Details for: AKR1C1

Gene ID: 1645

Symbol: AKR1C1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000187134

Description: aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C1

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 158.2819
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6200
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 102.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -25.8800
  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 72.0723
    Cell Significance Index: -29.6900
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 20.5117
    Cell Significance Index: -25.2900
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 7.4200
    Cell Significance Index: 212.7000
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 6.5116
    Cell Significance Index: -25.7000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 4.2624
    Cell Significance Index: 71.8000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 4.1351
    Cell Significance Index: -9.0500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 3.2594
    Cell Significance Index: 44.4700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 2.0698
    Cell Significance Index: 204.7500
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 2.0688
    Cell Significance Index: 254.3800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 1.9369
    Cell Significance Index: 368.6100
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 1.8292
    Cell Significance Index: 39.6300
  • Cell Name: intrahepatic cholangiocyte (CL0002538)
    Fold Change: 1.7497
    Cell Significance Index: 6.5900
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 1.6339
    Cell Significance Index: 294.5400
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.5618
    Cell Significance Index: 81.1300
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: 1.5352
    Cell Significance Index: 16.6900
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 1.5066
    Cell Significance Index: 36.7600
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 1.3830
    Cell Significance Index: 83.0300
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 1.3634
    Cell Significance Index: 12.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.3353
    Cell Significance Index: 145.2400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 1.1768
    Cell Significance Index: 1062.6000
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 1.1717
    Cell Significance Index: 232.5300
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.9455
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: 0.8342
    Cell Significance Index: 97.2200
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.7327
    Cell Significance Index: 50.6700
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.6928
    Cell Significance Index: 19.3600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: 0.6202
    Cell Significance Index: 6.7700
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.5922
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9600
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.5275
    Cell Significance Index: 11.5500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.4574
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1800
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.4564
    Cell Significance Index: 7.2400
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.4397
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4900
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.4065
    Cell Significance Index: 258.1900
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.3781
    Cell Significance Index: 3.9000
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 0.3744
    Cell Significance Index: 4.7200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.1624
    Cell Significance Index: 4.0600
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: 0.1619
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1600
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 0.1117
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6000
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1025
    Cell Significance Index: 6.3000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.0843
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.0822
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.0710
    Cell Significance Index: 3.2200
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0602
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: 0.0484
    Cell Significance Index: 30.2300
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0347
    Cell Significance Index: 15.3400
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: 9.6700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: 1.4000
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0105
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: 0.0095
    Cell Significance Index: 1.6300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0021
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0050
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0054
    Cell Significance Index: -10.1500
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: -0.0061
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0090
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8900
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -23.6900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -21.9600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: -0.0160
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0234
    Cell Significance Index: -31.7500
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -20.9600
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0298
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7900
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0362
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0376
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7700
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0470
    Cell Significance Index: -21.3400
  • Cell Name: oral mucosa squamous cell (CL1001576)
    Fold Change: -0.0535
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0634
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.0648
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0695
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1000
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: -0.0833
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0859
    Cell Significance Index: -24.7200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.1118
    Cell Significance Index: -3.5800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1160
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.1204
    Cell Significance Index: -17.5000
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.1242
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.1298
    Cell Significance Index: -17.8200
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1800
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1501
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0000
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.1689
    Cell Significance Index: -21.8200
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.1875
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.2085
    Cell Significance Index: -24.5900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.2529
    Cell Significance Index: -26.3300
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.2712
    Cell Significance Index: -14.2400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2713
    Cell Significance Index: -21.4900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2784
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2866
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.2885
    Cell Significance Index: -22.1400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.3232
    Cell Significance Index: -20.8500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.3242
    Cell Significance Index: -24.1600
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.3535
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4000
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.3565
    Cell Significance Index: -23.9700
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.3734
    Cell Significance Index: -19.4500
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.3789
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7400
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.3790
    Cell Significance Index: -21.2700
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.4222
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5000
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: -0.4527
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0000
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: -0.4765
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1000
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: -0.4791
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7200
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.4901
    Cell Significance Index: -12.2400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.4968
    Cell Significance Index: -31.3100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** AKR1C1 is a member of the AKR family, which consists of several isoforms that share similar structural features. The gene product of AKR1C1, also known as Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRC (AK1C1_HUMAN), is a 256-amino acid protein with a molecular weight of approximately 29 kDa. It belongs to the short-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase (SADH) family, which is characterized by a conserved catalytic domain. The enzyme exhibits a high specificity for reducing aldehydes and ketones, with a preference for 3β-hydroxy-5β-steroid dehydrogenase activity. It also exhibits a broad range of substrate specificity, including 17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one dehydrogenase activity, which is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. **Pathways and Functions** AKR1C1 plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways, including: 1. **Steroid metabolism**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of steroid hormones, such as 17α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, which is a precursor to progesterone and other steroid hormones. 2. **Bile acid synthesis**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of bile acids, such as 7α-hydroxycholesterol, which is a key step in the synthesis of bile acids. 3. **Cholesterol homeostasis**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of cholesterol, which is a critical step in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. 4. **Drug metabolism**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of various drugs, including daunorubicin and doxorubicin, which are used in the treatment of cancer. 5. **Vitamin metabolism**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of vitamins, such as retinol and retinoic acid, which are essential for various cellular processes. **Clinical Significance** AKR1C1 has significant clinical implications, particularly in the context of: 1. **Cancer treatment**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of various chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin and doxorubicin, which are used in the treatment of cancer. 2. **Steroid hormone disorders**: AKR1C1 is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, which are essential for various physiological processes. Mutations in the AKR1C1 gene have been implicated in disorders such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. 3. **Bile acid disorders**: AKR1C1 is involved in the synthesis of bile acids, which are essential for fat digestion and absorption. Mutations in the AKR1C1 gene have been implicated in disorders such as primary biliary cirrhosis. 4. **Cholesterol disorders**: AKR1C1 is involved in the reduction of cholesterol, which is a critical step in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Mutations in the AKR1C1 gene have been implicated in disorders such as familial hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, AKR1C1 is a critical enzyme involved in various metabolic pathways, including steroid metabolism, bile acid synthesis, cholesterol homeostasis, and drug metabolism. Its clinical significance is evident in the context of cancer treatment, steroid hormone disorders, bile acid disorders, and cholesterol disorders.

