Details for: PTGFRN

Gene ID: 5738

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: PTGFRN

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000134247

Description: prostaglandin F2 receptor inhibitor

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 4.21
    rCSI 10.65%
    PRS 95.23
  • multi-ciliated epithelial cell CL0005012
    CSI 3.55
    rCSI 3.54%
    PRS 89.02
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 3.54
    rCSI 5.17%
    PRS 96.16
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 4.98%
    PRS 87.25
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 3.41
    rCSI 3.56%
    PRS 92.93
  • skin fibroblast CL0002620
    CSI 3.27
    rCSI 2.82%
    PRS 93.27
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 2.82
    rCSI 2.5%
    PRS 91.82
  • choroid plexus epithelial cell CL0000706
    CSI 2.81
    rCSI 4.6%
    PRS 88.56
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 2.73
    rCSI 2.28%
    PRS 93.46
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 2.14%
    PRS 88.66
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 2.66
    rCSI 3.3%
    PRS 82.06
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 2.67%
    PRS 94.96
  • conjunctival epithelial cell CL1000432
    CSI 2.56
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 92.84
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 2.43%
    PRS 91.03
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 2.32
    rCSI 4.13%
    PRS 96.06
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 2.24
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 95.64
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 2.21
    rCSI 3.23%
    PRS 90.43
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 4.68%
    PRS 84.4
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 2.05
    rCSI 2.64%
    PRS 85.12
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 12.77%
    PRS 88.63
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 4.14%
    PRS 79.21
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 1.63
    rCSI 3.17%
    PRS 94.69
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.62
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 85.2
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 1.54
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 89.81
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 2.57%
    PRS 68.44
  • corneal epithelial cell CL0000575
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 4.04%
    PRS 94.51
  • endocardial cell CL0002350
    CSI 1.41
    rCSI 6.75%
    PRS 91.05
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 1.39
    rCSI 1.69%
    PRS 76.38
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 1.19
    rCSI 3.84%
    PRS 90.7
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 1.15
    rCSI 3.84%
    PRS 82.9
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 82.05
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 0.99
    rCSI 1.35%
    PRS 68.21

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.
Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) (Prostaglandin F2 Receptor Negative Regulator) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p13.1. As its name suggests, it functions as an inhibitor of the prostaglandin F2 receptor and is a well-documented molecular partner of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81 [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m011297200). It is annotated as a cell surface and membrane-associated protein ([GO:0009986](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/term/GO:0009986)). **Overall**, expression data indicate that [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is a significant protein in a variety of structurally and functionally specialized cell types, including [myoepithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000185), [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012), and [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746), suggesting a broad role in tissue organization, secretion, and contractility. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) highlights its importance across diverse, specialized cell lineages. In the **Overall** context, it shows the highest significance in cells involved in contraction and secretion, such as [myoepithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000185) (CSI: 4.21) and [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746) (CSI: 3.47). Its prominence extends to various epithelial subtypes that form barriers or have secretory functions, including [multi-ciliated epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0005012) (CSI: 3.55), [duct epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000068) (CSI: 3.54), [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) (CSI: 3.41), and [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) (CSI: 2.82). Furthermore, [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is significantly expressed in stromal and structural cells like [skin fibroblast](/details-cell/CL0002620) (CSI: 3.27) and progenitor populations such as [stem cell](/details-cell/CL0000034) (CSI: 2.52). This widespread but specific expression pattern in cells that require robust cell-cell communication and adhesion is consistent with its established role as a binding partner for tetraspanins, which organize membrane microdomains critical for these processes [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m011297200). ## Pathways and Molecular Function The functional annotations for [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) align closely with its observed cellular expression pattern. Its localization to the [cell surface](/details-cell/GO:0009986), [endoplasmic reticulum membrane](/details-cell/GO:0005789), and [Golgi apparatus](/details-cell/GO:0005794) is typical for a transmembrane protein that is processed through the secretory pathway before functioning at the plasma membrane. Its primary molecular function is described as [protein binding](/details-cell/GO:0005515), which is experimentally supported by its interaction with CD9 and CD81 [Link](https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m011297200). At the biological process level, [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is implicated in [myoblast fusion involved in skeletal muscle regeneration](/details-cell/GO:0014905), a role that is highly consistent with its significant expression in [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746). It is also associated with [lipid droplet organization](/details-cell/GO:0034389), which may be relevant to the metabolic and secretory functions of cells like [intestine goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0019031) and other [secretory cell](/details-cell/CL0000151) types where it is prominently expressed. ## Research Directions The widespread expression of [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) in fundamental cell types, coupled with its specific molecular interactions, opens several avenues for future research. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **[PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is a critical modulator of cardiomyocyte fusion and maturation.** Given its high significance in [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746) and its annotation in [myoblast fusion](/details-cell/GO:0014905), we hypothesize that [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738), through its interaction with the tetraspanin web, regulates the cell-cell recognition and membrane fusion events required for the formation of functional cardiac syncytium during development and repair. 2. **[PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is essential for the structural integrity and secretory function of glandular epithelia.** Its high CSI scores in [myoepithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000185) and [duct epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0000068) suggest that it may play a key role in organizing cell-adhesion and signaling complexes that coordinate myoepithelial contraction with epithelial secretion in glands such as mammary and salivary glands. ### Experimental Approach To test the hypothesis that [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) is critical for cardiomyocyte fusion, one could utilize a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model. A CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) would be generated in a well-characterized iPSC line. Both knockout and wild-type iPSCs would then be differentiated into cardiomyocytes. The resulting cultures could be assessed for defects in cell fusion, myofibril organization, and contractile function using immunofluorescence microscopy for structural markers and calcium imaging assays to measure functional output. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments could further determine if the loss of [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) disrupts the assembly of key tetraspanin-integrin signaling complexes. ### Therapeutic Potential As a cell surface protein that negatively regulates a key signaling pathway, [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) represents a potentially druggable target. Small molecule or antibody-based inhibitors of [PTGFRN](/details-gene/5738) could be developed to enhance prostaglandin F2 receptor signaling, which may have applications in conditions where this pathway is beneficial, such as labor induction. Conversely, agonists that enhance its inhibitory function could be explored for inflammatory diseases driven by excessive prostaglandin activity. However, its significant expression in vital tissues, particularly [cardiac muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000746), raises a considerable safety concern for systemic therapies, suggesting that targeted delivery systems or topic-specific applications would likely be necessary to minimize off-target effects.

