Details for: LGALS9

Gene ID: 3965

Symbol: LGALS9

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000168961

Description: galectin 9

Associated with

  • Cytokine signaling in immune system
    (R-HSA-1280215)
  • Immune system
    (R-HSA-168256)
  • Interleukin-2 family signaling
    (R-HSA-451927)
  • Signaling by interleukins
    (R-HSA-449147)
  • Carbohydrate binding
    (GO:0030246)
  • Cellular response to type ii interferon
    (GO:0071346)
  • Cellular response to virus
    (GO:0098586)
  • Chemotaxis
    (GO:0006935)
  • Collagen-containing extracellular matrix
    (GO:0062023)
  • Cytoplasm
    (GO:0005737)
  • Cytosol
    (GO:0005829)
  • Disaccharide binding
    (GO:0048030)
  • Enzyme binding
    (GO:0019899)
  • Erk1 and erk2 cascade
    (GO:0070371)
  • Extracellular space
    (GO:0005615)
  • Female pregnancy
    (GO:0007565)
  • Galactose binding
    (GO:0005534)
  • Galactoside binding
    (GO:0016936)
  • Inflammatory response
    (GO:0006954)
  • Maternal process involved in female pregnancy
    (GO:0060135)
  • Mature conventional dendritic cell differentiation
    (GO:0097029)
  • Natural killer cell tolerance induction
    (GO:0002519)
  • Negative regulation of activated t cell proliferation
    (GO:0046007)
  • Negative regulation of cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell proliferation
    (GO:2000562)
  • Negative regulation of chemokine production
    (GO:0032682)
  • Negative regulation of gene expression
    (GO:0010629)
  • Negative regulation of mast cell degranulation
    (GO:0043305)
  • Negative regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
    (GO:0045953)
  • Negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
    (GO:0032720)
  • Negative regulation of type ii interferon production
    (GO:0032689)
  • Nucleus
    (GO:0005634)
  • P38mapk cascade
    (GO:0038066)
  • Positive regulation of activated t cell autonomous cell death
    (GO:0070241)
  • Positive regulation of canonical nf-kappab signal transduction
    (GO:0043123)
  • Positive regulation of cd4-positive, alpha-beta t cell proliferation
    (GO:2000563)
  • Positive regulation of cd4-positive, cd25-positive, alpha-beta regulatory t cell differentiation involved in immune response
    (GO:0032834)
  • Positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
    (GO:2001269)
  • Positive regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process
    (GO:2000670)
  • Positive regulation of dendritic cell chemotaxis
    (GO:2000510)
  • Positive regulation of dendritic cell differentiation
    (GO:2001200)
  • Positive regulation of erk1 and erk2 cascade
    (GO:0070374)
  • Positive regulation of gene expression
    (GO:0010628)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production
    (GO:0032731)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-4 production
    (GO:0032753)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production
    (GO:0032755)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-8 production
    (GO:0032757)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-10 production
    (GO:0032733)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-12 production
    (GO:0032735)
  • Positive regulation of interleukin-13 production
    (GO:0032736)
  • Positive regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 production
    (GO:0071639)
  • Positive regulation of nf-kappab transcription factor activity
    (GO:0051092)
  • Positive regulation of non-canonical nf-kappab signal transduction
    (GO:1901224)
  • Positive regulation of t cell activation via t cell receptor contact with antigen bound to mhc molecule on antigen presenting cell
    (GO:2001190)
  • Positive regulation of transforming growth factor beta production
    (GO:0071636)
  • Positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production
    (GO:0032760)
  • Positive regulation of type ii interferon production
    (GO:0032729)
  • Positive regulation of viral entry into host cell
    (GO:0046598)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of interleukin-4 production
    (GO:0032673)
  • Regulation of interleukin-5 production
    (GO:0032674)
  • Regulation of p38mapk cascade
    (GO:1900744)
  • Response to interleukin-1
    (GO:0070555)
  • Response to lipopolysaccharide
    (GO:0032496)
  • Toll-like receptor 2 signaling pathway
    (GO:0034134)
  • Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway
    (GO:0034142)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: mucosal type mast cell (CL0000485)
    Fold Change: 41.6116
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9100
  • Cell Name: peripheral blood mononuclear cell (CL2000001)
    Fold Change: 34.8571
    Cell Significance Index: -17.9300
  • Cell Name: polychromatophilic erythroblast (CL0000550)
    Fold Change: 29.8306
    Cell Significance Index: -4.6400
  • Cell Name: ileal goblet cell (CL1000326)
    Fold Change: 25.2898
    Cell Significance Index: -16.9700
  • Cell Name: orthochromatic erythroblast (CL0000552)
    Fold Change: 10.9899
    Cell Significance Index: -13.5500
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic oligopotent progenitor cell (CL0002032)
    Fold Change: 6.6629
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: CD8-positive, alpha-beta regulatory T cell (CL0000795)
    Fold Change: 4.9748
    Cell Significance Index: -15.2800
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: 4.3370
    Cell Significance Index: 80.1600
  • Cell Name: CD8-alpha-beta-positive, alpha-beta intraepithelial T cell (CL0000796)
    Fold Change: 4.1883
    Cell Significance Index: -11.2200
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of bone marrow (CL0010001)
    Fold Change: 3.9280
    Cell Significance Index: -15.5000
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 3.0522
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6800
  • Cell Name: early promyelocyte (CL0002154)
    Fold Change: 2.2150
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1400
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: 2.0767
    Cell Significance Index: 133.9800
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of colon (CL0009009)
    Fold Change: 2.0435
