Details for: PTPA

Gene ID: 5524

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PTPA

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000119383

Description: protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator

Cell Significance Landscape

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 9.49
    rCSI 17.06%
    PRS 31.68
  • bronchial goblet cell CL1000312
    CSI 7.79
    rCSI 31.14%
    PRS 59.63
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 6.91
    rCSI 30.41%
    PRS 32.31
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 6.73
    rCSI 11.02%
    PRS 29.44
  • group 3 innate lymphoid cell CL0001071
    CSI 6.19
    rCSI 4.65%
    PRS 40.15
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 5.21
    rCSI 4.23%
    PRS 38.25
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 16.86%
    PRS 40.95
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 5.16
    rCSI 4.28%
    PRS 35.86
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 5.15
    rCSI 13.02%
    PRS 44.92
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 8.62%
    PRS 27.56
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 3.76
    rCSI 4.51%
    PRS 35.71
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.37
    rCSI 2.56%
    PRS 47.43
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.26
    rCSI 4.51%
    PRS 43.44
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 13.62%
    PRS 36.4
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.94
    rCSI 3.58%
    PRS 44.42
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.68
    rCSI 3.99%
    PRS 40.63
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.65
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 38.05
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.64
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 42.09
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 1.92%
    PRS 37.23
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 3.09%
    PRS 42.12
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 15.01%
    PRS 30.92
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.36
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 36.33
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 1.79%
    PRS 35.75
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 5.11%
    PRS 36.74
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.23
    rCSI 2.33%
    PRS 37.92
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 2.22
    rCSI 2.32%
    PRS 35.02
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 38.14
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.16
    rCSI 3.11%
    PRS 51.13
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 5.39%
    PRS 34.67
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.12
    rCSI 7.94%
    PRS 31.74
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.07%
    PRS 38.01
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 37.11
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.06
    rCSI 3.28%
    PRS 46.86
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 3.01%
    PRS 34.35
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 2.01
    rCSI 2.89%
    PRS 45.16
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 1.67%
    PRS 42.4
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 1.83%
    PRS 38.38
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.98
    rCSI 4.45%
    PRS 24.56
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 1.96
    rCSI 2.78%
    PRS 34.87
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.94
    rCSI 2.85%
    PRS 47.64
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.89
    rCSI 3.26%
    PRS 29.33
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 2.48%
    PRS 41.33
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.87
    rCSI 3.52%
    PRS 46.44
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 1.86%
    PRS 32.23
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 10.49%
    PRS 25.6
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 1.86
    rCSI 3.85%
    PRS 35.94
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 1.87%
    PRS 37.41
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 1.58%
    PRS 36.85
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 1.76
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 52.97
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.72
    rCSI 3.03%
    PRS 23.17
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 3.02%
    PRS 53.37
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 3.82%
    PRS 43.46
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 33.58
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 41.63
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.67
    rCSI 1.47%
    PRS 28.02
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 1.57%
    PRS 38.49
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 1.59%
    PRS 29.12
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 2.49%
    PRS 34.57
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 6.63%
    PRS 36.3
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.84%
    PRS 30.55
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.61
    rCSI 3.86%
    PRS 28.34
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.58
    rCSI 2.31%
    PRS 39.89
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.55
    rCSI 1.82%
    PRS 41.1
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 38.13
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.53
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 32.08
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 40.12
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.15%
    PRS 30
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.48
    rCSI 1.72%
    PRS 28.72
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 2.21%
    PRS 38.75
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 2.08%
    PRS 40.08
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 35.72
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 2.09%
    PRS 35.5
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 2.27%
    PRS 24.04
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.35
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 22.73
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.32
    rCSI 3.27%
    PRS 35.5
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.31
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 35.13
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.49%
    PRS 60.84
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.29
    rCSI 1.67%
    PRS 24.87
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 60.05
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.55%
    PRS 22.6
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.77%
    PRS 30.8
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.17
    rCSI 2.98%
    PRS 29.35
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.71%
    PRS 48.36
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.05
    rCSI 2.05%
    PRS 38.9
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 46.51
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 4.41%
    PRS 36.01
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 1.24%
    PRS 50.38
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 52.34
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 1.57%
    PRS 25.94
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 1.14%
    PRS 23.99
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 1.68%
    PRS 23.35
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.67
    rCSI 1.95%
    PRS 40.08
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.63
    rCSI 1.43%
    PRS 36.51
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.61
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 48.53
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.56
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 25.07
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.55
    rCSI 1.71%
    PRS 27.08
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.47
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 33.29