Genular Protein ID: 3318641421

Symbol: FPRP_HUMAN

Name: Prostaglandin F2 receptor negative regulator

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9P2B2 Q5VVU9 Q8N2K6

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 5 EMDB 1 Ensembl 1 GO 6 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyConnect 1 GlyCosmos 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 6 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SMART 2 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 SwissPalm 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10718198

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XVI. The complete sequences of 150 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro.

PubMed ID: 10718198

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/7.1.65

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 11278880

Title: The major CD9 and CD81 molecular partner. Identification and characterization of the complexes.

PubMed ID: 11278880

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m011297200

PubMed ID: 17960739

Title: Glycosylation status of the membrane protein CD9P-1.

PubMed ID: 17960739

DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700355

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

PubMed ID: 21269460

Title: Initial characterization of the human central proteome.

PubMed ID: 21269460

DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-5-17

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 879
  • Mass: 98556
  • Checksum: 9712C398A74DF570
  • Sequence:
    • MGRLASRPLL LALLSLALCR GRVVRVPTAT LVRVVGTELV IPCNVSDYDG PSEQNFDWSF 
SSLGSSFVEL ASTWEVGFPA QLYQERLQRG EILLRRTAND AVELHIKNVQ PSDQGHYKCS 
TPSTDATVQG NYEDTVQVKV LADSLHVGPS ARPPPSLSLR EGEPFELRCT AASASPLHTH 
LALLWEVHRG PARRSVLALT HEGRFHPGLG YEQRYHSGDV RLDTVGSDAY RLSVSRALSA 
DQGSYRCIVS EWIAEQGNWQ EIQEKAVEVA TVVIQPSVLR AAVPKNVSVA EGKELDLTCN 
ITTDRADDVR PEVTWSFSRM PDSTLPGSRV LARLDRDSLV HSSPHVALSH VDARSYHLLV 
RDVSKENSGY YYCHVSLWAP GHNRSWHKVA EAVSSPAGVG VTWLEPDYQV YLNASKVPGF 
ADDPTELACR VVDTKSGEAN VRFTVSWYYR MNRRSDNVVT SELLAVMDGD WTLKYGERSK 
QRAQDGDFIF SKEHTDTFNF RIQRTTEEDR GNYYCVVSAW TKQRNNSWVK SKDVFSKPVN 
IFWALEDSVL VVKARQPKPF FAAGNTFEMT CKVSSKNIKS PRYSVLIMAE KPVGDLSSPN 
ETKYIISLDQ DSVVKLENWT DASRVDGVVL EKVQEDEFRY RMYQTQVSDA GLYRCMVTAW 
SPVRGSLWRE AATSLSNPIE IDFQTSGPIF NASVHSDTPS VIRGDLIKLF CIITVEGAAL 
DPDDMAFDVS WFAVHSFGLD KAPVLLSSLD RKGIVTTSRR DWKSDLSLER VSVLEFLLQV 
HGSEDQDFGN YYCSVTPWVK SPTGSWQKEA EIHSKPVFIT VKMDVLNAFK YPLLIGVGLS 
TVIGLLSCLI GYCSSHWCCK KEVQETRRER RRLMSMEMD