Details for: GDF9

Gene ID: 2661

Symbol: GDF9

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000164404

Description: growth differentiation factor 9

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 1.92
    Marker Score: 1901
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.61
    Marker Score: 1173
  • Cell Name: oocyte (CL0000023)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 310
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 798
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 2133
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71834.5
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48059
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 510
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30409
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2413
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 5348
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 1764
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 625
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 2741
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 288.5
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 326
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5290
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 12831
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 1636
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 710
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1263
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 398
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 299
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 178
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 2858
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 239
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 200
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 456
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 179
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 361.5
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 173
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 1180
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 728
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 191
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 221
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 93
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.29
    Marker Score: 130
  • Cell Name: ventricular cardiac muscle cell (CL2000046)
    Fold Change: 0.27
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.22
    Marker Score: 73
  • Cell Name: retinal ganglion cell (CL0000740)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 265
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.21
    Marker Score: 304
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 212
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: 0.2
    Marker Score: 85
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.17
    Marker Score: 41
  • Cell Name: respiratory basal cell (CL0002633)
    Fold Change: 0.15
    Marker Score: 212
  • Cell Name: common myeloid progenitor (CL0000049)
    Fold Change: 0.14
    Marker Score: 36
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: 0.13
    Marker Score: 55
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 388
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.11
    Marker Score: 66
  • Cell Name: neuroendocrine cell (CL0000165)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 38
  • Cell Name: double negative thymocyte (CL0002489)
    Fold Change: 0.1
    Marker Score: 134
  • Cell Name: mast cell (CL0000097)
    Fold Change: 0.09
    Marker Score: 50
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 51
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct cell (CL1001225)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 188
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.08
    Marker Score: 112
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 115
  • Cell Name: gut endothelial cell (CL0000131)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 26
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: pro-B cell (CL0000826)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 64
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of uterus (CL0002149)
    Fold Change: 0.07
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: adventitial cell (CL0002503)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000494)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 22
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of prostate (CL1000487)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 16
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 25
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of glomerular capsule (CL1000450)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 37
  • Cell Name: skin fibroblast (CL0002620)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 89
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: keratocyte (CL0002363)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: tracheal goblet cell (CL1000329)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 159
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.06
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 27
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 220
  • Cell Name: M cell of gut (CL0000682)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: parietal cell (CL0000162)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 54
  • Cell Name: plasmacytoid dendritic cell, human (CL0001058)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 546
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell (CL0019019)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 15
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 29
  • Cell Name: oligodendrocyte precursor cell (CL0002453)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 62
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 23
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 470
  • Cell Name: large intestine goblet cell (CL1000320)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 13
  • Cell Name: PP cell (CL0000696)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 11
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal stem cell (CL0000134)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 75
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 0.05
    Marker Score: 14

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Other Information

**Key characteristics**: * GDF9 is a secreted protein that is produced by and acts on type B pancreatic cells, colon goblet cells, oocyte, early T-lineage precursor, kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell, cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron, forebrain radial glial cell, tuft cell of colon, and BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell. * It is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. * GDF9 has a unique structure that includes a central coiled domain and two extracellular domains. **Pathways and functions**: * GDF9 is a key regulator of female oocyte growth and development. * It is produced by the oocyte and is essential for the development of the female reproductive tract. * GDF9 promotes oocyte growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, GDF9 receptor type 1 (GDF9R1), which is expressed on the surface of oocyte-derived cells. * It also promotes the expression of genes that are involved in oocyte development, such as those encoding for proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and proliferation. **Clinical significance**: * Mutations in the GDF9 gene have been linked to female infertility and reproductive disorders. * GDF9 is a potential therapeutic target for reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. * Studies have shown that GDF9 can be used to stimulate oocyte maturation and improve IVF outcomes.

Genular Protein ID: 200284031

Symbol: GDF9_HUMAN

Name: Growth/differentiation factor 9

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O60383 Q4VAW5

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 10 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 3 SAM 1 SMART 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 10443672

Title: Human growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and its novel homolog GDF-9B are expressed in oocytes during early folliculogenesis.

PubMed ID: 10443672

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.84.8.5921

PubMed ID: 12050262

Title: Growth differentiation factor-9 inhibits 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate-stimulated steroidogenesis in human granulosa and theca cells.

PubMed ID: 12050262

DOI: 10.1210/jcem.87.6.8551

PubMed ID: 18006624

Title: Phosphorylation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 and growth and differentiation factor-9 plays a critical role in determining agonistic or antagonistic functions.

PubMed ID: 18006624

DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-1439

PubMed ID: 19366876

Title: Effects of growth differentiation factor 9 on cell cycle regulators and ERK42/44 in human granulosa cell proliferation.

PubMed ID: 19366876

DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90929.2008

PubMed ID: 20067794

Title: Golgi apparatus casein kinase phosphorylates bioactive Ser-6 of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth and differentiation factor 9.

