Details for: GGH

Gene ID: 8836

Symbol: GGH

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137563

Description: gamma-glutamyl hydrolase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 83.1912
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9400
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 64.3620
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3300
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 54.9827
    Cell Significance Index: -22.6500
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle fiber of ileum (CL1000278)
    Fold Change: 48.3137
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8100
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 17.1133
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1000
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 9.6882
    Cell Significance Index: 258.6900
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 7.9922
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 5.5752
    Cell Significance Index: -22.0000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 2.4539
    Cell Significance Index: 285.9800
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 2.0227
    Cell Significance Index: 16.1500
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.5209
    Cell Significance Index: 301.8200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.4662
    Cell Significance Index: 15.9400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.2024
    Cell Significance Index: 54.5000
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 1.1827
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: 1.0680
    Cell Significance Index: 22.3600
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 1.0351
    Cell Significance Index: 168.3500
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: 1.0115
    Cell Significance Index: 35.1500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.8588
    Cell Significance Index: 775.4100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.6402
    Cell Significance Index: 29.8500
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.5010
    Cell Significance Index: 34.6500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.4587
    Cell Significance Index: 250.5200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.3321
    Cell Significance Index: 66.6100
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.3147
    Cell Significance Index: 139.1500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.2694
    Cell Significance Index: 15.1200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: 0.2674
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.1903
    Cell Significance Index: 36.2200
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.1718
    Cell Significance Index: 4.9500
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.1661
    Cell Significance Index: 19.5900
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.1623
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4300
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.1535
    Cell Significance Index: 4.2900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.1379
    Cell Significance Index: 17.8200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.1220
    Cell Significance Index: 20.8300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1120
    Cell Significance Index: 77.4900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: 0.1058
    Cell Significance Index: 13.5600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1033
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0911
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0877
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.0807
    Cell Significance Index: 11.0900
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0744
    Cell Significance Index: 26.6700
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.0690
    Cell Significance Index: 8.4800
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0100
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6300
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0467
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.0464
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4900
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: 0.0299
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5000
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.0048
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0045
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0066
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9000
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0141
    Cell Significance Index: -26.0100
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -10.4700
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0164
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2700
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0185
    Cell Significance Index: -14.0400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0188
    Cell Significance Index: -25.6300
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0225
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0243
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3200
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0519
    Cell Significance Index: -23.5700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0625
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0631
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2800
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0643
    Cell Significance Index: -18.5100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0669
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6700
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0772
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0300
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.0844
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5300
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0887
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1313
    Cell Significance Index: -14.9900
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1412
    Cell Significance Index: -20.5200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1502
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0600
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.1643
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.1668
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7600
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.1916
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1963
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3300
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.2018
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2104
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9100
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: -0.2411
    Cell Significance Index: -2.2900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.2412
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2433
    Cell Significance Index: -19.2700
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.2547
    Cell Significance Index: -16.4300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.2572
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2633
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1400
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: -0.2661
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7600
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.2723
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2982
    Cell Significance Index: -22.8900
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3007
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3034
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.3420
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9500
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: -0.3460
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.3591
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6100
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.3763
    Cell Significance Index: -23.7200
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.3958
    Cell Significance Index: -5.4000
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.3960
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.3969
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6900
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.4059
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.4318
    Cell Significance Index: -11.5700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.4396
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1200
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: -0.4461
    Cell Significance Index: -13.1000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4559
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5200
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.4570
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: -0.4651
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1600