Genular Protein ID: 1057798921

Symbol: AK1C1_HUMAN

Name: Chlordecone reductase homolog HAKRC

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8486699

Title: cDNA cloning and expression of the human hepatic bile acid-binding protein. A member of the monomeric reductase gene family.

PubMed ID: 8486699

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)82220-7

PubMed ID: 8132567

Title: Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of a novel human hepatic dihydrodiol dehydrogenase with high affinity bile acid binding.

PubMed ID: 8132567

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37210-1

PubMed ID: 7515059

Title: Regulation of human dihydrodiol dehydrogenase by Michael acceptor xenobiotics.

PubMed ID: 7515059

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40716-2

PubMed ID: 7626489

Title: Distribution of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat brain and molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding structurally related proteins in humans.

PubMed ID: 7626489

DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00019-v

PubMed ID: 10672042

Title: Close kinship of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene with three aldo-keto reductase genes.

PubMed ID: 10672042

DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2000.00310.x

PubMed ID: 11013348

Title: Characterization of a human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 11013348

DOI: 10.1677/jme.0.0250221

PubMed ID: 15164054

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 10.

PubMed ID: 15164054

DOI: 10.1038/nature02462

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 8274401

Title: Molecular cloning of multiple cDNAs encoding human enzymes structurally related to 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

PubMed ID: 8274401

DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(93)90308-j

PubMed ID: 8573067

Title: Relationship of human liver dihydrodiol dehydrogenases to hepatic bile-acid-binding protein and an oxidoreductase of human colon cells.

PubMed ID: 8573067

DOI: 10.1042/bj3130373

PubMed ID: 8172617

Title: Molecular cloning of two human liver 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid/dihydrodiol dehydrogenase isoenzymes that are identical with chlordecone reductase and bile-acid binder.

PubMed ID: 8172617

DOI: 10.1042/bj2990545

PubMed ID: 10998348

Title: Human 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms (AKR1C1-AKR1C4) of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily: functional plasticity and tissue distribution reveals roles in the inactivation and formation of male and female sex hormones.

PubMed ID: 10998348

DOI: 10.1042/0264-6021:3510067

PubMed ID: 14672942

Title: Human cytosolic 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily display significant 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity: implications for steroid hormone metabolism and action.

PubMed ID: 14672942

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313308200

PubMed ID: 19218247

Title: Human cytosolic hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases of the aldo-ketoreductase superfamily catalyze reduction of conjugated steroids: implications for phase I and phase II steroid hormone metabolism.

PubMed ID: 19218247

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m809465200

PubMed ID: 12899831

Title: Human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: crystallographic and site-directed mutagenesis studies lead to the identification of an alternative binding site for C21-steroids.

PubMed ID: 12899831

DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00762-9

PubMed ID: 21414777

Title: Probing the inhibitor selectivity pocket of human 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C1) with X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis.

PubMed ID: 21414777

DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.076

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 323
  • Mass: 36788
  • Checksum: 9CB215478FBD29D5
  • Sequence:
  • MDSKYQCVKL NDGHFMPVLG FGTYAPAEVP KSKALEATKL AIEAGFRHID SAHLYNNEEQ 
    VGLAIRSKIA DGSVKREDIF YTSKLWCNSH RPELVRPALE RSLKNLQLDY VDLYLIHFPV 
    SVKPGEEVIP KDENGKILFD TVDLCATWEA VEKCKDAGLA KSIGVSNFNR RQLEMILNKP 
    GLKYKPVCNQ VECHPYFNQR KLLDFCKSKD IVLVAYSALG SHREEPWVDP NSPVLLEDPV 
    LCALAKKHKR TPALIALRYQ LQRGVVVLAK SYNEQRIRQN VQVFEFQLTS EEMKAIDGLN 
    RNVRYLTLDI FAGPPNYPFS DEY

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.