Details for: TGFB2

Gene ID: 7042

Symbol: TGFB2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000092969

Description: transforming growth factor beta 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 74.0015
    Cell Significance Index: -18.7700
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 38.2516
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5400
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 16.2662
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5300
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 6.0470
    Cell Significance Index: 129.2600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of pancreas (CL0000083)
    Fold Change: 3.3213
    Cell Significance Index: 54.7300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal astrocyte (CL0002604)
    Fold Change: 2.0617
    Cell Significance Index: 28.8300
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 1.3466
    Cell Significance Index: 32.8600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 1.2973
    Cell Significance Index: 72.8000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.9619
    Cell Significance Index: 610.8900
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.6562
    Cell Significance Index: 130.2300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.5900
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.4542
    Cell Significance Index: 2.8100
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.3745
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3320
    Cell Significance Index: 119.0900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3240
    Cell Significance Index: 65.0000
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.2372
    Cell Significance Index: 129.5200
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.1191
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7100
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.1082
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8700
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1058
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5000
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0977
    Cell Significance Index: 183.8800
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.0971
    Cell Significance Index: 132.0600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 0.0908
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0693
    Cell Significance Index: 30.6600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0647
    Cell Significance Index: 3.0400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5200
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0332
    Cell Significance Index: 15.0800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.0313
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4600
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: 36.1300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.0149
    Cell Significance Index: 23.0000
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.0139
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0056
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0027
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0040
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0055
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0102
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0152
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5600
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0200
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0228
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4300
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0438
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6700
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0506
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0571
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.0582
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7200
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0907
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0935
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0963
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8400
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.1047
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5100
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.1066
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0800
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.1112
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1132
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6100
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1158
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0600
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1252
    Cell Significance Index: -9.3300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7000
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1494
    Cell Significance Index: -17.6200
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.1548
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8200
  • Cell Name: Mueller cell (CL0000636)
    Fold Change: -0.2041
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5700
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2067
    Cell Significance Index: -10.8500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2122
    Cell Significance Index: -16.8100
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.2500
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.2605
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.2690
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2723
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5700
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.2740
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2861
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.3203
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9500
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3362
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8700
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.3365
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2700
  • Cell Name: mature astrocyte (CL0002627)
    Fold Change: -0.3384
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.3575
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5700
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: -0.3590
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7600
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.3723
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.3808
    Cell Significance Index: -17.2600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.4138
    Cell Significance Index: -15.6700
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: -0.4152
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal interneuron (CL1001569)
    Fold Change: -0.4156
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3900
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.4199
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0400
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.4233
    Cell Significance Index: -14.8300
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4358
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8800
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.4359
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8400
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.4378
    Cell Significance Index: -10.9200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.4572
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.4677
    Cell Significance Index: -17.1700
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.4685
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2800
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.4856
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8200
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.4869
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4000
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.5015
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4700
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.5032
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.5055
    Cell Significance Index: -13.7600
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.5106
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.5391
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4000
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.5555
    Cell Significance Index: -19.5200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.5681
    Cell Significance Index: -12.4400
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.5790
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0300
  • Cell Name: salivary gland cell (CL0009005)
    Fold Change: -0.5794
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2000

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** TGFB2 is a proprotein that is cleaved into mature transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) upon proteolytic processing. It is encoded by the TGFB2 gene, which is located on chromosome 2q34.1 in humans. The TGFB2 protein is a member of the TGF-β superfamily, which is characterized by its ability to bind to specific receptors and activate downstream signaling pathways. **Pathways and Functions:** TGFB2 is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including: 1. **Cell growth and differentiation**: TGFB2 regulates cell growth and differentiation by activating signaling pathways that control cell proliferation and apoptosis. 2. **Extracellular matrix organization**: TGFB2 plays a crucial role in the organization and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, which is essential for tissue development and maintenance. 3. **Immune responses**: TGFB2 regulates immune responses by modulating the production of cytokines and the activity of immune cells, such as macrophages and T cells. 4. **Neurodevelopment**: TGFB2 is involved in neurodevelopment, including the formation of the neural tube and the development of neurons and glial cells. 5. **Cardiovascular development**: TGFB2 plays a crucial role in cardiovascular development, including the formation of the heart and the development of cardiac valves. TGFB2 signaling pathways involve the binding of the TGF-β2 protein to specific receptors, such as the TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) and the TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI). The binding of TGF-β2 to these receptors activates downstream signaling pathways, including the Smad pathway, which regulates gene expression and cell growth. **Clinical Significance:** TGFB2 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Cardiovascular disease**: TGFB2 has been shown to play a role in the development of cardiovascular disease, including atherosclerosis and cardiac valve disease. 2. **Cancer**: TGFB2 has been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers, including lung, breast, and colon cancer. 3. **Neurological disorders**: TGFB2 has been shown to play a role in the development and progression of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. 4. **Kidney disease**: TGFB2 has been implicated in the development of kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy and fibrosis. In conclusion, TGFB2 is a critical regulator of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the role of TGFB2 in human disease. **Significantly Expressed Cells:** TGFB2 is expressed in a variety of cell types, including: 1. **Epithelial cells**: TGFB2 is expressed in epithelial cells of the lower respiratory tract, lung, and kidney. 2. **Non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells**: TGFB2 is expressed in non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells of the eye. 3. **Astrocytes**: TGFB2 is expressed in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex. 4. **Pulmonary interstitial fibroblasts**: TGFB2 is expressed in pulmonary interstitial fibroblasts. 5. **Granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells**: TGFB2 is expressed in granulocyte monocyte progenitor cells. **Proteins:** TGFB2 is a proprotein that is cleaved into mature transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) upon proteolytic processing. The mature TGF-β2 protein is encoded by the TGFB2_HUMAN protein sequence. In summary, TGFB2 is a critical regulator of cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, highlighting the importance of further research into the role of TGFB2 in human disease.

