Details for: TINAGL1

Gene ID: 64129

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: TINAGL1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000142910

Description: tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen like 1

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • placental villous trophoblast CL2000060
    CSI 41.86
    rCSI 64.67%
    PRS 67.16
  • perivascular cell CL4033054
    CSI 22.07
    rCSI 30.17%
    PRS 74.31
  • microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell CL0008035
    CSI 18.68
    rCSI 54.08%
    PRS 69.24
  • goblet cell CL0000160
    CSI 18.65
    rCSI 17.62%
    PRS 67.77
  • respiratory basal cell CL0002633
    CSI 16.49
    rCSI 17.08%
    PRS 74.37
  • syncytiotrophoblast cell CL0000525
    CSI 16.45
    rCSI 47.4%
    PRS 79.62
  • epithelial cell of lung CL0000082
    CSI 15.8
    rCSI 13.1%
    PRS 68.4
  • basal-myoepithelial cell of mammary gland CL0002324
    CSI 14.56
    rCSI 27.52%
    PRS 84.23
  • pancreatic acinar cell CL0002064
    CSI 14.07
    rCSI 18.71%
    PRS 74.87
  • colon epithelial cell CL0011108
    CSI 13.62
    rCSI 14.27%
    PRS 65.4
  • epithelial cell of lower respiratory tract CL0002632
    CSI 12.96
    rCSI 10.05%
    PRS 71.62
  • pulmonary capillary endothelial cell CL4028001
    CSI 10.51
    rCSI 20.03%
    PRS 81.77
  • pancreatic ductal cell CL0002079
    CSI 10.29
    rCSI 20.02%
    PRS 71.78
  • smooth muscle cell CL0000192
    CSI 9.58
    rCSI 22.84%
    PRS 69.57
  • intestine goblet cell CL0019031
    CSI 9.5
    rCSI 8.44%
    PRS 66.38
  • vein endothelial cell of respiratory system CL4033008
    CSI 9.1
    rCSI 62.47%
    PRS 79.54
  • tuft cell of colon CL0009041
    CSI 8.75
    rCSI 20.39%
    PRS 77.86
  • endothelial cell of artery CL1000413
    CSI 7.77
    rCSI 11.39%
    PRS 81.99
  • retinal blood vessel endothelial cell CL0002585
    CSI 7.44
    rCSI 11.88%
    PRS 72.8
  • acinar cell CL0000622
    CSI 6.86
    rCSI 10.06%
    PRS 79.82
  • endothelial cell of pericentral hepatic sinusoid CL0019022
    CSI 6.53
    rCSI 20.13%
    PRS 75.71
  • epithelial cell of proximal tubule CL0002306
    CSI 6.42
    rCSI 15.68%
    PRS 61.69
  • cardiac muscle cell CL0000746
    CSI 6.29
    rCSI 9.03%
    PRS 58.12
  • vascular associated smooth muscle cell CL0000359
    CSI 6.24
    rCSI 20.23%
    PRS 67.94
  • tracheobronchial smooth muscle cell CL0019019
    CSI 5.61
    rCSI 9.9%
    PRS 76.01
  • enterocyte CL0000584
    CSI 5.59
    rCSI 9.01%
    PRS 70.55
  • cardiac endothelial cell CL0010008
    CSI 5.47
    rCSI 22.08%
    PRS 67.77
  • endothelial cell of periportal hepatic sinusoid CL0019021
    CSI 5.39
    rCSI 24.73%
    PRS 76.94
  • capillary endothelial cell CL0002144
    CSI 5.38
    rCSI 9.86%
    PRS 77.47
  • myofibroblast cell CL0000186
    CSI 5.36
    rCSI 7.42%
    PRS 68.33
  • respiratory hillock cell CL4030023
    CSI 5.16
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 80.76
  • enteric smooth muscle cell CL0002504
    CSI 4.84
    rCSI 6.91%
    PRS 70.51
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 4.78
    rCSI 12.61%
    PRS 77.06
  • blood vessel endothelial cell CL0000071
    CSI 4.69
    rCSI 9.74%
    PRS 65.6
  • cerebral cortex endothelial cell CL1001602
    CSI 4.52
    rCSI 7.81%
    PRS 58.95
  • pulmonary artery endothelial cell CL1001568
    CSI 4.48
    rCSI 6.1%
    PRS 79.27
  • mononuclear phagocyte CL0000113
    CSI 4.18
    rCSI 9.2%
    PRS 72.71
  • respiratory suprabasal cell CL4033048
    CSI 4.14
    rCSI 5.31%
    PRS 73.03
  • vein endothelial cell CL0002543
    CSI 4
    rCSI 10.91%
    PRS 82.58
  • smooth muscle cell of the pulmonary artery CL0002591
    CSI 3.87
    rCSI 29.68%
    PRS 73.31
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 3.71
    rCSI 3.57%
    PRS 68.39
  • extravillous trophoblast CL0008036
    CSI 3.67
    rCSI 4.54%
    PRS 65.49
  • kidney loop of Henle thin ascending limb epithelial cell CL1001107
    CSI 3.59
    rCSI 9.29%
    PRS 63.51
  • blood vessel smooth muscle cell CL0019018
    CSI 3.57
    rCSI 29.05%
    PRS 62.07
  • stem cell CL0000034
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 3.37%
