Details for: TLR3

Gene ID: 7098

Symbol: TLR3

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164342

Description: toll like receptor 3

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 861
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 18335
  • Cell Name: neural progenitor cell (CL0011020)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 4391
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71811
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48036
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30407
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 501
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.97
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2411
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5290
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 367
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2734
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 321
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 1777.5
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5282
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 1546.5
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1252
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 390
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 674
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 1800
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 552
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 176
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 449
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 2736
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 601
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 444
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 2033
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 640
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 255
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 771
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 772
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 1992
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 402.5
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 938
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 998
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 174
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 875
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001106)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 1005
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 2382
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 2431
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 295
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 2 endothelial cell (CL4028003)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 0.33
    Marker Score: 854
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 215
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: 0.32
    Marker Score: 283
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 327
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 71
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 99
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.31
    Marker Score: 644
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 486
  • Cell Name: type I pneumocyte (CL0002062)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 361
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.3
    Marker Score: 201
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 312
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 295.5
  • Cell Name: CD16-positive, CD56-dim natural killer cell, human (CL0000939)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 223
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 83
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.28
    Marker Score: 399
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 121
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.26
    Marker Score: 286
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.25
    Marker Score: 431
  • Cell Name: preosteoblast (CL0007010)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: club cell (CL0000158)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 284
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 549
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of lung (CL0000082)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 1268
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of esophagus (CL0002252)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 2070
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 59
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 366
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 256
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.24
    Marker Score: 98
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 253
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 126
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 136
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 156
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 102
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 95
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.23
    Marker Score: 217
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of lung (CL0002553)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 589
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: ionocyte (CL0005006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 68
  • Cell Name: fibroblast (CL0000057)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 214
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 285
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 69
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 335
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 359
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 767
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 1888
  • Cell Name: alveolar capillary type 1 endothelial cell (CL4028002)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 532
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: pulmonary ionocyte (CL0017000)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 1477
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 117
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 39
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of artery (CL1000413)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 80
  • Cell Name: mononuclear phagocyte (CL0000113)
    Fold Change: 0.19
    Marker Score: 193

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Other Information

**Key Characteristics** TLR3 is characterized by its ability to recognize dsRNA, which is a common feature of viral infections. The receptor is composed of two extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains and a transmembrane domain, which allows it to interact with its ligands and transmit signals to downstream signaling pathways. TLR3 is expressed on various cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and neural cells, and is involved in the recognition and response to viral infections, as well as other forms of cellular stress. **Pathways and Functions** The activation of TLR3 triggers a signaling cascade that involves the following key steps: 1. **Binding and signaling**: TLR3 binds to dsRNA, which triggers a conformational change in the receptor and recruits adaptor proteins, including MyD88 and TRIF. 2. **Activation of NF-κB**: The recruited adaptor proteins activate the NF-κB transcription factor, which is a key regulator of immune responses. 3. **Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines**: The activation of NF-κB leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, which are involved in the elimination of the pathogen and the restoration of tissue homeostasis. 4. **Activation of type I interferon production**: TLR3 also activates the production of type I interferons, which play a crucial role in antiviral defense and immune responses. **Clinical Significance** TLR3 plays a critical role in the recognition and response to viral infections, including influenza, herpes simplex virus, and other RNA viruses. The activation of TLR3 has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Viral infections**: TLR3 is involved in the recognition and response to viral infections, which can lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune responses. 2. **Autoimmune diseases**: TLR3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, where it can contribute to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune responses. 3. **Cancer**: TLR3 has been shown to play a role in the recognition and response to cancer cells, where it can contribute to the activation of immune responses and the elimination of tumor cells. In summary, TLR3 is a critical component of the innate immune system, responsible for recognizing and responding to dsRNA molecules, which are often associated with viral infections. The activation of TLR3 triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, type I interferons, and other immune mediators, which ultimately help to eliminate the pathogen and restore tissue homeostasis.

Genular Protein ID: 128575162

Symbol: TLR3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O15455 B2RAI7 B7Z7K0 E6Y0F0 E6Y0F1 E9PGH4 Q4VAL2 Q504W0

Database IDs:

ABCD 1 AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 14 EMDB 7 EPD 1 Ensembl 5 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 62 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 23 PDBsum 15 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 4 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 2 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 11 RefSeq 2 SIGNOR 1 SMART 4 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9435236

Title: A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll.

PubMed ID: 9435236

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.2.588

PubMed ID: 17085778

Title: The innate immune facet of brain: human neurons express TLR-3 and sense viral dsRNA.

PubMed ID: 17085778

DOI: 10.1385/jmn:29:3:185

PubMed ID: 18810425

Title: Natural selection in the TLR-related genes in the course of primate evolution.

PubMed ID: 18810425

DOI: 10.1007/s00251-008-0332-0

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15815621

Title: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4.

PubMed ID: 15815621

DOI: 10.1038/nature03466

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 12471095

Title: A novel Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adapter that preferentially activates the IFN-beta promoter in the Toll-like receptor signaling.

PubMed ID: 12471095

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.6668

PubMed ID: 12539043

Title: TICAM-1, an adapter molecule that participates in Toll-like receptor 3 mediated interferon-beta induction.

PubMed ID: 12539043

DOI: 10.1038/ni886

PubMed ID: 16144834

Title: Recognition of double-stranded RNA by human toll-like receptor 3 and downstream receptor signaling requires multimerization and an acidic pH.

