Details for: GPR19

Gene ID: 2842

Symbol: GPR19

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000183150

Description: G protein-coupled receptor 19

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 52.5892
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1800
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 32.8020
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3200
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 3.8266
    Cell Significance Index: 122.5600
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: 1.0784
    Cell Significance Index: 66.1200
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.6257
    Cell Significance Index: 125.5200
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: 0.4456
    Cell Significance Index: 16.8800
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4436
    Cell Significance Index: 43.8800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: 0.4309
    Cell Significance Index: 19.0600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: 0.4212
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9700
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.4151
    Cell Significance Index: 79.0000
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.3691
    Cell Significance Index: 132.4000
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: 0.3028
    Cell Significance Index: 6.6300
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.2999
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7200
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.2278
    Cell Significance Index: 37.0500
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.2144
    Cell Significance Index: 23.3300
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: 0.1962
    Cell Significance Index: 13.1900
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1956
    Cell Significance Index: 176.6500
  • Cell Name: cortical interneuron (CL0008031)
    Fold Change: 0.1818
    Cell Significance Index: 4.3600
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: 0.1718
    Cell Significance Index: 10.5600
  • Cell Name: GABAergic interneuron (CL0011005)
    Fold Change: 0.1511
    Cell Significance Index: 104.5100
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.1491
    Cell Significance Index: 8.9500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: 0.0722
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: 0.0506
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3000
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: 0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0422
    Cell Significance Index: 8.3800
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0338
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.0285
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9700
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.0231
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0026
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0900
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0500
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0010
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0012
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6100
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0022
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9800
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: -0.0028
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5400
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0029
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0600
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0084
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7000
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0087
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4800
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0106
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8000
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0109
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9300
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2000
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0126
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0137
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -9.2400
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0161
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0167
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8000
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0171
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0900
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: -0.0173
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.0240
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7200
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0272
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0304
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9000
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0393
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0398
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0412
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0450
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6800
  • Cell Name: radial glial cell (CL0000681)
    Fold Change: -0.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0526
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2300
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.0533
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2800
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7500
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0565
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8500
  • Cell Name: glioblast (CL0000030)
    Fold Change: -0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3700
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0623
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0635
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4000
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0721
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0727
    Cell Significance Index: -8.3300
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.0767
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5400
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0830
    Cell Significance Index: -8.6400
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: -0.0917
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: -0.0949
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0954
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1083
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0800
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.1116
    Cell Significance Index: -3.9100
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.1135
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8300
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.1166
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5200
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.1237
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.1271
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6200
  • Cell Name: slow muscle cell (CL0000189)
    Fold Change: -0.1330
    Cell Significance Index: -1.9900
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.1433
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1445
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7900
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.1486
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5700
  • Cell Name: neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) (CL0000031)
    Fold Change: -0.1491
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9700
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: -0.1504
    Cell Significance Index: -3.1400
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fibroblast (CL0011027)
    Fold Change: -0.1520
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex neuron (CL0010012)
    Fold Change: -0.1640
    Cell Significance Index: -1.5600
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.1731
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4300
  • Cell Name: glutamatergic neuron (CL0000679)
    Fold Change: -0.1735
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8900
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.1815
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9400
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.1942
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7500
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.2032
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0000
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.2032
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4600
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.2058
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6900
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.2099
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6400
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.2137
    Cell Significance Index: -5.3300
  • Cell Name: OFF midget ganglion cell (CL4033047)
    Fold Change: -0.2302
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8700
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2312
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8400
  • Cell Name: GABAergic neuron (CL0000617)
    Fold Change: -0.2441
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GPR19 is a GPCR that belongs to the Gq class, which is characterized by its ability to activate Gαq proteins and induce intracellular signaling cascades. The receptor is primarily expressed in cells of the gastrointestinal tract, including goblet cells, enterocytes, and intestinal crypt stem cells. Additionally, GPR19 is also expressed in the central nervous system, where it is found in GABAergic interneurons and radial glial cells. The receptor's expression patterns suggest a role in regulating immune responses, cellular homeostasis, and neural function. **Pathways and Functions:** GPR19 is involved in several signaling pathways that regulate immune responses and cellular homeostasis. The receptor's activation of Gαq proteins triggers the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and the subsequent production of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). These signaling molecules activate various downstream pathways, including the NF-κB and MAPK pathways, which are involved in inflammation, cell survival, and differentiation. GPR19 also interacts with other receptors and signaling molecules, such as GABA receptors and β2-adrenergic receptors, to modulate immune responses and neural activity. **Clinical Significance:** The discovery of GPR19 as a novel GPCR with immune regulatory functions has significant implications for our understanding of various diseases. The receptor's expression in the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system suggests a role in regulating immune responses to dietary antigens, toxins, and pathogens. GPR19 may also play a role in the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where immune dysregulation and gut barrier dysfunction are key features. Furthermore, the receptor's expression in the central nervous system suggests a potential role in neurological disorders, such as anxiety and depression, where immune regulation and neuroinflammation are involved. In conclusion, GPR19 is a novel GPCR that plays a crucial role in regulating immune responses and cellular homeostasis. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the receptor's functions and its clinical significance in various diseases. However, the discovery of GPR19 highlights the complexity of the immune system and the need for a more nuanced understanding of the interactions between immune cells, the gut microbiome, and the central nervous system. **Future Directions:** Future studies should focus on the following areas: 1. Elucidating the receptor's ligands and signaling mechanisms to understand its role in immune regulation and cellular homeostasis. 2. Investigating the receptor's expression and function in various diseases, including IBD, neurological disorders, and cancer. 3. Developing novel therapeutic strategies that target GPR19 to modulate immune responses and treat diseases. 4. Exploring the receptor's interactions with other signaling molecules and receptors to understand its role in complex biological processes. By advancing our knowledge of GPR19, we can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between the immune system, the gut microbiome, and the central nervous system, ultimately leading to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 172024951