    PRS 60.04
  • endothelial cell of uterus CL0009095
    CSI 3.5
    rCSI 25.58%
    PRS 82.36
  • squamous epithelial cell CL0000076
    CSI 3.47
    rCSI 8.23%
    PRS 71.23
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 3.21
    rCSI 4.55%
    PRS 64.83
  • pro-B cell CL0000826
    CSI 2.88
    rCSI 2.39%
    PRS 71.02
  • regular atrial cardiac myocyte CL0002129
    CSI 2.79
    rCSI 8.99%
    PRS 66.23
  • basal cell CL0000646
    CSI 2.71
    rCSI 3.62%
    PRS 68.49
  • hepatic stellate cell CL0000632
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 9.62%
    PRS 60.48
  • intestinal epithelial cell CL0002563
    CSI 2.54
    rCSI 2.65%
    PRS 66.4
  • transit amplifying cell of colon CL0009011
    CSI 2.53
    rCSI 2.97%
    PRS 70.72
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 2.52
    rCSI 6.36%
    PRS 75.79
  • fibroblast of lung CL0002553
    CSI 2.51
    rCSI 2.34%
    PRS 69.28
  • lung microvascular endothelial cell CL2000016
    CSI 2.48
    rCSI 47.96%
    PRS 81.12
  • intrahepatic cholangiocyte CL0002538
    CSI 2.43
    rCSI 5.83%
    PRS 76.72
  • regular ventricular cardiac myocyte CL0002131
    CSI 2.42
    rCSI 15.1%
    PRS 60.12
  • vasa recta descending limb cell CL1001285
    CSI 2.4
    rCSI 19.2%
    PRS 83.11
  • intestinal tuft cell CL0019032
    CSI 2.09
    rCSI 3.2%
    PRS 72.97
  • mucous neck cell CL0000651
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 2.99%
    PRS 78.09
  • mesenchymal cell CL0008019
    CSI 2.04
    rCSI 5.19%
    PRS 62.4
  • renal interstitial pericyte CL1001318
    CSI 2
    rCSI 5.51%
    PRS 63.63
  • type EC enteroendocrine cell CL0000577
    CSI 1.99
    rCSI 7.05%
    PRS 75.54
  • endothelial cell of arteriole CL1000412
    CSI 1.9
    rCSI 10.55%
    PRS 81.77
  • transit amplifying cell CL0009010
    CSI 1.85
    rCSI 2.83%
    PRS 80.57
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 2.61%
    PRS 73.5
  • contractile cell CL0000183
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 5.22%
    PRS 67.35
  • vasa recta ascending limb cell CL1001131
    CSI 1.75
    rCSI 7.93%
    PRS 81.8
  • basal cell of prostate epithelium CL0002341
    CSI 1.7
    rCSI 4.92%
    PRS 78.55
  • pancreatic stellate cell CL0002410
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 9.75%
    PRS 75.96
  • M cell of gut CL0000682
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 76.87
  • prostate gland microvascular endothelial cell CL2000059
    CSI 1.48
    rCSI 35.41%
    PRS 82.99
  • colonocyte CL1000347
    CSI 1.47
    rCSI 2.11%
    PRS 71.04
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of small intestine CL0009017
    CSI 1.45
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 74.86
  • endothelial cell of vascular tree CL0002139
    CSI 1.4
    rCSI 7.65%
    PRS 66.31
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 1.36
    rCSI 1.99%
    PRS 63.69
  • kidney epithelial cell CL0002518
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.4%
    PRS 85.84
  • foveolar cell of stomach CL0002179
    CSI 1.22
    rCSI 2.59%
    PRS 78.17
  • mammary gland epithelial cell CL0002327
    CSI 1.19
    rCSI 4.19%
    PRS 79.59
  • smooth muscle cell of prostate CL1000487
    CSI 1.06
    rCSI 6.21%
    PRS 79.84
  • collagen secreting cell CL0000667
    CSI 1.06
    rCSI 6.06%
    PRS 79.24
  • intestinal crypt stem cell of colon CL0009043
    CSI 0.96
    rCSI 7.22%
    PRS 82.5
  • bronchiolar smooth muscle cell CL4033017
    CSI 0.85
    rCSI 12.72%
    PRS 82.13
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 0.76
    rCSI 2.04%
    PRS 59.56
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 0.69
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 58.15
  • kidney interstitial cell CL1000500
    CSI 0.55
    rCSI 8.94%
    PRS 77.87
  • endothelial cell of venule CL1000414
    CSI 0.48
    rCSI 4.22%
    PRS 82.18
  • kidney granular cell CL0000648
    CSI 0.4
    rCSI 5.78%
    PRS 78.85
  • endothelial cell of placenta CL0009092
    CSI 0.35
    rCSI 1.73%
    PRS 78.92
  • hair follicular keratinocyte CL2000092
    CSI 0.26
    rCSI 4.49%
    PRS 85.64

