Details for: CCL21

Gene ID: 6366

Symbol: CCL21

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137077

Description: C-C motif chemokine ligand 21

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: embryonic stem cell (CL0002322)
    Fold Change: 27.1151
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1700
  • Cell Name: decidual cell (CL2000002)
    Fold Change: 5.4848
    Cell Significance Index: 88.0000
  • Cell Name: stem cell of epidermis (CL1000428)
    Fold Change: 4.7646
    Cell Significance Index: 14.1700
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of respiratory system lymphatic vessel (CL0009086)
    Fold Change: 2.9080
    Cell Significance Index: 18.2400
  • Cell Name: inflammatory cell (CL0009002)
    Fold Change: 1.7981
    Cell Significance Index: 10.3100
  • Cell Name: dermis microvascular lymphatic vessel endothelial cell (CL2000041)
    Fold Change: 1.1019
    Cell Significance Index: 5.3200
  • Cell Name: colon goblet cell (CL0009039)
    Fold Change: 1.0270
    Cell Significance Index: 101.5900
  • Cell Name: vascular lymphangioblast (CL0005022)
    Fold Change: 0.8279
    Cell Significance Index: 14.6300
  • Cell Name: endocardial cell (CL0002350)
    Fold Change: 0.6309
    Cell Significance Index: 3.7300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.1623
    Cell Significance Index: 32.2200
  • Cell Name: microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell (CL0008035)
    Fold Change: 0.1577
    Cell Significance Index: 1.3300
  • Cell Name: surface ectodermal cell (CL0000114)
    Fold Change: 0.0836
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6600
  • Cell Name: urothelial cell (CL0000731)
    Fold Change: 0.0459
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3200
  • Cell Name: fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell (CL4030006)
    Fold Change: 0.0394
    Cell Significance Index: 0.6100
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: 0.0074
    Cell Significance Index: 5.5700
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0104
    Cell Significance Index: -7.6000
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal lymphangioblast (CL0005021)
    Fold Change: -0.0122
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0131
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7300
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0163
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1900
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0181
    Cell Significance Index: -9.9100
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0227
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0252
    Cell Significance Index: -11.4200
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -4.7600
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel (CL0002138)
    Fold Change: -0.0395
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0440
    Cell Significance Index: -5.6900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic D cell (CL0000173)
    Fold Change: -0.0462
    Cell Significance Index: -9.7400
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0472
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2400
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: -0.0530
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0534
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5600
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0549
    Cell Significance Index: -2.7800
  • Cell Name: muscle cell (CL0000187)
    Fold Change: -0.0585
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0586
    Cell Significance Index: -10.0100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0636
    Cell Significance Index: -8.7300
  • Cell Name: interstitial cell of ovary (CL0002094)
    Fold Change: -0.0718
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9200
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0732
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4800
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0800
    Cell Significance Index: -3.2800
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0833
    Cell Significance Index: -6.3900
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0932
    Cell Significance Index: -10.6800
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.1032
    Cell Significance Index: -4.8500
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: -0.1074
    Cell Significance Index: -3.0800
  • Cell Name: intestinal tuft cell (CL0019032)
    Fold Change: -0.1219
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4800
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.1431
    Cell Significance Index: -6.2200
  • Cell Name: eye photoreceptor cell (CL0000287)
    Fold Change: -0.1457
    Cell Significance Index: -9.1800
  • Cell Name: mesenchymal cell (CL0008019)
    Fold Change: -0.1488
    Cell Significance Index: -2.4900
  • Cell Name: stratified epithelial cell (CL0000079)
    Fold Change: -0.1572
    Cell Significance Index: -5.7700
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.1804
    Cell Significance Index: -5.9100
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.1886
    Cell Significance Index: -5.2700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.1898
    Cell Significance Index: -9.8600
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.2067
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5300
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of dermis (CL0002551)
    Fold Change: -0.2145
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4900
  • Cell Name: mesonephric nephron tubule epithelial cell (CL1000022)
