Details for: GSR

Gene ID: 2936

Symbol: GSR

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000104687

Description: glutathione-disulfide reductase

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 2.17
    Marker Score: 2287
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 1.75
    Marker Score: 3844
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 1.55
    Marker Score: 57348
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 1.53
    Marker Score: 1021
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 168056
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 1.46
    Marker Score: 11205
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 1.45
    Marker Score: 5601
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 1.42
    Marker Score: 21164
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 1.38
    Marker Score: 27374
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 429
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 1.35
    Marker Score: 51176
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 1.31
    Marker Score: 5415
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 1.29
    Marker Score: 12116
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 1966
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 1.27
    Marker Score: 5164
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 11961
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 1.26
    Marker Score: 77228
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 1.25
    Marker Score: 5214
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 1.19
    Marker Score: 4098
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 1.18
    Marker Score: 10166
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 12098
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 17734
  • Cell Name: kidney distal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000849)
    Fold Change: 1.11
    Marker Score: 1174
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: 1.09
    Marker Score: 736
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 618
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 1.06
    Marker Score: 2667
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epithelium of trachea (CL1000348)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 7745
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 1.03
    Marker Score: 301
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.01
    Marker Score: 1487
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 999.5
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 2353
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71715
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47940
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 1032
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30394
  • Cell Name: foveolar cell of stomach (CL0002179)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 6244
  • Cell Name: enterocyte (CL0000584)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 4614
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 1673
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 53230
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 3365
  • Cell Name: respiratory goblet cell (CL0002370)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 273
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 2400
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 484
  • Cell Name: OFF retinal ganglion cell (CL4023033)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 393
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 440
  • Cell Name: basal cell (CL0000646)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1186
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 5200
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 545
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 2709
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 1259
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 1443
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 605
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 5676
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 679.5
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 411.5
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5295
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 15489
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 504
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 309.5
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 2113
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct intercalated cell (CL1001432)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 1421
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 18018
  • Cell Name: midzonal region hepatocyte (CL0019028)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 3631
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 951
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.82
    Marker Score: 1859
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 258
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 607.5
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 27500
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 754
  • Cell Name: interneuron (CL0000099)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 358
  • Cell Name: mucous neck cell (CL0000651)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1755
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 634
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 190
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 305
  • Cell Name: peptic cell (CL0000155)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 317
  • Cell Name: ON retinal ganglion cell (CL4023032)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 206
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001107)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 764
  • Cell Name: cholangiocyte (CL1000488)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 281
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 6498
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 1836
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 4429
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 2301
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 377
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 356
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 2359
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 540
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 767
  • Cell Name: ependymal cell (CL0000065)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 248
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic cell (CL0000988)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 468
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 607
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 799
  • Cell Name: papillary tips cell (CL1000597)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 140
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 3702
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.69
    Marker Score: 2881
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 620
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 1239
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of colon (CL1000347)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 1043
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 3989
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 172
  • Cell Name: elicited macrophage (CL0000861)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 4041

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** * It is a protein found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. * It is a single-pass membrane protein with a molecular weight of approximately 120 kDa. * It is a member of the glutathione reductase family of enzymes. * It is highly expressed in various cell types, including epithelial cells, muscle cells, and immune cells. **Pathways and functions:** * **Detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS):** GSR is a key enzyme in the cellular defense system that helps neutralize harmful ROS generated during oxidative stress. * **Electron transfer activity:** GSR is involved in the electron transfer chain, where it accepts electrons from other molecules, reducing them to hydrogen peroxide. * **Regulation of gene expression:** GSR is a key regulator of gene expression, particularly in response to stress conditions. * **Signaling pathways:** GSR is involved in various signaling pathways, including the Keap1-nfe2l2 pathway and the Tp53-mediated pathway. **Clinical significance:** * Mutations in GSR have been linked to various diseases, including liver diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. * GSR inhibitors are being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for these diseases. * GSR is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy due to its involvement in cancer cell growth and metastasis. **Additional notes:** * GSR is a highly conserved protein with homologs in other species. * It is a well-studied protein with a well-characterized structure and function.