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) (Tubulointerstitial Nephritis Antigen Like 1) encodes a secreted protein that functions as a structural component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Functionally, it is characterized by its ability to bind laminin and its putative, though debated, cysteine-type peptidase activity [Link](https://doi.org/10.1021/bi002266o). The protein is localized to the [extracellular space](/details-cell/GO:0005615) and is a constituent of the [collagen-containing extracellular matrix](/details-cell/GO:0062023). **Overall**, expression data reveals that [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) is a highly significant marker for placental cell types, particularly [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060), as well as for cells associated with the vasculature, such as [perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054) and [microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0008035). Its prominent expression in various epithelial and glandular tissues suggests a broad role in maintaining tissue architecture and barrier function. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) highlights its importance in tissues requiring robust extracellular matrix structure and dynamic remodeling. The gene shows its most significant expression in several functionally related cell populations. First, it is an exceptionally strong marker for placental tissues, with the highest significance observed in [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) (CSI: 41.86) and high significance in [syncytiotrophoblast cell](/details-cell/CL0000525). This specific expression pattern points towards a critical role in placental development, maternal-fetal interface establishment, or trophoblast invasion. Second, [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) is highly expressed in cells comprising and surrounding the vasculature. This includes [perivascular cell](/details-cell/CL4033054), [microcirculation associated smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0008035), and [smooth muscle cell](/details-cell/CL0000192). This is consistent with early reports identifying its predominant expression in vascular smooth muscle cells and its function as an ECM protein contributing to vessel wall integrity [Link](https://doi.org/10.1021/bi002266o). Third, the gene is a significant marker across a range of epithelial and secretory cell types, including [goblet cell](/details-cell/CL0000160), [respiratory basal cell](/details-cell/CL0002633), [pancreatic acinar cell](/details-cell/CL0002064), and [colon epithelial cell](/details-cell/CL0011108). This suggests a widespread function in the formation and maintenance of basement membranes that support epithelial layers and glandular structures in respiratory, digestive, and endocrine organs. ## Pathways and Molecular Function The molecular functions of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) are intrinsically linked to its role as an extracellular protein. Its annotation as an [extracellular matrix structural constituent](/details-cell/GO:0005201) and its involvement with the [collagen-containing extracellular matrix](/details-cell/GO:0062023) align with its high expression in structurally demanding tissues like the placenta and vasculature. The protein's capacity for [laminin binding](/details-cell/GO:0043236) is a key molecular interaction that likely mediates its function in cell adhesion, migration, and basement membrane organization. [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) is also associated with [cysteine-type peptidase activity](/details-cell/GO:0008234) and the biological process of [proteolysis](/details-cell/GO:0006508). However, it has been suggested that it may be catalytically inactive, functioning instead as a protein-protein interaction module through its cathepsin-like domain [Link](https://doi.org/10.1021/bi002266o). Its presence in [extracellular exosome](/details-cell/GO:0070062) indicates a mechanism for secretion and potential long-range signaling or matrix modulation. Its participation in [endosomal transport](/details-cell/GO:0016197) may be related to its processing and secretion pathway from the cell. ## Research Directions The specific and high-level expression of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) in distinct cell types provides a foundation for several testable hypotheses regarding its physiological and pathological roles. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high expression in [placental villous trophoblast](/details-cell/CL2000060) and its laminin-binding properties, [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) may be essential for trophoblast invasion and the anchoring of the placenta to the uterine decidua during embryonic implantation. Dysregulation of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) could therefore contribute to implantation failure or preeclampsia. 2. In vascular tissues, [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) expression in perivascular and smooth muscle cells suggests it plays a role in regulating vascular tone and remodeling. It could be hypothesized that aberrant [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) expression contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis or aneurysm by altering the mechanical properties of the vessel wall ECM. 3. The gene's consistent expression in diverse secretory epithelial tissues (e.g., gut, pancreas, lung) suggests a conserved role in maintaining basement membrane integrity. It could be hypothesized that [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) acts as a key organizer of the basal lamina, and its loss may compromise epithelial barrier function, contributing to inflammatory conditions or facilitating cancer cell invasion. **Suggested Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding its role in trophoblast invasion (Hypothesis 1), an *in vitro* model using human trophoblast cell lines (e.g., HTR-8/SVneo) could be employed. A CRISPR-Cas9 knockout or siRNA-mediated knockdown of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) could be performed. The functional consequence would be assessed using a Matrigel transwell invasion assay to quantify changes in invasive potential. Furthermore, co-culture experiments with uterine endometrial cells could be used to evaluate the impact on cell-cell adhesion and junction formation, with changes visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy targeting key adhesion and ECM molecules. **Therapeutic Potential:** As a secreted, extracellular protein, [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) is a highly accessible drug target. Its role in modulating the ECM and cell invasion makes it relevant to cancer biology, where it may influence tumor growth and metastasis [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0404089101). In such a context, **inhibition** would be the likely therapeutic strategy. A monoclonal antibody designed to block the interaction of [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) with laminin or other binding partners could potentially disrupt the tumor microenvironment and reduce cancer cell motility. This approach could be particularly relevant for cancers derived from epithelial tissues where [TINAGL1](/details-gene/64129) is highly expressed.

