.6400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 0.7749
    Cell Significance Index: 16.2200
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.7503
    Cell Significance Index: 39.4000
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.7084
    Cell Significance Index: 36.8000
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.6521
    Cell Significance Index: 19.1500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6433
    Cell Significance Index: 127.6700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.6265
    Cell Significance Index: 80.3100
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.6049
    Cell Significance Index: 59.8400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 0.5703
    Cell Significance Index: 6.2000
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.5585
    Cell Significance Index: 12.1000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5529
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.5423
    Cell Significance Index: 92.6100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.5060
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.4993
    Cell Significance Index: 22.6300
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.4847
    Cell Significance Index: 3.8700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.4596
    Cell Significance Index: 29.6500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.4181
    Cell Significance Index: 79.5600
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: 0.4019
    Cell Significance Index: 31.8300
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.3636
    Cell Significance Index: 9.7100
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 0.3348
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.2699
    Cell Significance Index: 168.5700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.2518
    Cell Significance Index: 190.5700
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.2148
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1700
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: 0.2140
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: 0.1455
    Cell Significance Index: 106.6500
  • Cell Name: epidermal cell (CL0000362)
    Fold Change: 0.0843
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.0052
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.0115
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -11.7100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0276
    Cell Significance Index: -50.9300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -46.9300
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0437
    Cell Significance Index: -59.3700
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0481
    Cell Significance Index: -30.5600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0486
    Cell Significance Index: -27.4100
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.1031
    Cell Significance Index: -46.7900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1078
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.1255
    Cell Significance Index: -26.4400
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.1364
    Cell Significance Index: -39.2500
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.1935
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.1958
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.2429
    Cell Significance Index: -27.8300
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.2537
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9900
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.2740
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.2756
    Cell Significance Index: -40.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.2950
    Cell Significance Index: -33.6700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.3657
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1600
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.3912
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0100
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.3988
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3700
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: -0.4373
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.4842
    Cell Significance Index: -50.4200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.4885
    Cell Significance Index: -37.4900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.5592
    Cell Significance Index: -4.5600
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.5696
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: -0.5840
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7500
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: -0.5899
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1100
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.6116
    Cell Significance Index: -37.5900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.6831
    Cell Significance Index: -45.9300
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.6934
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.7021
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6700
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.7030
    Cell Significance Index: -39.4500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.7144
    Cell Significance Index: -19.1100
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.8159
    Cell Significance Index: -20.4000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Enzymatic activity:** DCXR exhibits L-xylulose reductase activity, which involves the reduction of L-xylulose to xylitol. This enzyme also has dicarbonyl reductase activity, allowing it to reduce dicarbonyl compounds, such as methylglyoxal. 2. **Cellular localization:** DCXR is expressed in a variety of cell types, including hematopoietic cells, smooth muscle fibers, epithelial cells, and immune cells like Langerhans cells and T cells. 3. **Signaling pathways:** The DCXR protein is involved in multiple signaling pathways, including those related to carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. 4. **Regulatory mechanisms:** DCXR expression is modulated by various factors, including transcriptional regulation and post-translational modifications. **Pathways and Functions:** DCXR participates in several key metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Carbohydrate metabolism:** DCXR is involved in the reduction of dicarbonyl compounds, which are intermediates in the glycolytic pathway. This enzyme helps to regulate the activity of glycolytic enzymes and maintain the balance of glucose metabolism. 2. **Oxidative stress response:** DCXR has been shown to play a role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. 3. **Inflammation and immune response:** DCXR expression is upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, suggesting its involvement in the regulation of immune responses and inflammation. **Clinical Significance:** DCXR has been implicated in several diseases, including: 1. **Essential pentosuria:** A benign genetic disorder characterized by the excessive excretion of xylulose in the urine due to a deficiency in DCXR activity. 2. **Metabolic disorders:** DCXR may play a role in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and its dysregulation has been linked to various metabolic disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. 3. **Inflammatory diseases:** The expression of DCXR in immune cells suggests its potential involvement in the regulation of inflammatory responses, which may contribute to the development of inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis and arthritis. In conclusion, the DCXR gene plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism and oxidative stress response, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which DCXR regulates these processes and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.

Genular Protein ID: 2218007120

Symbol: DCXR_HUMAN

Name: L-xylulose reductase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q7Z4W1 Q9BTZ3 Q9UHY9

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CPTAC 2 CTD 1 ChEBI 7 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 EC 2 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 17 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 3 PDBsum 3 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 2 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10385429

Title: P34H sperm protein is preferentially expressed by the human corpus epididymidis.

PubMed ID: 10385429

DOI: 10.1210/endo.140.7.6791

PubMed ID: 11882650

Title: Molecular characterization of mammalian dicarbonyl/L-xylulose reductase and its localization in kidney.

PubMed ID: 11882650

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110703200

PubMed ID: 12680326

Title: Molecular cloning of human sperm surface protein P34H gene and semi-quantitative analysis of its expression in testis and epididymidis.

PubMed ID: 12680326

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12665801

Title: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides.

PubMed ID: 12665801

DOI: 10.1038/nbt810

PubMed ID: 4392213

Title: The enzymatic defect in essential pentosuria.

PubMed ID: 4392213

DOI: 10.1056/nejm197004162821604

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 22042873

Title: Garrod's fourth inborn error of metabolism solved by the identification of mutations causing pentosuria.

PubMed ID: 22042873

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115888108

PubMed ID: 22223895

Title: Comparative large-scale characterisation of plant vs. mammal proteins reveals similar and idiosyncratic N-alpha acetylation features.

PubMed ID: 22223895

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015131

PubMed ID: 22814378

Title: N-terminal acetylome analyses and functional insights of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatB.

PubMed ID: 22814378

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1210303109

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 24129315

Title: Immunoaffinity enrichment and mass spectrometry analysis of protein methylation.

PubMed ID: 24129315

DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o113.027870

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 12136162

Title: Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of human L-xylulose reductase.

PubMed ID: 12136162

DOI: 10.1107/s0907444902008156

PubMed ID: 15103634

Title: Crystal structure of human L-xylulose reductase holoenzyme: probing the role of Asn107 with site-directed mutagenesis.

PubMed ID: 15103634

DOI: 10.1002/prot.20047

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 244
  • Mass: 25913
  • Checksum: F82B7A178D46EAA5
  • Sequence:
    • MELFLAGRRV LVTGAGKGIG RGTVQALHAT GARVVAVSRT QADLDSLVRE CPGIEPVCVD 
LGDWEATERA LGSVGPVDLL VNNAAVALLQ PFLEVTKEAF DRSFEVNLRA VIQVSQIVAR 
GLIARGVPGA IVNVSSQCSQ RAVTNHSVYC STKGALDMLT KVMALELGPH KIRVNAVNPT 
VVMTSMGQAT WSDPHKAKTM LNRIPLGKFA EVEHVVNAIL FLLSDRSGMT TGSTLPVEGG 
FWAC

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.