Symbol: GPR19_HUMAN

Name: Probable G-protein coupled receptor 19

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q15760

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 3 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 4 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 3 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8830667

Title: A novel gene codes for a putative G protein-coupled receptor with an abundant expression in brain.

PubMed ID: 8830667

DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00901-5

PubMed ID: 16541075

Title: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12.

PubMed ID: 16541075

DOI: 10.1038/nature04569

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 415
  • Mass: 47687
  • Checksum: D5DF78C1BFA401FD
  • Sequence:
    • MVFAHRMDNS KPHLIIPTLL VPLQNRSCTE TATPLPSQYL MELSEEHSWM SNQTDLHYVL 
KPGEVATASI FFGILWLFSI FGNSLVCLVI HRSRRTQSTT NYFVVSMACA DLLISVASTP 
FVLLQFTTGR WTLGSATCKV VRYFQYLTPG VQIYVLLSIC IDRFYTIVYP LSFKVSREKA 
KKMIAASWVF DAGFVTPVLF FYGSNWDSHC NYFLPSSWEG TAYTVIHFLV GFVIPSVLII 
LFYQKVIKYI WRIGTDGRTV RRTMNIVPRT KVKTIKMFLI LNLLFLLSWL PFHVAQLWHP 
HEQDYKKSSL VFTAITWISF SSSASKPTLY SIYNANFRRG MKETFCMSSM KCYRSNAYTI 
TTSSRMAKKN YVGISEIPSM AKTITKDSIY DSFDREAKEK KLAWPINSNP PNTFV

Genular Protein ID: 1661522448

Symbol: Q6IBH2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q6IBH2

Database IDs:

ARBA 5 AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 8 GO 2 Gene3D 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 2 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 SUPFAM 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 16303743

Title: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.

PubMed ID: 16303743

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 415
  • Mass: 47701
  • Checksum: 238619E007152ADF
  • Sequence:
    • MVFAHRMDNS KPHLIIPTLL VPLQNRSCTE TATPLPSQYL MELSEEHSWM SNQTDLHYVL 
KPGEVATASI FFGILWLFSI FGNSLVCLVI HRSRRTQSTT NYFVVSMACA DLLISVASTP 
FVLLQFTTGR WTLGSATCKV VRYFQYLTPG VQIYVLLSIC IDRFYTIVYP LSFKVSREKA 
KKMIAASWIF DAGFVTPVLF FYGSNWDSHC NYFLPSSWEG TAYTVIHFLV GFVIPSVLII 
LFYQKVIKYI WRIGTDGRTV RRTMNIVPRT KVKTIKMFLI LNLLFLLSWL PFHVAQLWHP 
HEQDYKKSSL VFTAITWISF SSSASKPTLY SIYNANFRRG MKETFCMSSM KCYRSNAYTI 
TTSSRMAKKN YVGISEIPSM AKTITKDSIY DSFDREAKEK KLAWPINSNP PNTFV

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.