Details for: SAA4

Gene ID: 6291

Symbol: SAA4

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000148965

Description: serum amyloid A4, constitutive

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: liver dendritic cell (CL2000055)
    Fold Change: 11.6890
    Cell Significance Index: 30.8400
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 8.0746
    Cell Significance Index: 135.8100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 2.6604
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5400
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 1.1140
    Cell Significance Index: 23.7300
  • Cell Name: salivary gland glandular cell (CL1001596)
    Fold Change: 1.0043
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.6608
    Cell Significance Index: 14.3200
  • Cell Name: serous cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000330)
    Fold Change: 0.5310
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0900
  • Cell Name: airway submucosal gland collecting duct epithelial cell (CL4033023)
    Fold Change: 0.4460
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1300
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.3435
    Cell Significance Index: 5.0700
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.3372
    Cell Significance Index: 5.6800
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.2940
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2800
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.2807
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9900
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 0.2801
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0600
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.2040
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1800
  • Cell Name: primary cultured cell (CL0000001)
    Fold Change: 0.1503
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.1110
    Cell Significance Index: 5.2200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1101
    Cell Significance Index: 14.2300
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1006
    Cell Significance Index: 6.0400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.0799
    Cell Significance Index: 4.1500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3900
  • Cell Name: seromucus secreting cell (CL0000159)
    Fold Change: 0.0446
    Cell Significance Index: 0.9300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.0336
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4600
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.0334
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3300
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: 0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4100
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3600
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.0157
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0135
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6300
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0121
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6400
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: 0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0078
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5600
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: 0.0037
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1600
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0035
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0002
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0008
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0009
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0030
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6500
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0053
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0057
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0085
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8000
  • Cell Name: mammary gland epithelial cell (CL0002327)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6300
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6700
  • Cell Name: tendon cell (CL0000388)
    Fold Change: -0.0132
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0169
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6200
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0217
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0223
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ enteroycte (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: -0.0232
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0246
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0247
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0248
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary ionocyte (CL0017000)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.0267
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.0269
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.0306
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell (CL0011026)
    Fold Change: -0.0339
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0350
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4900
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.0354
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1700
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0383
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0397
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2300
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.0407
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0426
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0429
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0450
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0502
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0503
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4100
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: -0.0506
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4700
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.0544
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6800
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: -0.0591
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0603
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: -0.0604
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: -0.0607
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6400
  • Cell Name: glandular cell of esophagus (CL0002657)
    Fold Change: -0.0612
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6600
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0628
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2600
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0630
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6900
  • Cell Name: lung ciliated cell (CL1000271)
    Fold Change: -0.0644
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6300
  • Cell Name: alpha-beta T cell (CL0000789)
    Fold Change: -0.0646
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: adipocyte (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: -0.0668
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** SAA4 is characterized by its constitutive expression, meaning it is expressed at a relatively constant level under normal conditions. This gene is also notable for its involvement in the acute-phase response, a complex physiological reaction to inflammation and infection. The SAA4 protein is a member of the Serum Amyloid A (SAA) protein family, which consists of several isoforms that exhibit distinct expression patterns and functions. The SAA4 protein has been shown to play a role in the regulation of HDL particle formation and function, which is critical for lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. **Pathways and Functions** The SAA4 gene is involved in several key pathways, including: 1. **Acute-phase response**: SAA4 is upregulated in response to inflammation and infection, contributing to the acute-phase response. This response is characterized by the production of acute-phase proteins, which help to regulate inflammation and promote tissue repair. 2. **Extracellular exosome formation**: SAA4 is involved in the formation and regulation of extracellular exosomes, which are small vesicles that contain proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication and the transfer of signals between cells. 3. **Protein binding**: SAA4 has been shown to bind to various proteins, including HDL particles, which is critical for lipid metabolism and cardiovascular health. 4. **High-density lipoprotein particle formation and function**: SAA4 plays a role in the formation and regulation of HDL particles, which are essential for removing excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and transporting it to the liver for excretion. **Clinical Significance** The SAA4 gene and its protein product have significant implications for various diseases and conditions, including: 1. **Cardiovascular disease**: Dysregulation of HDL particle formation and function has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. 2. **Inflammatory disorders**: The acute-phase response mediated by SAA4 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. 3. **Cancer**: SAA4 has been implicated in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis, suggesting its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target for cancer treatment. 4. **Metabolic disorders**: The SAA4 protein has been linked to metabolic disorders, including obesity and insulin resistance, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for these conditions. In conclusion, the SAA4 gene and its protein product play a critical role in various cellular processes, including protein binding, extracellular exosome formation, and regulation of HDL particle formation and function. Its involvement in the acute-phase response, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and metabolic disorders underscores its significance as a potential therapeutic target for various diseases and conditions.

Genular Protein ID: 1741087899

Symbol: SAA4_HUMAN

Name: Constitutively expressed serum amyloid A protein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P35542 Q6FHJ4

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 1 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SignaLink 1 TopDownProteomics 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 1740433

Title: Identification of novel members of the serum amyloid A protein superfamily as constitutive apolipoproteins of high density lipoprotein.

PubMed ID: 1740433

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50605-6

PubMed ID: 7686132

Title: A constitutively expressed serum amyloid A protein gene (SAA4) is closely linked to, and shares structural similarities with, an acute-phase serum amyloid A protein gene (SAA2).

PubMed ID: 7686132

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1993.1209

PubMed ID: 1439582

Title: Analysis of the genomic and derived protein structure of a novel human serum amyloid A gene, SAA4.

PubMed ID: 1439582

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03131.x

PubMed ID: 16554811

Title: Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene identification.

PubMed ID: 16554811

DOI: 10.1038/nature04632

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8783012

Title: Characterization of human serum amyloid A protein isoforms separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 8783012

DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150170508

PubMed ID: 16335952

Title: Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry.

PubMed ID: 16335952

DOI: 10.1021/pr0502065

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 22028381

Title: Quantitative detection of single amino acid polymorphisms by targeted proteomics.

PubMed ID: 22028381

DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjr024

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 130
  • Mass: 14747
  • Checksum: 0F9BD50ACCF00B1C
  • Sequence:
    • MRLFTGIVFC SLVMGVTSES WRSFFKEALQ GVGDMGRAYW DIMISNHQNS NRYLYARGNY 
DAAQRGPGGV WAAKLISRSR VYLQGLIDCY LFGNSSTVLE DSKSNEKAEE WGRSGKDPDR 
FRPDGLPKKY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.