    Fold Change: -0.2248
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8100
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.2361
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0700
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.2389
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1400
  • Cell Name: microglial cell (CL0000129)
    Fold Change: -0.2509
    Cell Significance Index: -2.9500
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: -0.2529
    Cell Significance Index: -7.4500
  • Cell Name: peg cell (CL4033014)
    Fold Change: -0.2597
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0000
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: -0.2695
    Cell Significance Index: -7.2200
  • Cell Name: thyroid follicular cell (CL0002258)
    Fold Change: -0.2720
    Cell Significance Index: -2.8900
  • Cell Name: keratinocyte (CL0000312)
    Fold Change: -0.2943
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3500
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: -0.2989
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9800
  • Cell Name: pro-T cell (CL0000827)
    Fold Change: -0.3088
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8900
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of endometrium (CL0002255)
    Fold Change: -0.3143
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4700
  • Cell Name: hematopoietic stem cell (CL0000037)
    Fold Change: -0.3229
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5200
  • Cell Name: erythrocyte (CL0000232)
    Fold Change: -0.3348
    Cell Significance Index: -8.5300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.3514
    Cell Significance Index: -7.7000
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell (CL0000115)
    Fold Change: -0.3580
    Cell Significance Index: -4.4000
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: -0.3589
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9500
  • Cell Name: hepatic stellate cell (CL0000632)
    Fold Change: -0.3703
    Cell Significance Index: -3.8200
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle myoblast (CL0000515)
    Fold Change: -0.3721
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0500
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of venule (CL1000414)
    Fold Change: -0.3741
    Cell Significance Index: -4.2500
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.3780
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4300
  • Cell Name: proerythroblast (CL0000547)
    Fold Change: -0.3894
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5800
  • Cell Name: myoblast (CL0000056)
    Fold Change: -0.4081
    Cell Significance Index: -4.0100
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of vascular tree (CL0002139)
    Fold Change: -0.4223
    Cell Significance Index: -5.8000
  • Cell Name: centrilobular region hepatocyte (CL0019029)
    Fold Change: -0.4340
    Cell Significance Index: -7.3100
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.4481
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5100
  • Cell Name: osteoblast (CL0000062)
    Fold Change: -0.4494
    Cell Significance Index: -4.3600
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.4529
    Cell Significance Index: -6.6900
  • Cell Name: preadipocyte (CL0002334)
    Fold Change: -0.4560
    Cell Significance Index: -8.9000
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: -0.4642
    Cell Significance Index: -6.7400
  • Cell Name: luminal epithelial cell of mammary gland (CL0002326)
    Fold Change: -0.4686
    Cell Significance Index: -6.0400
  • Cell Name: hepatocyte (CL0000182)
    Fold Change: -0.4687
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5000
  • Cell Name: fraction A pre-pro B cell (CL0002045)
    Fold Change: -0.4730
    Cell Significance Index: -5.5900
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.4786
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0500
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: -0.4793
    Cell Significance Index: -6.5400
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: -0.4810
    Cell Significance Index: -9.5100
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: -0.4973
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9800
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: -0.4983
    Cell Significance Index: -8.0700
  • Cell Name: lymphocyte (CL0000542)
    Fold Change: -0.5138
    Cell Significance Index: -6.9900
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.5161
    Cell Significance Index: -11.1500
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: -0.5205
    Cell Significance Index: -10.2500
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.5298
    Cell Significance Index: -6.8600
  • Cell Name: gut endothelial cell (CL0000131)
    Fold Change: -0.5315
    Cell Significance Index: -3.6500
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: -0.5353
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8000
  • Cell Name: erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000038)
    Fold Change: -0.5444
    Cell Significance Index: -7.1200
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: -0.5489
    Cell Significance Index: -9.4900
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: -0.5500
    Cell Significance Index: -7.9100
  • Cell Name: VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: -0.5509
    Cell Significance Index: -11.0600
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: -0.5515
    Cell Significance Index: -7.8500
  • Cell Name: thymocyte (CL0000893)
    Fold Change: -0.5544
    Cell Significance Index: -7.0100