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.44
    rCSI 1.66%
    PRS 24.94
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.42
    rCSI 1.49%
    PRS 23.05
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.34
    rCSI 1.69%
    PRS 47.38
  • mesenchymal stem cell CL0000134
    CSI 0.1
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 54.6%
  • peptic cell CL0000155
    CSI 0.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 65.9%
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 25.2%
  • tracheobronchial serous cell CL0019001
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.3%
    PRS 54.5%
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 0.5%
    PRS 29.4%
  • effector memory CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell, terminally differentiated CL0001062
    CSI 0.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 47.4%
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 23.1%
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 24.9%
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 0.5
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 33.3%
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 27.1%
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 25.1%
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 48.5%
  • ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree CL0002145
    CSI 0.6
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 36.5%
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 40.1%
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.7
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 23.4%
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.1%
    PRS 24.0%
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 25.9%
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 52.3%
  • alternatively activated macrophage CL0000890
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.2%
    PRS 50.4%
  • podocyte CL0000653
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 4.4%
    PRS 36.0%
  • promonocyte CL0000559
    CSI 1.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 46.5%
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 38.9%
  • deuterosomal cell CL4033044
    CSI 1.1
    rCSI 3.7%
    PRS 48.4%
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 29.4%
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 1.2
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 30.8%
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 22.6%
  • muscle cell CL0000187
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 60.1%
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 24.9%
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 60.8%
  • ionocyte CL0005006
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 1.4%
    PRS 35.1%
  • lung secretory cell CL1000272
    CSI 1.3
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 35.5%
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 22.7%
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 24.0%
  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 35.5%
  • hepatocyte CL0000182
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 35.7%
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 40.1%
  • intermediate monocyte CL0002393
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 38.8%
  • lung ciliated cell CL1000271
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 28.7%
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.2%
    PRS 30.0%
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 40.1%
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 32.1%
  • alveolar adventitial fibroblast CL4028006
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 38.1%
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 41.1%
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 39.9%
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 28.3%
  • vascular leptomeningeal cell CL4023051
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 30.6%
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 6.6%
    PRS 36.3%
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 1.6
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 34.6%
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 29.1%
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 38.5%
  • ciliated epithelial cell CL0000067
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 1.5%
    PRS 28.0%
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 41.6%
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 33.6%
  • erythrocyte CL0000232
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 43.5%
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 53.4%
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 23.2%
  • activated type II NK T cell CL0000931
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 53.0%
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.6%
    PRS 36.9%
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 37.4%
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 35.9%
  • dopaminergic neuron CL0000700
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 10.5%
    PRS 25.6%
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 32.2%
  • Hofbauer cell CL3000001
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.5%
    PRS 46.4%
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 41.3%
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 29.3%
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 47.6%
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 34.9%
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 24.6%
  • myeloid leukocyte CL0000766
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 38.4%
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 1.7%
    PRS 42.4%
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 2.0
    rCSI 2.9%
    PRS 45.2%
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.0%
    PRS 34.4%
  • mucus secreting cell CL0000319
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 46.9%
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 2.0%
    PRS 37.1%
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 38.0%
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 7.9%
    PRS 31.7%
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.1
    rCSI 5.4%
    PRS 34.7%
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 51.1%
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 38.1%
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 35.0%
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 37.9%
  • Kupffer cell CL0000091
    CSI 2.2
    rCSI 5.1%
    PRS 36.7%
  • CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte CL0002396
    CSI 2.3
    rCSI 1.8%
    PRS 35.8%
  • ciliated cell CL0000064
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 36.3%
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 15.0%
    PRS 30.9%
  • interstitial cell of Cajal CL0002088
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 3.1%
    PRS 42.1%
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 2.5
    rCSI 1.9%
    PRS 37.2%
  • early lymphoid progenitor CL0000936
    CSI 2.6
    rCSI 2.3%
    PRS 42.1%
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 38.1%
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.7
    rCSI 4.0%
    PRS 40.6%
  • pulmonary ionocyte CL0017000
    CSI 2.9
    rCSI 3.6%
    PRS 44.4%
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 3.2
    rCSI 13.6%
    PRS 36.4%
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 3.3
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 43.4%
  • effector CD8-positive, alpha-beta T cell CL0001050
    CSI 3.4
    rCSI 2.6%
    PRS 47.4%
  • mesodermal cell CL0000222
    CSI 3.8
    rCSI 4.5%
    PRS 35.7%
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 3.9
    rCSI 8.6%
    PRS 27.6%
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 13.0%
    PRS 44.9%
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 4.3%
    PRS 35.9%
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 16.9%
    PRS 41.0%
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 5.2
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 38.3%

