Details for: HK2

Gene ID: 3099

Symbol: HK2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000159399

Description: hexokinase 2

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 115.7220
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0000
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 68.7185
    Cell Significance Index: -17.4300
  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 36.9963
    Cell Significance Index: -15.0300
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 27.4358
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4100
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell of the bronchus (CL0002332)
    Fold Change: 15.8472
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1300
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 14.6072
    Cell Significance Index: -18.0100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 4.5451
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9400
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.7569
    Cell Significance Index: 41.3100
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 2.5868
    Cell Significance Index: 134.3800
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 2.1566
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7200
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 2.1469
    Cell Significance Index: 49.6000
  • Cell Name: adipocyte of breast (CL0002617)
    Fold Change: 1.8122
    Cell Significance Index: 22.8200
  • Cell Name: retinal rod cell (CL0000604)
    Fold Change: 1.3154
    Cell Significance Index: 15.6800
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.8889
    Cell Significance Index: 96.6900
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.7872
    Cell Significance Index: 128.0400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 0.7342
    Cell Significance Index: 33.2800
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.7186
    Cell Significance Index: 10.0800
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: 0.6791
    Cell Significance Index: 42.8000
  • Cell Name: type I muscle cell (CL0002211)
    Fold Change: 0.6127
    Cell Significance Index: 14.9500
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.5658
    Cell Significance Index: 107.6700
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 0.4972
    Cell Significance Index: 49.1800
  • Cell Name: microfold cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000353)
    Fold Change: 0.4616
    Cell Significance Index: 31.9300
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.4349
    Cell Significance Index: 669.5500
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 0.4247
    Cell Significance Index: 7.8500
  • Cell Name: cone retinal bipolar cell (CL0000752)
    Fold Change: 0.4035
    Cell Significance Index: 3.1100
  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 0.3653
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2700
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: 0.3613
    Cell Significance Index: 491.3200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.3125
    Cell Significance Index: 4.8400
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.3011
    Cell Significance Index: 37.0200
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.2576
    Cell Significance Index: 51.1300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2178
    Cell Significance Index: 39.2700
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.2118
    Cell Significance Index: 398.7500
  • Cell Name: melanocyte of skin (CL1000458)
    Fold Change: 0.1727
    Cell Significance Index: 2.4200
  • Cell Name: subcutaneous adipocyte (CL0002521)
    Fold Change: 0.1723
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7500
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.1685
    Cell Significance Index: 3.6500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.1579
    Cell Significance Index: 86.2500
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.1280
    Cell Significance Index: 115.5400
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: 0.1205
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1100
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: 0.1167
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4400
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.1125
    Cell Significance Index: 207.5200
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.0882
    Cell Significance Index: 56.0200
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.0872
    Cell Significance Index: 2.1800
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 0.0838
    Cell Significance Index: 5.4100
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.0743
    Cell Significance Index: 2.6100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.0656
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0626
    Cell Significance Index: 1.7500
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.0479
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2600
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0400
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 0.0383
    Cell Significance Index: 2.9400
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: 1.0400
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: 0.0303
    Cell Significance Index: 2.2600
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: 0.0283
    Cell Significance Index: 1.5900
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3700
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: 0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: 10.8500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0176
    Cell Significance Index: 13.3000
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: 0.0142
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4400
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0151
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1900
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0156
    Cell Significance Index: -2.0100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0244
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: -0.0262
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0286
    Cell Significance Index: -21.1800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0328
    Cell Significance Index: -18.4700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: -24.6400
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0396
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6100
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: -0.0399
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4700
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0430
    Cell Significance Index: -15.4100
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.0432
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0572
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.0629
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0714
    Cell Significance Index: -14.3300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0790
    Cell Significance Index: -13.4900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.0920
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5800
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.0960
    Cell Significance Index: -5.0400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0961
    Cell Significance Index: -20.2500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1052
    Cell Significance Index: -1.4400
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.1133
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5200
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.1158
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1900
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.1293
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4600
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: -0.1357
    Cell Significance Index: -16.0000
  • Cell Name: type II muscle cell (CL0002212)
    Fold Change: -0.1639
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.1859
    Cell Significance Index: -21.3000
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1899
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6400
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: -0.2039
    Cell Significance Index: -2.3700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2268
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6800
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2423
    Cell Significance Index: -12.6200
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2675
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9900
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2927
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9900
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.3153
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9300
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.3210
    Cell Significance Index: -8.2000
  • Cell Name: retinal cone cell (CL0000573)
    Fold Change: -0.3493
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3600
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3495
    Cell Significance Index: -12.8300
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.3730
    Cell Significance Index: -12.9600
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3796
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7900
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3934
    Cell Significance Index: -8.1600
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.4007
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3000
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle cell (CL0000746)
    Fold Change: -0.4355
    Cell Significance Index: -6.4300
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.4395
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9000
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.4416
    Cell Significance Index: -16.7200
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.4701
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics** HK2 exhibits several distinct characteristics that set it apart from other hexokinase isoforms: 1. **High glucose affinity**: HK2 has a higher affinity for glucose compared to other hexokinase isoforms, allowing it to efficiently phosphorylate glucose even at low concentrations. 2. **Tissue-specific expression**: HK2 is predominantly expressed in tissues with high energy demands, such as the lens, colon, and immune cells. 3. **Regulation of glycolysis**: HK2 plays a critical role in regulating glycolysis, the primary metabolic pathway for energy production in cells. 4. **Involvement in cellular responses**: HK2 is involved in various cellular responses, including apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis, highlighting its importance in maintaining cellular homeostasis. **Pathways and Functions** HK2 is involved in several key pathways and functions, including: 1. **Glycolysis**: HK2 phosphorylates glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate, initiating glycolysis and energy production. 2. **Apoptotic mitochondrial changes**: HK2 regulates mitochondrial function and apoptosis, influencing cell survival and death. 3. **Autophagy**: HK2 is involved in the regulation of autophagy, a cellular process for removing damaged organelles and proteins. 4. **Angiogenesis**: HK2 promotes angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, by regulating cellular responses to hypoxia and ischemia. **Clinical Significance** HK2 plays a significant role in various diseases and conditions, including: 1. **Diabetes**: HK2 is implicated in the development of diabetes, as its dysregulation can lead to impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. 2. **Cancer**: HK2 is overexpressed in various cancers, including colon and breast cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive tumor behavior. 3. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: HK2 is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, where its dysregulation can lead to impaired glucose metabolism and neuronal damage. 4. **Infectious diseases**: HK2 is expressed in immune cells and plays a role in the regulation of immune responses, influencing the progression of infectious diseases. In conclusion, HK2 is a vital enzyme in glucose metabolism and energy production, with far-reaching implications for various diseases and conditions. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms underlying HK2's functions and its role in disease pathology.