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** 1. **Chemokine Receptor Ligand:** CCL21 is a potent ligand for the CCR7 receptor, which is expressed on the surface of various immune cells, including dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells. 2. **Immune Cell Trafficking:** CCL21 facilitates the migration of immune cells to specific sites within the body, such as lymphoid organs and tissues, by binding to CCR7 on the surface of these cells. 3. **Dendritic Cell Function:** CCL21 is essential for the maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which are critical antigen-presenting cells that initiate immune responses. 4. **T Cell Regulation:** CCL21 influences T cell polarization, chemotaxis, and activation, thereby modulating the adaptive immune response. **Pathways and Functions:** 1. **CCR7 Signaling:** The interaction between CCL21 and CCR7 triggers a signaling cascade that activates various downstream pathways, including the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathway and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. 2. **Cell Chemotaxis:** CCL21 induces the migration of immune cells towards chemotactic gradients, facilitating their recruitment to sites of inflammation or immune activation. 3. **Cell Maturation:** CCL21 promotes the maturation and activation of dendritic cells, which are essential for the initiation of immune responses. 4. **Antigen Presentation:** CCL21 enhances the ability of dendritic cells to present antigens to T cells, thereby stimulating the adaptive immune response. **Clinical Significance:** 1. **Autoimmune Diseases:** Dysregulation of CCL21 and CCR7 signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. 2. **Cancer Immunotherapy:** Targeting CCL21 and CCR7 has shown promise as a therapeutic strategy in cancer immunotherapy, as it can enhance the recruitment of immune cells to tumor sites. 3. **Infectious Diseases:** CCL21 plays a critical role in the immune response to infections, and dysregulation of CCL21 signaling has been associated with the pathogenesis of diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV. In conclusion, CCL21 is a multifaceted chemokine that plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune responses. Understanding the complexities of CCL21 signaling has far-reaching implications for the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases.

Genular Protein ID: 24752224

Symbol: CCL21_HUMAN

Name: C-C motif chemokine 21

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O00585 Q6ICR7

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BMRB 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DIP 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 EMBL 11 Ensembl 1 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 47 Gene3D 1 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 4 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 2 PDBsum 2 PRO 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9235955

Title: Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine that is a potent chemoattractant for lymphocytes and mapped to chromosome 9p13.

PubMed ID: 9235955

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.31.19518

PubMed ID: 9257816

Title: Identification and characterization of a novel beta chemokine containing six conserved cysteines.

PubMed ID: 9257816

PubMed ID: 9300671

Title: Isolation and characterization of Exodus-2, a novel C-C chemokine with a unique 37-amino acid carboxyl-terminal extension.

PubMed ID: 9300671

PubMed ID: 9419363

Title: A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes.

PubMed ID: 9419363

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.1.258

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 9507024

Title: Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine is a functional ligand for the CC chemokine receptor CCR7.

PubMed ID: 9507024

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.12.7118

PubMed ID: 14978162

Title: Lymphatic neoangiogenesis in human kidney transplants is associated with immunologically active lymphocytic infiltrates.

PubMed ID: 14978162

DOI: 10.1097/01.asn.0000113316.52371.2e

PubMed ID: 23341447

Title: Beta-arrestin recruitment and G protein signaling by the atypical human chemokine decoy receptor CCX-CKR.

PubMed ID: 23341447

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.406108

PubMed ID: 27044744

Title: The Anti-inflammatory Protein TSG-6 Regulates Chemokine Function by Inhibiting Chemokine/Glycosaminoglycan Interactions.

PubMed ID: 27044744

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.720953

PubMed ID: 22221265

Title: Solution structure of CCL21 and identification of a putative CCR7 binding site.

PubMed ID: 22221265

DOI: 10.1021/bi201601k

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 134
  • Mass: 14646
  • Checksum: FB48C2F71CB4A9D2
  • Sequence:
    • MAQSLALSLL ILVLAFGIPR TQGSDGGAQD CCLKYSQRKI PAKVVRSYRK QEPSLGCSIP 
AILFLPRKRS QAELCADPKE LWVQQLMQHL DKTPSPQKPA QGCRKDRGAS KTGKKGKGSK 
GCKRTERSQT PKGP

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.