    Cell Significance Index: 30.6200
  • Cell Name: late promyelocyte (CL0002151)
    Fold Change: 1.8405
    Cell Significance Index: 12.2100
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of large intestine (CL0002071)
    Fold Change: 1.6270
    Cell Significance Index: 73.7500
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 1.4107
    Cell Significance Index: 37.7400
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.2653
    Cell Significance Index: 125.1700
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: 1.1977
    Cell Significance Index: 27.6700
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 1.1185
    Cell Significance Index: 121.6600
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of small intestine (CL0009080)
    Fold Change: 0.6929
    Cell Significance Index: 6.9900
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: 0.5634
    Cell Significance Index: 6.4000
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.5355
    Cell Significance Index: 15.4300
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.4935
    Cell Significance Index: 25.6400
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of small intestine (CL0009006)
    Fold Change: 0.4737
    Cell Significance Index: 11.8400
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.4454
    Cell Significance Index: 13.0800
  • Cell Name: tonsil germinal center B cell (CL2000006)
    Fold Change: 0.4030
    Cell Significance Index: 47.5300
  • Cell Name: enteroendocrine cell of colon (CL0009042)
    Fold Change: 0.3676
    Cell Significance Index: 69.9600
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of colon (CL0009011)
    Fold Change: 0.3428
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9800
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.2514
    Cell Significance Index: 45.3200
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: 0.2492
    Cell Significance Index: 32.2000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: 0.1907
    Cell Significance Index: 23.4500
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.1406
    Cell Significance Index: 40.4500
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: 0.1376
    Cell Significance Index: 18.9000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: 0.0748
    Cell Significance Index: 2.0900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.0699
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2400
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: 0.0589
    Cell Significance Index: 32.1500
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: 0.0261
    Cell Significance Index: 1.2300
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: -0.0039
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2900
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0051
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9200
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -2.1300
  • Cell Name: pancreatic PP cell (CL0002275)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0069
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1100
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0071
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0075
    Cell Significance Index: -13.8900
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0088
    Cell Significance Index: -12.0200
  • Cell Name: hair follicular keratinocyte (CL2000092)
    Fold Change: -0.0113
    Cell Significance Index: -4.9800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0125
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0500
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0127
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6400
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0144
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6500
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0222
    Cell Significance Index: -14.1200
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0226
    Cell Significance Index: -16.5800
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0287
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9800
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0353
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4400
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0356
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1400
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.0423
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: -0.0427
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2000
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of stomach (CL0002178)
    Fold Change: -0.0516
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0100
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0575
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9000
  • Cell Name: odontoblast (CL0000060)
    Fold Change: -0.0809
    Cell Significance Index: -10.3700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0890
    Cell Significance Index: -4.1500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic endocrine cell (CL0008024)
    Fold Change: -0.1159
    Cell Significance Index: -13.2300
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: -0.1182
    Cell Significance Index: -2.5600
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: -0.1183
    Cell Significance Index: -1.8300
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.1312
    Cell Significance Index: -1.7900
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle cell of sphincter of pupil (CL0002243)
    Fold Change: -0.1394
    Cell Significance Index: -14.5200
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.1558
    Cell Significance Index: -11.6100
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.1823
    Cell Significance Index: -13.9900
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.1944
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300
  • Cell Name: sebum secreting cell (CL0000317)
    Fold Change: -0.2169
    Cell Significance Index: -15.3400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.2193
    Cell Significance Index: -17.3700
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.2249
    Cell Significance Index: -15.1200