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GGH is a metalloprotease enzyme that belongs to the gamma-glutamyl cycle, a group of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of gamma-glutamyl dipeptides. The enzyme is characterized by its ability to catalyze the hydrolysis of gamma-glutamyl dipeptides, resulting in the release of amino acids and peptides. GGH is widely expressed in various cell types, including immune cells, epithelial cells, and tissue-specific cells, such as placental villous trophoblasts and primordial germ cells. **Pathways and Functions:** GGH is involved in several biological pathways, including: 1. **Immune Response:** GGH plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune response by modulating the activity of immune cells, such as neutrophils and plasmablasts. The enzyme is involved in the degranulation of neutrophils and the regulation of cytokine production. 2. **Extracellular Matrix Remodeling:** GGH is involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins, which is essential for tissue remodeling and repair. 3. **Amino Acid Transport:** GGH regulates the transport of amino acids across cell membranes, which is essential for protein synthesis and cellular signaling. 4. **Tertiary Granule Lumen:** GGH is involved in the regulation of the tertiary granule lumen, a compartment involved in the storage and release of antimicrobial peptides. **Clinical Significance:** GGH has been implicated in various diseases, including: 1. **Immunodeficiency Disorders:** GGH deficiency has been linked to immunodeficiency disorders, such as neutropenia and recurrent infections. 2. **Cancer:** GGH has been involved in the regulation of cancer cell growth and metastasis. 3. **Neurological Disorders:** GGH has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In conclusion, gamma-glutamyl hydrolase is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a crucial role in immune response, cellular regulation, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the functions of GGH and its clinical significance in human disease. **Proteins:** GGH_HUMAN (Conjugase) **Significantly Expressed Cells:** 1. Placental villous trophoblast 2. Plasmablast 3. Migratory enteric neural crest cell 4. Oogonial cell 5. Epithelial cell of esophagus 6. Epithelial cell of nephron 7. Colon epithelial cell 8. Primordial germ cell 9. Kidney epithelial cell 10. Epithelial cell of proximal tubule

Genular Protein ID: 2592551605

Symbol: GGH_HUMAN

Name: Conjugase

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q92820

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 4 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 2 EC 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 GO 13 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 1 PDBsum 1 PIR 1 PRIDE 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 3 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8816764

Title: Human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase: cloning and characterization of the enzyme expressed in vitro.

PubMed ID: 8816764

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.19.10134

PubMed ID: 10570974

Title: Structural organization of the human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase gene.

PubMed ID: 10570974

DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(99)00362-5

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10527932

Title: Site-directed mutagenesis establishes cysteine-110 as essential for enzyme activity in human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase.

PubMed ID: 10527932

DOI: 10.1042/bj3430551

PubMed ID: 11005824

Title: Molecular modeling and site-directed mutagenesis define the catalytic motif in human gamma -glutamyl hydrolase.

PubMed ID: 11005824

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007908200

PubMed ID: 12643545

Title: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins.

PubMed ID: 12643545

DOI: 10.1021/pr025562r

PubMed ID: 16945597

Title: Characterization of human gamma-glutamyl hydrolase in solution demonstrates that the enzyme is a non-dissociating homodimer.

PubMed ID: 16945597

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2006.06.008

PubMed ID: 17081065

Title: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes.

PubMed ID: 17081065

DOI: 10.1021/pr060363j

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 11953431

Title: Three-dimensional structure of human gamma -glutamyl hydrolase. A class I glutamine amidotransferase adapted for a complex substate.

PubMed ID: 11953431

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202020200

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 318
  • Mass: 35964
  • Checksum: C4069953573B9B24
  • Sequence:
    • MASPGCLLCV LGLLLCGAAS LELSRPHGDT AKKPIIGILM QKCRNKVMKN YGRYYIAASY 
VKYLESAGAR VVPVRLDLTE KDYEILFKSI NGILFPGGSV DLRRSDYAKV AKIFYNLSIQ 
SFDDGDYFPV WGTCLGFEEL SLLISGECLL TATDTVDVAM PLNFTGGQLH SRMFQNFPTE 
LLLSLAVEPL TANFHKWSLS VKNFTMNEKL KKFFNVLTTN TDGKIEFIST MEGYKYPVYG 
VQWHPEKAPY EWKNLDGISH APNAVKTAFY LAEFFVNEAR KNNHHFKSES EEEKALIYQF 
SPIYTGNISS FQQCYIFD

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.