Details for: HK2

Gene ID: 3099

Symbol: HK2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159399

Description: hexokinase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 2.75
    Marker Score: 3332
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 2.39
    Marker Score: 1398
  • Cell Name: colon epithelial cell (CL0011108)
    Fold Change: 1.59
    Marker Score: 5005
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 1.54
    Marker Score: 9122
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 1.52
    Marker Score: 2242
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 2995
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 168929
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: 1.41
    Marker Score: 3513
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 1.36
    Marker Score: 1831
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous fat cell (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 1.34
    Marker Score: 491
  • Cell Name: fat cell (CL0000136)
    Fold Change: 1.23
    Marker Score: 685
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: 1.17
    Marker Score: 2070
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.16
    Marker Score: 18184
  • Cell Name: lung goblet cell (CL1000143)
    Fold Change: 1.13
    Marker Score: 325
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 1.1
    Marker Score: 328
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 1.04
    Marker Score: 251768
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71786
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 48011
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.99
    Marker Score: 4132
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30405
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell (CL1000838)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 2026.5
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 494
  • Cell Name: eurydendroid cell (CL0000253)
    Fold Change: 0.96
    Marker Score: 390
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 448
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2409
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 928
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 299
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 5296
  • Cell Name: type II pneumocyte (CL0002063)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 6022
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2729
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.9
    Marker Score: 968
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of epicardial fat of left ventricle (CL1000311)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 235
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 1685
  • Cell Name: central nervous system macrophage (CL0000878)
    Fold Change: 0.89
    Marker Score: 441
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 317
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5272
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of urethra (CL1000296)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 665
  • Cell Name: pneumocyte (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.84
    Marker Score: 1355
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.83
    Marker Score: 918
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 479
  • Cell Name: luminal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002340)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: epicardial adipocyte (CL1000309)
    Fold Change: 0.79
    Marker Score: 383
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 1258
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 226
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 218
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 385
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 18994
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 565
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.74
    Marker Score: 3096
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 761
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 375
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 637
  • Cell Name: intestine goblet cell (CL0019031)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 667
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 175
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 37902
  • Cell Name: corneal endothelial cell (CL0000132)
    Fold Change: 0.67
    Marker Score: 393
  • Cell Name: osteoclast (CL0000092)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 324
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 1407
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 216
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 399
  • Cell Name: secretory cell (CL0000151)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 1129
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 195
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 736
  • Cell Name: nasal mucosa goblet cell (CL0002480)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 407
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 1083
  • Cell Name: GABAergic amacrine cell (CL4030027)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 1178
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 392
  • Cell Name: renal beta-intercalated cell (CL0002201)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: CD1c-positive myeloid dendritic cell (CL0002399)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 1470
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 490
  • Cell Name: myelocyte (CL0002193)
    Fold Change: 0.57
    Marker Score: 245
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 19104
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle satellite stem cell (CL0008011)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 596
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 261
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 472
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 453
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 133
  • Cell Name: bronchial goblet cell (CL1000312)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 261
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell precursor (CL0002362)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 292
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 215
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell (CL0000066)
    Fold Change: 0.52
    Marker Score: 823
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 5152
  • Cell Name: glandular epithelial cell (CL0000150)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 1250.5
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.51
    Marker Score: 8167
  • Cell Name: mature microglial cell (CL0002629)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 181
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of breast (CL4006000)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 279
  • Cell Name: mucus secreting cell (CL0000319)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 124
  • Cell Name: type L enteroendocrine cell (CL0002279)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 131
  • Cell Name: primitive red blood cell (CL0002355)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 348
  • Cell Name: lung secretory cell (CL1000272)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 410
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of prostate (CL0002231)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 319
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 1301
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: 0.46
    Marker Score: 1308
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 883
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 286
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 144
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 719
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 3495

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - HK2 is a protein of the hexokinase family, which are enzymes that regulate the flow of glucose into and out of cells. - It is a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, which is responsible for breaking down glucose to produce energy. - HK2 is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis, the process by which cells die. - It binds to ATP and regulates its activity, which can either promote or inhibit apoptosis. - It is also involved in the regulation of calcium ions, which are essential for the function of many cellular processes. **Pathways and functions:** - HK2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including: - Mitochondrial function - Apoptosis - Glycolysis - Glucokinase activity - Fructokinase activity - Intracellular glucose homeostasis - Lactation - Metabolism of carbohydrates - It is also involved in the regulation of calcium ions, which are essential for the function of many cellular processes. **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in the HK2 gene have been linked to several eye diseases, including: - Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) - Diabetic retinopathy - Cataracts - Glaucoma - Targeting HK2 has been explored as a therapeutic strategy for these diseases. - Small molecule inhibitors of HK2 have been shown to be effective in preventing the progression of AMD and other eye diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 3333179838

Symbol: HXK2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P52789 D6W5J2 Q8WU87 Q9UN82

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 45 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EC 3 EMBL 25 EPD 1 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 31 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 2 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 12 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 6 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 2 UniProtKB 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8250948

Title: Human hexokinase II: sequence and homology to other hexokinases.