PubMed ID: 16144834

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507163200

PubMed ID: 16858407

Title: Toll-like receptor 3 associates with c-Src tyrosine kinase on endosomes to initiate antiviral signaling.

PubMed ID: 16858407

DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601222

PubMed ID: 16720699

Title: The dsRNA binding site of human Toll-like receptor 3.

PubMed ID: 16720699

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603245103

PubMed ID: 17178723

Title: Two tyrosine residues of Toll-like receptor 3 trigger different steps of NF-kappa B activation.

PubMed ID: 17178723

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600226200

PubMed ID: 18172197

Title: The TLR3 signaling complex forms by cooperative receptor dimerization.

PubMed ID: 18172197

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710779105

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 22611194

Title: Cleavage of Toll-like receptor 3 by cathepsins B and H is essential for signaling.

PubMed ID: 22611194

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1115091109

PubMed ID: 25736436

Title: WDFY1 mediates TLR3/4 signaling by recruiting TRIF.

PubMed ID: 25736436

DOI: 10.15252/embr.201439637

PubMed ID: 32878999

Title: Ubiquitination of TLR3 by TRIM3 signals its ESCRT-mediated trafficking to the endolysosomes for innate antiviral response.

PubMed ID: 32878999

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002472117

PubMed ID: 31076723

Title: E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF170 inhibits innate immune responses by targeting and degrading TLR3 in murine cells.

PubMed ID: 31076723

DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0236-y

PubMed ID: 37158982

Title: The Src-ZNRF1 axis controls TLR3 trafficking and interferon responses to limit lung barrier damage.

PubMed ID: 37158982

DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220727

PubMed ID: 16043704

Title: The molecular structure of the Toll-like receptor 3 ligand-binding domain.

PubMed ID: 16043704

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505077102

PubMed ID: 15961631

Title: Crystal structure of human toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ectodomain.

PubMed ID: 15961631

DOI: 10.1126/science.1115253

PubMed ID: 22579623

Title: Lateral clustering of TLR3:dsRNA signaling units revealed by TLR3ecd:3Fabs quaternary structure.

PubMed ID: 22579623

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.05.006

PubMed ID: 33432245

Title: Cryo-EM structures of Toll-like receptors in complex with UNC93B1.

PubMed ID: 33432245

DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-00542-w

PubMed ID: 17872438

Title: TLR3 deficiency in patients with herpes simplex encephalitis.

PubMed ID: 17872438

DOI: 10.1126/science.1139522

PubMed ID: 18753640

Title: Toll-like receptor 3 and geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration.

PubMed ID: 18753640

DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa0802437

PubMed ID: 22174453

Title: A common polymorphism in TLR3 confers natural resistance to HIV-1 infection.

PubMed ID: 22174453

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102179

PubMed ID: 32972995

Title: Inborn errors of type I IFN immunity in patients with life-threatening COVID-19.

PubMed ID: 32972995

DOI: 10.1126/science.abd4570

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 904
  • Mass: 103829
  • Checksum: 034E05ECA7A4D2F7
  • Sequence:
    • MRQTLPCIYF WGGLLPFGML CASSTTKCTV SHEVADCSHL KLTQVPDDLP TNITVLNLTH 
NQLRRLPAAN FTRYSQLTSL DVGFNTISKL EPELCQKLPM LKVLNLQHNE LSQLSDKTFA 
FCTNLTELHL MSNSIQKIKN NPFVKQKNLI TLDLSHNGLS STKLGTQVQL ENLQELLLSN 
NKIQALKSEE LDIFANSSLK KLELSSNQIK EFSPGCFHAI GRLFGLFLNN VQLGPSLTEK 
LCLELANTSI RNLSLSNSQL STTSNTTFLG LKWTNLTMLD LSYNNLNVVG NDSFAWLPQL 
EYFFLEYNNI QHLFSHSLHG LFNVRYLNLK RSFTKQSISL ASLPKIDDFS FQWLKCLEHL 
NMEDNDIPGI KSNMFTGLIN LKYLSLSNSF TSLRTLTNET FVSLAHSPLH ILNLTKNKIS 
KIESDAFSWL GHLEVLDLGL NEIGQELTGQ EWRGLENIFE IYLSYNKYLQ LTRNSFALVP 
SLQRLMLRRV ALKNVDSSPS PFQPLRNLTI LDLSNNNIAN INDDMLEGLE KLEILDLQHN 
NLARLWKHAN PGGPIYFLKG LSHLHILNLE SNGFDEIPVE VFKDLFELKI IDLGLNNLNT 
LPASVFNNQV SLKSLNLQKN LITSVEKKVF GPAFRNLTEL DMRFNPFDCT CESIAWFVNW 
INETHTNIPE LSSHYLCNTP PHYHGFPVRL FDTSSCKDSA PFELFFMINT SILLIFIFIV 
LLIHFEGWRI SFYWNVSVHR VLGFKEIDRQ TEQFEYAAYI IHAYKDKDWV WEHFSSMEKE 
DQSLKFCLEE RDFEAGVFEL EAIVNSIKRS RKIIFVITHH LLKDPLCKRF KVHHAVQQAI 
EQNLDSIILV FLEEIPDYKL NHALCLRRGM FKSHCILNWP VQKERIGAFR HKLQVALGSK 
NSVH

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.