Genular Protein ID: 3333179838

Symbol: HXK2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P52789 D6W5J2 Q8WU87 Q9UN82

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 45 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugCentral 1 EC 3 EMBL 25 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 31 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MetOSite 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 4 PDBsum 4 PIR 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 1 Rhea 6 SABIO-RK 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 UniPathway 2 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8250948

Title: Human hexokinase II: sequence and homology to other hexokinases.

PubMed ID: 8250948

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1993.2442

PubMed ID: 8786021

Title: Human hexokinase II gene: exon-intron organization, mutation screening in NIDDM, and its relationship to muscle hexokinase activity.

PubMed ID: 8786021

DOI: 10.1007/bf00400608

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 7518342

Title: Steady state transcript levels of the type II hexokinase and type 1 glucose transporter in human tumor cell lines.

PubMed ID: 7518342

DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(94)90142-2

PubMed ID: 18350175

Title: Hexokinase II detachment from mitochondria triggers apoptosis through the permeability transition pore independent of voltage-dependent anion channels.

PubMed ID: 18350175

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001852

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 23185017

Title: Mitochondrial localization of TIGAR under hypoxia stimulates HK2 and lowers ROS and cell death.

PubMed ID: 23185017

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1206530109

PubMed ID: 25944712

Title: N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome.

PubMed ID: 25944712

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400617

PubMed ID: 26985301

Title: Discovery of a novel 2,6-disubstituted glucosamine series of potent and selective hexokinase 2 inhibitors.

PubMed ID: 26985301

DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00214

PubMed ID: 29298880

Title: The catalytic inactivation of the N-half of human hexokinase 2 and structural and biochemical characterization of its mitochondrial conformation.

PubMed ID: 29298880

DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171666

PubMed ID: 7883120

Title: Amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II among patients with NIDDM.

PubMed ID: 7883120

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.330

PubMed ID: 7883122

Title: Analysis of the hexokinase II gene in subjects with insulin resistance and NIDDM and detection of a Gln142-->His substitution.

PubMed ID: 7883122

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.340

PubMed ID: 7883123

Title: Identification of four amino acid substitutions in hexokinase II and studies of relationships to NIDDM, glucose effectiveness, and insulin sensitivity.

PubMed ID: 7883123

DOI: 10.2337/diab.44.3.347

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 917
  • Mass: 102380
  • Checksum: F17CE1938CF13880
  • Sequence:
    • MIASHLLAYF FTELNHDQVQ KVDQYLYHMR LSDETLLEIS KRFRKEMEKG LGATTHPTAA 
VKMLPTFVRS TPDGTEHGEF LALDLGGTNF RVLWVKVTDN GLQKVEMENQ IYAIPEDIMR 
GSGTQLFDHI AECLANFMDK LQIKDKKLPL GFTFSFPCHQ TKLDESFLVS WTKGFKSSGV 
EGRDVVALIR KAIQRRGDFD IDIVAVVNDT VGTMMTCGYD DHNCEIGLIV GTGSNACYME 
EMRHIDMVEG DEGRMCINME WGAFGDDGSL NDIRTEFDQE IDMGSLNPGK QLFEKMISGM 
YMGELVRLIL VKMAKEELLF GGKLSPELLN TGRFETKDIS DIEGEKDGIR KAREVLMRLG 
LDPTQEDCVA THRICQIVST RSASLCAATL AAVLQRIKEN KGEERLRSTI GVDGSVYKKH 
PHFAKRLHKT VRRLVPGCDV RFLRSEDGSG KGAAMVTAVA YRLADQHRAR QKTLEHLQLS 
HDQLLEVKRR MKVEMERGLS KETHASAPVK MLPTYVCATP DGTEKGDFLA LDLGGTNFRV 
LLVRVRNGKW GGVEMHNKIY AIPQEVMHGT GDELFDHIVQ CIADFLEYMG MKGVSLPLGF 
TFSFPCQQNS LDESILLKWT KGFKASGCEG EDVVTLLKEA IHRREEFDLD VVAVVNDTVG 
TMMTCGFEDP HCEVGLIVGT GSNACYMEEM RNVELVEGEE GRMCVNMEWG AFGDNGCLDD 
FRTEFDVAVD ELSLNPGKQR FEKMISGMYL GEIVRNILID FTKRGLLFRG RISERLKTRG 
IFETKFLSQI ESDCLALLQV RAILQHLGLE STCDDSIIVK EVCTVVARRA AQLCGAGMAA 
VVDRIRENRG LDALKVTVGV DGTLYKLHPH FAKVMHETVK DLAPKCDVSF LQSEDGSGKG 
AALITAVACR IREAGQR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.