PubMed ID: 8250948

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2442

PubMed ID: 8786021

Title: Human hexokinase II gene: exon-intron organization, mutation screening in NIDDM, and its relationship to muscle hexokinase activity.

PubMed ID: 8786021

DOI: 10.1007/bf00400608

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7518342

Title: Steady state transcript levels of the type II hexokinase and type 1 glucose transporter in human tumor cell lines.

PubMed ID: 7518342

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90142-2

PubMed ID: 18350175

Title: Hexokinase II detachment from mitochondria triggers apoptosis through the permeability transition pore independent of voltage-dependent anion channels.

PubMed ID: 18350175

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001852

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23185017

Title: Mitochondrial localization of TIGAR under hypoxia stimulates HK2 and lowers ROS and cell death.

PubMed ID: 23185017

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206530109

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 26985301

Title: Discovery of a novel 2,6-disubstituted glucosamine series of potent and selective hexokinase 2 inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 26985301

DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00214

PubMed ID: 29298880

Title: The catalytic inactivation of the N-half of human hexokinase 2 and structural and biochemical characterization of its mitochondrial conformation.

PubMed ID: 29298880

DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171666

PubMed ID: 7883120

Title: Amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM.

PubMed ID: 7883120

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.330

PubMed ID: 7883122

Title: Analysis of the hexokinase II gene in subjects with insulin resistance and NIDDM and detection of a Gln142-->His substitution.

PubMed ID: 7883122

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.340

PubMed ID: 7883123

Title: Identification of four amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II and studies of relationships to NIDDM, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity.

PubMed ID: 7883123

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.347

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 917
  • Mass: 102380
  • Checksum: F17CE1938CF13880
  • Sequence:
    • MIASHLLAYF FTELNHDQVQ KVDQYLYHMR LSDETLLEIS KRFRKEMEKG LGATTHPTAA 
VKMLPTFVRS TPDGTEHGEF LALDLGGTNF RVLWVKVTDN GLQKVEMENQ IYAIPEDIMR 
GSGTQLFDHI AECLANFMDK LQIKDKKLPL GFTFSFPCHQ TKLDESFLVS WTKGFKSSGV 
EGRDVVALIR KAIQRRGDFD IDIVAVVNDT VGTMMTCGYD DHNCEIGLIV GTGSNACYME 
EMRHIDMVEG DEGRMCINME WGAFGDDGSL NDIRTEFDQE IDMGSLNPGK QLFEKMISGM 
YMGELVRLIL VKMAKEELLF GGKLSPELLN TGRFETKDIS DIEGEKDGIR KAREVLMRLG 
LDPTQEDCVA THRICQIVST RSASLCAATL AAVLQRIKEN KGEERLRSTI GVDGSVYKKH 
PHFAKRLHKT VRRLVPGCDV RFLRSEDGSG KGAAMVTAVA YRLADQHRAR QKTLEHLQLS 
HDQLLEVKRR MKVEMERGLS KETHASAPVK MLPTYVCATP DGTEKGDFLA LDLGGTNFRV 
LLVRVRNGKW GGVEMHNKIY AIPQEVMHGT GDELFDHIVQ CIADFLEYMG MKGVSLPLGF 
TFSFPCQQNS LDESILLKWT KGFKASGCEG EDVVTLLKEA IHRREEFDLD VVAVVNDTVG 
TMMTCGFEDP HCEVGLIVGT GSNACYMEEM RNVELVEGEE GRMCVNMEWG AFGDNGCLDD 
FRTEFDVAVD ELSLNPGKQR FEKMISGMYL GEIVRNILID FTKRGLLFRG RISERLKTRG 
IFETKFLSQI ESDCLALLQV RAILQHLGLE STCDDSIIVK EVCTVVARRA AQLCGAGMAA 
VVDRIRENRG LDALKVTVGV DGTLYKLHPH FAKVMHETVK DLAPKCDVSF LQSEDGSGKG 
AALITAVACR IREAGQR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.