Genular Protein ID: 589623367

Symbol: TGFB2_HUMAN

Name: Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 3322813

Title: Complementary DNA for human glioblastoma-derived T cell suppressor factor, a novel member of the transforming growth factor-beta gene family.

PubMed ID: 3322813

DOI: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02700.x

PubMed ID: 3162414

Title: Transforming growth factor-beta 2: cDNA cloning and sequence analysis.

PubMed ID: 3162414

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.1

PubMed ID: 2850146

Title: Structural and sequence analysis of TGF-beta 2 cDNA clones predicts two different precursor proteins produced by alternative mRNA splicing.

PubMed ID: 2850146

DOI: 10.1089/dna.1.1988.7.493

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 1764261

Title: Molecular cloning and structure of the human transforming growth factor-beta 2 gene promoter.

PubMed ID: 1764261

DOI: 10.3109/08977199109043910

PubMed ID: 3476488

Title: Complete amino acid sequence of human transforming growth factor type beta 2.

PubMed ID: 3476488

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45325-2

PubMed ID: 12706107

Title: Molecular characterization of a familial translocation implicates disruption of HDAC9 and possible position effect on TGFbeta2 in the pathogenesis of Peters' anomaly.

PubMed ID: 12706107

DOI: 10.1016/s0888-7543(03)00046-6

PubMed ID: 17827158

Title: Mechanisms for asporin function and regulation in articular cartilage.

PubMed ID: 17827158

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m700522200

PubMed ID: 19651619

Title: GARP (LRRC32) is essential for the surface expression of latent TGF-beta on platelets and activated FOXP3+ regulatory T cells.

PubMed ID: 19651619

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0901944106

PubMed ID: 1631557

Title: Crystal structure of transforming growth factor-beta 2: an unusual fold for the superfamily.

PubMed ID: 1631557

DOI: 10.1126/science.1631557

PubMed ID: 1641027

Title: An unusual feature revealed by the crystal structure at 2.2-A resolution of human transforming growth factor-beta 2.

PubMed ID: 1641027

DOI: 10.1038/358430a0

PubMed ID: 11528528

Title: Two novel polymorphisms in the human transforming growth factor beta 2 gene.

PubMed ID: 11528528

DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363780

PubMed ID: 22772371

Title: TGFB2 mutations cause familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections associated with mild systemic features of Marfan syndrome.

PubMed ID: 22772371

DOI: 10.1038/ng.2348

PubMed ID: 22772368

Title: Loss-of-function mutations in TGFB2 cause a syndromic presentation of thoracic aortic aneurysm.

PubMed ID: 22772368

DOI: 10.1038/ng.2349

PubMed ID: 25046559

Title: Whole exome sequencing for the identification of a new mutation in TGFB2 involved in a familial case of non-syndromic aortic disease.

PubMed ID: 25046559

DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.07.016

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 414
  • Mass: 47748
  • Checksum: 7D9D569E0F4A07D0
  • Sequence:
  • MHYCVLSAFL ILHLVTVALS LSTCSTLDMD QFMRKRIEAI RGQILSKLKL TSPPEDYPEP 
    EEVPPEVISI YNSTRDLLQE KASRRAAACE RERSDEEYYA KEVYKIDMPP FFPSENAIPP 
    TFYRPYFRIV RFDVSAMEKN ASNLVKAEFR VFRLQNPKAR VPEQRIELYQ ILKSKDLTSP 
    TQRYIDSKVV KTRAEGEWLS FDVTDAVHEW LHHKDRNLGF KISLHCPCCT FVPSNNYIIP 
    NKSEELEARF AGIDGTSTYT SGDQKTIKST RKKNSGKTPH LLLMLLPSYR LESQQTNRRK 
    KRALDAAYCF RNVQDNCCLR PLYIDFKRDL GWKWIHEPKG YNANFCAGAC PYLWSSDTQH 
    SRVLSLYNTI NPEASASPCC VSQDLEPLTI LYYIGKTPKI EQLSNMIVKS CKCS

Genular Protein ID: 1731096384

Symbol: Q59EG9_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 267
  • Mass: 30221
  • Checksum: 4F0321B881AF518E
  • Sequence:
  • KMHYCVLSAF LILHLVTVAL SLSTCSTLDM DQFMRKRIEA IRGQILSKLK LTSPPEDYPE 
    PEEVPPEVIS IYNSTRDLLQ EKASRRAAAC ERERSDEEYY AKEVYKIDMP PFFPSETVCP 
    VVTTPSGSVG SLCSRQSQVL CGYLDAIPPT FYRPYFRIVR FDVSAMEKNA SNLVKAEFRV 
    FRLQNPKARV PEQRIELYQV MFICCCCCCC CCCFRQTLSL SLCHRLEYSG MITAHCNLEL 
    LGSNDPLASA SLVNGTAGVH HHTRLSF

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.