  • Cell Name: prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell (CL2000059)
    Fold Change: -0.2277
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6400
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.2353
    Cell Significance Index: -9.6400
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.2512
    Cell Significance Index: -15.8400
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.2636
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2100
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.2668
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3600
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine (CL0009017)
    Fold Change: -0.2749
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8600
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: -0.2766
    Cell Significance Index: -14.4100
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.2841
    Cell Significance Index: -15.9500
  • Cell Name: glycinergic neuron (CL1001509)
    Fold Change: -0.3074
    Cell Significance Index: -16.1400
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell of small intestine (CL0009012)
    Fold Change: -0.3196
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6300
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: -0.3213
    Cell Significance Index: -2.6200
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.3303
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9900
  • Cell Name: umbrella cell of urothelium (CL4030056)
    Fold Change: -0.3470
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2000
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive monocyte (CL0001054)
    Fold Change: -0.3493
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8300
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.3549
    Cell Significance Index: -5.1100
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.3628
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7100
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.3666
    Cell Significance Index: -8.8800
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.3687
    Cell Significance Index: -16.3100
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.3710
    Cell Significance Index: -13.6200
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: -0.3864
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7800
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.3897
    Cell Significance Index: -12.7600
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: -0.4197
    Cell Significance Index: -3.4000
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.4198
    Cell Significance Index: -13.3700
  • Cell Name: alveolar macrophage (CL0000583)
    Fold Change: -0.4245
    Cell Significance Index: -3.7400
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.4299
    Cell Significance Index: -16.2800
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.4303
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** Galectin-9 is a type II galectin, which means it binds to beta-galactoside-containing molecules. It is a secreted protein that exists in two isoforms, LGALS9A and LGALS9B, which differ in their N-terminal sequences. Galectin-9 is highly expressed in various tissues, including the spleen, liver, and lymphoid organs, and its expression is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Galectin-9 is also involved in the regulation of cell-cell interactions, including the binding of galectin-9 to CD14 and CD16 on monocytes and dendritic cells. **Pathways and Functions:** Galectin-9 is involved in various signaling pathways, including the ERK1/2 and P38MAPK cascades, which regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Galectin-9 also modulates cytokine production, including the regulation of IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-α production. In addition, galectin-9 is involved in the regulation of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation, which is critical for the initiation of immune responses. Galectin-9 also regulates the activity of natural killer cells and macrophages, which are key players in the innate immune response. **Clinical Significance:** Galectin-9 has been implicated in various immune-related disorders, including autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, as well as cancer and viral infections. Elevated levels of galectin-9 have been observed in patients with autoimmune diseases, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Galectin-9 has also been shown to regulate the activity of dendritic cells, which are critical for the development of immune tolerance. Therefore, galectin-9 may play a role in the regulation of immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. In addition, galectin-9 has been shown to have anti-tumor effects, as it can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Galectin-9 has also been implicated in the regulation of viral entry into host cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for viral infections. **Conclusion:** Galectin-9 is a multifaceted regulator of the immune response, involved in various signaling pathways and the regulation of cell-cell interactions. Its clinical significance is evident in its involvement in autoimmune diseases, cancer, and viral infections. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which galectin-9 regulates the immune response and to explore its potential as a therapeutic target for immune-related disorders. **Future Directions:** 1. Investigate the mechanisms by which galectin-9 regulates the immune response, including its interaction with various cytokines and growth factors. 2. Explore the potential of galectin-9 as a biomarker for disease diagnosis and prognosis. 3. Investigate the anti-tumor effects of galectin-9 and its potential as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment. 4. Examine the role of galectin-9 in the regulation of immune tolerance and the prevention of autoimmune diseases. By understanding the mechanisms by which galectin-9 regulates the immune response, we can develop novel therapeutic strategies for immune-related disorders and improve our understanding of the complex interactions between the immune system and the environment.