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary Protein Phosphatase 2 Phosphatase Activator ([PTPA](/details-gene/5524)) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 9q34.11. As its name suggests, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) is a crucial regulatory protein that functions primarily as an activator of the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major cellular phosphatase involved in a vast array of signaling pathways. Beyond its role in phosphatase activation, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) also possesses peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. Its expression is widespread, but it shows significant enrichment in highly specialized cell types, including neuronal cells such as the [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) and secretory epithelial cells like the [bronchial goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000312), suggesting a role in fundamental cellular processes across diverse tissues. Mutations in [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) have been linked to early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability ([600756](https://omim.org/entry/600756)), as documented in a study by Varecha et al. ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac326)). ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) indicates a fundamental but context-specific role in cellular function. **Overall**, the gene exhibits its highest significance in a diverse set of cell types, pointing to its involvement in multiple biological systems. Its most prominent expression is observed in the nervous system, specifically in retinal cells like the [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) (CSI: 9.49) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740) (CSI: 3.90), as well as [neural progenitor cell](/details-cell/CL0011020) (CSI: 6.91). This suggests a critical function in neuronal development, signaling, and maintenance. A second major site of high [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) significance is in secretory and epithelial tissues. It is a key marker in [bronchial goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000312) (CSI: 7.79), [choroid plexus epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000706) (CSI: 6.73), and [epithelial cell of lung](/details-cell/CL0000082) (CSI: 5.16). This pattern may reflect its role in regulating protein folding and secretion through its PPIase activity or managing cell turnover via PP2A-mediated signaling. Additionally, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) shows notable significance in structural and immune cells, including [bronchus fibroblast of lung](/details-cell/CL2000093) (CSI: 5.21), [vascular associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000359) (CSI: 5.20), and [group 3 innate lymphoid cell](/details-cell/CL0001071) (CSI: 6.19), highlighting its broad importance in cellular homeostasis. ## Pathways and Molecular Function [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) is a multi-functional protein that acts as a key modulator of protein phosphorylation and conformation. Its primary molecular function is as a [protein phosphatase regulator activity](/details-gene/GO:0019888) ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40733-2)), specifically through [protein phosphatase 2a binding](/details-gene/GO:0051721) and activation. By binding to and activating the catalytic subunit of PP2A, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) plays an essential role in reversing kinase-driven signaling events. In addition, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) possesses intrinsic [peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity](/details-gene/GO:0003755), an enzymatic function that catalyzes the isomerization of peptide bonds preceding proline residues. This activity is critical for the proper folding and function of its target proteins, including the PP2A catalytic subunit itself ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.008)). Consistent with its role in regulating the cell cycle and survival via PP2A, [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) is implicated in biological processes such as [mitotic spindle organization](/details-gene/GO:0007052) and the [positive regulation of apoptotic process](/details-gene/GO:0043065). Overexpression of [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) has been shown to trigger caspase-dependent apoptosis ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-006-0050-8)). The protein is localized to the [cytoplasm](/details-gene/GO:0005737) and [nucleus](/details-gene/GO:0005634), where it can interact with the [protein phosphatase type 2a complex](/details-gene/GO:0000159). ## Research Directions The association of [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) variants with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac326)) underscores its critical role in neuronal health and provides a clear direction for future investigation. Its high significance in specific neuronal and epithelial cell types suggests that its dysfunction could lead to cell-type-specific pathologies. Based on the available data, several testable hypotheses can be proposed: 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Loss-of-function variants in [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) selectively impair PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of key substrates essential for synaptic function and neuronal survival in cell types like the [rod bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000751) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740), contributing to the progressive neurodegeneration observed in associated disorders. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** In secretory cells such as the [bronchial goblet cell](/details-cell/CL1000312), [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) acts as a checkpoint for cellular stress by modulating PP2A activity, thereby controlling the balance between mucus production, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Dysregulation of this process could contribute to pathologies characterized by epithelial dysfunction or hyperplasia. **Proposed Experiment:** To test Hypothesis 1, a powerful approach would be to generate a human iPSC model from patients carrying [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) variants and differentiate them into retinal organoids. These organoids could be compared to isogenic, CRISPR-corrected controls. A combination of single-cell RNA-sequencing and quantitative phosphoproteomics would be used to identify cell-type-specific changes in gene expression and signaling pathways. This approach would directly link PTPA dysfunction to altered PP2A substrate phosphorylation and downstream cellular defects in a disease-relevant context. **Therapeutic Potential:** Given that the pathology associated with [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) mutations appears to stem from a loss of function leading to impaired PP2A activity, the therapeutic strategy would focus on **activation** rather than inhibition. [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) itself is not a conventional drug target; however, developing small molecules that stabilize the PTPA-PP2A interaction or allosterically enhance PP2A activity could represent a viable therapeutic avenue. Furthermore, for monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders, gene therapy approaches aimed at restoring functional [PTPA](/details-gene/5524) expression in affected neuronal populations could be a long-term possibility, although significant challenges related to delivery and specificity would need to be overcome.