Genular Protein ID: 3601096432

Symbol: GSHR_HUMAN

Name: Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P00390 C8KIL8 C8KIL9 C8KIM0 D3DSV3 Q7Z5C9 Q9NP63

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 4 CTD 1 CarbonylDB 1 ChEBI 7 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 18 DrugCentral 1 EC 1 EMBL 14 EPD 1 Ensembl 4 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 12 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 8 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 3 MINT 1 MalaCards 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 NCBIfam 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 Orphanet 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 30 PDBsum 27 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 5 Pumba 1 REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 5 RefSeq 4 Rhea 1 SABIO-RK 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniProtKB 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 2185014

Title: Cloning and sequencing of mammalian glutathione reductase cDNA.

PubMed ID: 2185014

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1990.tb15431.x

PubMed ID: 10708558

Title: Structural organization of the human glutathione reductase (GSR) gene: determination of correct cDNA sequence and identification of a mitochondrial leader sequence.

PubMed ID: 10708558

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2267

PubMed ID: 20628807

Title: Expression of glutathione reductase splice variants in human tissues.

PubMed ID: 20628807

DOI: 10.1007/s10528-010-9362-z

PubMed ID: 16421571

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8.

PubMed ID: 16421571

DOI: 10.1038/nature04406

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7060551

Title: Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. The sequences of the NADPH domain and of the interface domain.

PubMed ID: 7060551

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1982.tb05780.x

PubMed ID: 923580

Title: Glutathione reductase from human erythrocytes. Isolation of the enzyme and sequence analysis of the redox-active peptide.

PubMed ID: 923580

DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1977.tb11856.x

PubMed ID: 15592455

Title: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells.

PubMed ID: 15592455

DOI: 10.1038/nbt1046

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 24275569

Title: An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 24275569

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 17185460

Title: Molecular basis of glutathione reductase deficiency in human blood cells.

PubMed ID: 17185460

DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-08-042531

PubMed ID: 7334521

Title: Three-dimensional structure of glutathione reductase at 2-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 7334521

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90126-1

PubMed ID: 3656429

Title: Refined structure of glutathione reductase at 1.54-A resolution.

PubMed ID: 3656429

DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90191-4

PubMed ID: 8626496

Title: Kinetics and crystallographic analysis of human glutathione reductase in complex with a xanthene inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 8626496

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.14.8101

PubMed ID: 9174360

Title: Glutathione reductase turned into trypanothione reductase: structural analysis of an engineered change in substrate specificity.

PubMed ID: 9174360

DOI: 10.1021/bi963074p

PubMed ID: 9546215

Title: Enzyme inactivation through sulfhydryl oxidation by physiologic NO-carriers.

PubMed ID: 9546215

DOI: 10.1038/nsb0498-267

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 522
  • Mass: 56257
  • Checksum: DD8E2BA9D6E3757B
  • Sequence:
    • MALLPRALSA GAGPSWRRAA RAFRGFLLLL PEPAALTRAL SRAMACRQEP QPQGPPPAAG 
AVASYDYLVI GGGSGGLASA RRAAELGARA AVVESHKLGG TCVNVGCVPK KVMWNTAVHS 
EFMHDHADYG FPSCEGKFNW RVIKEKRDAY VSRLNAIYQN NLTKSHIEII RGHAAFTSDP 
KPTIEVSGKK YTAPHILIAT GGMPSTPHES QIPGASLGIT SDGFFQLEEL PGRSVIVGAG 
YIAVEMAGIL SALGSKTSLM IRHDKVLRSF DSMISTNCTE ELENAGVEVL KFSQVKEVKK 
TLSGLEVSMV TAVPGRLPVM TMIPDVDCLL WAIGRVPNTK DLSLNKLGIQ TDDKGHIIVD 
EFQNTNVKGI YAVGDVCGKA LLTPVAIAAG RKLAHRLFEY KEDSKLDYNN IPTVVFSHPP 
IGTVGLTEDE AIHKYGIENV KTYSTSFTPM YHAVTKRKTK CVMKMVCANK EEKVVGIHMQ 
GLGCDEMLQG FAVAVKMGAT KADFDNTVAI HPTSSEELVT LR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.