Genular Protein ID: 3522390391

Symbol: LEG9_HUMAN

Name: Galectin-9

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00182 A7VJG6 F8W9W4 O14532 O75028 Q3B8N1 Q53FQ0 Q8WYQ7 Q9NQ58

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 1 CPTC 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 9 ChEMBL 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DrugBank 1 DrugCentral 1 EMBL 25 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 54 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 3 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 15 PDBsum 15 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 RNAct 1 Reactome 1 RefSeq 6 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 2 UniLectin 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9045665

Title: Molecular definition of a novel human galectin which is immunogenic in patients with Hodgkin's disease.

PubMed ID: 9045665

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.10.6416

PubMed ID: 9642261

Title: Human ecalectin, a variant of human galectin-9, is a novel eosinophil chemoattractant produced by T lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 9642261

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.27.16976

PubMed ID: 16625196

Title: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage.

PubMed ID: 16625196

DOI: 10.1038/nature04689

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 16116184

Title: Galectin-9 induces maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

PubMed ID: 16116184

DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.2974

PubMed ID: 16286920

Title: The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity.

PubMed ID: 16286920

DOI: 10.1038/ni1271

PubMed ID: 20209097

Title: A crucial role for Kupffer cell-derived galectin-9 in regulation of T cell immunity in hepatitis C infection.

PubMed ID: 20209097

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009504

PubMed ID: 21670307

Title: Galectin-9 binding to cell surface protein disulfide isomerase regulates the redox environment to enhance T-cell migration and HIV entry.

PubMed ID: 21670307

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017954108

PubMed ID: 23242525

Title: Profiling Lgals9 splice variant expression at the fetal-maternal interface: implications in normal and pathological human pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 23242525

DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.105460

PubMed ID: 23817958

Title: Proinflammatory stimuli induce galectin-9 in human mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation.

PubMed ID: 23817958

DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343335

PubMed ID: 23408620

Title: Galectin-9 functionally impairs natural killer cells in humans and mice.

PubMed ID: 23408620

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01085-12

PubMed ID: 24786365

Title: Galectin-9 is rapidly released during acute HIV-1 infection and remains sustained at high levels despite viral suppression even in elite controllers.

PubMed ID: 24786365

DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0004

PubMed ID: 24333696

Title: Endothelial LGALS9 splice variant expression in endothelial cell biology and angiogenesis.

PubMed ID: 24333696

DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.12.003

PubMed ID: 24465902

Title: Galectin-9 enhances cytokine secretion, but suppresses survival and degranulation, in human mast cell line.

PubMed ID: 24465902

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086106

PubMed ID: 25578313

Title: The Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway is involved in the regulation of NK cell function at the maternal-fetal interface in early pregnancy.

PubMed ID: 25578313

DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.126

PubMed ID: 25754930

Title: Up-regulation of galectin-9 induces cell migration in human dendritic cells infected with dengue virus.

PubMed ID: 25754930

DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12500

PubMed ID: 18005988

Title: Structural analysis of the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain reveals unexpected properties that differ from the mouse orthologue.

PubMed ID: 18005988

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.060

PubMed ID: 18977853

Title: Structural analysis of the recognition mechanism of poly-N-acetyllactosamine by the human galectin-9 N-terminal carbohydrate recognition domain.

PubMed ID: 18977853

DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwn121

PubMed ID: 20861009

Title: X-ray structures of human galectin-9 C-terminal domain in complexes with a biantennary oligosaccharide and sialyllactose.

PubMed ID: 20861009

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.163402

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 355
  • Mass: 39518
  • Checksum: 4748C22FCAFA536A
  • Sequence:
    • MAFSGSQAPY LSPAVPFSGT IQGGLQDGLQ ITVNGTVLSS SGTRFAVNFQ TGFSGNDIAF 
HFNPRFEDGG YVVCNTRQNG SWGPEERKTH MPFQKGMPFD LCFLVQSSDF KVMVNGILFV 
QYFHRVPFHR VDTISVNGSV QLSYISFQNP RTVPVQPAFS TVPFSQPVCF PPRPRGRRQK 
PPGVWPANPA PITQTVIHTV QSAPGQMFST PAIPPMMYPH PAYPMPFITT ILGGLYPSKS 
ILLSGTVLPS AQRFHINLCS GNHIAFHLNP RFDENAVVRN TQIDNSWGSE ERSLPRKMPF 
VRGQSFSVWI LCEAHCLKVA VDGQHLFEYY HRLRNLPTIN RLEVGGDIQL THVQT

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.