Genular Protein ID: 557433060

Symbol: PTPA_HUMAN

Name: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A activator

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8195217

Title: Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of PTPA, a protein that activates the tyrosyl phosphatase activity of protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 8195217

DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)40733-2

PubMed ID: 8530035

Title: Structure and chromosomal localization of the human gene of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) of protein phosphatase 2A.

PubMed ID: 8530035

DOI: 10.1006/geno.1995.1140

PubMed ID: 10880964

Title: Identification and characterization of alternative splice products encoded by the human phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator gene.

PubMed ID: 10880964

DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01486.x

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 17333320

Title: Overexpression of the cis/trans isomerase PTPA triggers caspase 3-dependent apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 17333320

DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0050-8

PubMed ID: 19413330

Title: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach.

PubMed ID: 19413330

DOI: 10.1021/ac9004309

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

PubMed ID: 16782712

Title: The crystal structure of a human PP2A phosphatase activator reveals a novel fold and highly conserved cleft implicated in protein-protein interactions.

PubMed ID: 16782712

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c600100200

PubMed ID: 16885030

Title: Crystal structure of the PP2A phosphatase activator: implications for its PP2A-specific PPIase activity.

PubMed ID: 16885030

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.008

PubMed ID: 16916641

Title: Structure and mechanism of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator.

PubMed ID: 16916641

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.07.027

PubMed ID: 25003389

Title: Structural basis for PTPA interaction with the invariant C-terminal tail of PP2A.

PubMed ID: 25003389

DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0106

PubMed ID: 36073231

Title: PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability.

PubMed ID: 36073231

DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac326

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 358
  • Mass: 40668
  • Checksum: 2A962521AF5B4CF7
  • Sequence:
  • MAEGERQPPP DSSEEAPPAT QNFIIPKKEI HTVPDMGKWK RSQAYADYIG FILTLNEGVK 
    GKKLTFEYRV SEMWNEVHEE KEQAAKQSVS CDECIPLPRA GHCAPSEAIE KLVALLNTLD 
    RWIDETPPVD QPSRFGNKAY RTWYAKLDEE AENLVATVVP THLAAAVPEV AVYLKESVGN 
    STRIDYGTGH EAAFAAFLCC LCKIGVLRVD DQIAIVFKVF NRYLEVMRKL QKTYRMEPAG 
    SQGVWGLDDF QFLPFIWGSS QLIDHPYLEP RHFVDEKAVN ENHKDYMFLE CILFITEMKT 
    GPFAEHSNQL WNISAVPSWS KVNQGLIRMY KAECLEKFPV IQHFKFGSLL PIHPVTSG

Genular Protein ID: 2214688446

Symbol: F6WIT2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 15164053

Title: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9.

PubMed ID: 15164053

DOI: 10.1038/nature02465

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 19608861

Title: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions.

PubMed ID: 19608861

DOI: 10.1126/science.1175371

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 288
  • Mass: 32936
  • Checksum: 3405CE3F7E82238A
  • Sequence:
  • MGKWKRSQAY ADYIGFILTL NEGVKGKKLT FEYRVSEAIE KLVALLNTLD RWIDETPPVD 
    QPSRFGNKAY RTWYAKLDEE AENLVATVVP THLAAAVPEV AVYLKESVGN STRIDYGTGH 
    EAAFAAFLCC LCKIGVLRVD DQIAIVFKVF NRYLEVMRKL QKTYRMEPAG SQGVWGLDDF 
    QFLPFIWGSS QLIDHPYLEP RHFVDEKAVN ENHKDYMFLE CILFITEMKT GPFAEHSNQL 
    WNISAVPSWS KVNQGLIRMY KAECLEKFPV IQHFKFGSLL PIHPVTSG