PubMed ID: 20067794

DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.12.052

PubMed ID: 20660033

Title: Growth differentiation factor 9 reverses activin A suppression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression and progesterone production in human granulosa-lutein cells.

PubMed ID: 20660033

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0477

PubMed ID: 21632818

Title: Growth differentiating factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 both activate development of human primordial follicles in vitro, with seemingly more beneficial effects of GDF9.

PubMed ID: 21632818

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0410

PubMed ID: 21829661

Title: Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) suppresses follistatin and follistatin-like 3 production in human granulosa-lutein cells.

PubMed ID: 21829661

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022866

PubMed ID: 21970812

Title: The ratio of growth differentiation factor 9: bone morphogenetic protein 15 mRNA expression is tightly co-regulated and differs between species over a wide range of ovulation rates.

PubMed ID: 21970812

DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.09.033

PubMed ID: 29044499

Title: Identification of the first homozygous 1-bp deletion in GDF9 gene leading to primary ovarian insufficiency by using targeted massively parallel sequencing.

PubMed ID: 29044499

DOI: 10.1111/cge.13156

PubMed ID: 16278619

Title: Mutational screening of the coding region of growth differentiation factor 9 gene in Indian women with ovarian failure.

PubMed ID: 16278619

DOI: 10.1097/01.gme.0000184424.96437.7a

PubMed ID: 16645022

Title: Mutations and sequence variants in GDF9 and BMP15 in patients with premature ovarian failure.

PubMed ID: 16645022

DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02135

PubMed ID: 16954162

Title: Novel variants in growth differentiation factor 9 in mothers of dizygotic twins.

PubMed ID: 16954162

DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0970

PubMed ID: 17156781

Title: Growth differentiating factor-9 mutations may be associated with premature ovarian failure.

PubMed ID: 17156781

DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.05.079

PubMed ID: 17482612

Title: Analyses of GDF9 mutation in 100 Chinese women with premature ovarian failure.

PubMed ID: 17482612

DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.021

PubMed ID: 19438907

Title: Analyses of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) mutation in Chinese women with premature ovarian failure.

PubMed ID: 19438907

DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03613.x

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 454
  • Mass: 51444
  • Checksum: 94EA366E90CDBC27
  • Sequence:
    • MARPNKFLLW FCCFAWLCFP ISLGSQASGG EAQIAASAEL ESGAMPWSLL QHIDERDRAG 
LLPALFKVLS VGRGGSPRLQ PDSRALHYMK KLYKTYATKE GIPKSNRSHL YNTVRLFTPC 
TRHKQAPGDQ VTGILPSVEL LFNLDRITTV EHLLKSVLLY NINNSVSFSS AVKCVCNLMI 
KEPKSSSRTL GRAPYSFTFN SQFEFGKKHK WIQIDVTSLL QPLVASNKRS IHMSINFTCM 
KDQLEHPSAQ NGLFNMTLVS PSLILYLNDT SAQAYHSWYS LHYKRRPSQG PDQERSLSAY 
PVGEEAAEDG RSSHHRHRRG QETVSSELKK PLGPASFNLS EYFRQFLLPQ NECELHDFRL 
SFSQLKWDNW IVAPHRYNPR YCKGDCPRAV GHRYGSPVHT MVQNIIYEKL DSSVPRPSCV 
PAKYSPLSVL TIEPDGSIAY KEYEDMIATK CTCR

Genular Protein ID: 2938199449

Symbol: B4DXG3_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B4DXG3

Database IDs:

ARBA 10 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 5 Ensembl 5 GO 2 Gene3D 1 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 InterPro 5 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 3 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 Proteomes 2 RefSeq 9 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SUPFAM 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 15372022

Title: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5.

PubMed ID: 15372022

DOI: 10.1038/nature02919

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 366
  • Mass: 41845
  • Checksum: 3D62CD3E9FC270A8
  • Sequence:
    • MKKLYKTYAT KEGIPKSNRS HLYNTVRLFT PCTRHKQAPG DQVTGILPSV ELLFNLDRIT 
TVEHLLKSVL LYNINNSVSF SSAVKCVCNL MIKEPKSSSR TLGRAPYSFT FNSQFEFGKK 
HKWIQIDVTS LLQPLVASNK RSIHMSINFT CMKDQLEHPS AQNGLFNMTL VSPSLILYLN 
DTSAQAYHSW YSLHYKRRPS QGPDQERSLS AYPVGEEAAE DGRSSHHRHR RGQETVSSEL 
KKPLGPASFN LSEYFRQFLL PQNECELHDF RLSFSQLKWD NWIVAPHRYN PRYCKGDCPR 
AVGHRYGSPV HTMVQNIIYE KLDSSVPRPS CVPAKYSPLS VLTIEPDGSI AYKEYEDMIA 
TKCTCR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.