Genular Protein ID: 1979418572

Symbol: TINAL_HUMAN

Name: Tubulointerstitial nephritis antigen-like

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10799322

Title: Cloning, characterization, and expression of the human TIN-ag-RP gene encoding a novel putative extracellular matrix protein.

PubMed ID: 10799322

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2639

PubMed ID: 11170462

Title: TIN-ag-RP, a novel catalytically inactive cathepsin B-related protein with EGF domains, is predominantly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells.

PubMed ID: 11170462

DOI: 10.1021/bi002266o

PubMed ID: 12975309

Title: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment.

PubMed ID: 12975309

DOI: 10.1101/gr.1293003

PubMed ID: 15498874

Title: Large-scale cDNA transfection screening for genes related to cancer development and progression.

PubMed ID: 15498874

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0404089101

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16303743

Title: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries.

PubMed ID: 16303743

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/12.2.117

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 15340161

Title: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites.

PubMed ID: 15340161

DOI: 10.1110/ps.04682504

PubMed ID: 19159218

Title: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry.

PubMed ID: 19159218

DOI: 10.1021/pr8008012

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 467
  • Mass: 52387
  • Checksum: E9D72220E3E7B7D5
  • Sequence:
  • MWRCPLGLLL LLPLAGHLAL GAQQGRGRRE LAPGLHLRGI RDAGGRYCQE QDLCCRGRAD 
    DCALPYLGAI CYCDLFCNRT VSDCCPDFWD FCLGVPPPFP PIQGCMHGGR IYPVLGTYWD 
    NCNRCTCQEN RQWQCDQEPC LVDPDMIKAI NQGNYGWQAG NHSAFWGMTL DEGIRYRLGT 
    IRPSSSVMNM HEIYTVLNPG EVLPTAFEAS EKWPNLIHEP LDQGNCAGSW AFSTAAVASD 
    RVSIHSLGHM TPVLSPQNLL SCDTHQQQGC RGGRLDGAWW FLRRRGVVSD HCYPFSGRER 
    DEAGPAPPCM MHSRAMGRGK RQATAHCPNS YVNNNDIYQV TPVYRLGSND KEIMKELMEN 
    GPVQALMEVH EDFFLYKGGI YSHTPVSLGR PERYRRHGTH SVKITGWGEE TLPDGRTLKY 
    WTAANSWGPA WGERGHFRIV RGVNECDIES FVLGVWGRVG MEDMGHH

Genular Protein ID: 3125340160

Symbol: F6SDV2_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 11237011

Title: Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11237011

DOI: 10.1038/35057062

PubMed ID: 11181995

Title: The sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 11181995

DOI: 10.1126/science.1058040

PubMed ID: 15496913

Title: Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome.

PubMed ID: 15496913

DOI: 10.1038/nature03001

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 362
  • Mass: 40867
  • Checksum: 735C0009ADD2F6A0
  • Sequence:
  • MHGGRIYPVL GTYWDNCNRC TCQENRQWQC DQEPCLVDPD MIKAINQGNY GWQAGNHSAF 
    WGMTLDEGIR YRLGTIRPSS SVMNMHEIYT VLNPGEVLPT AFEASEKWPN LIHEPLDQGN 
    CAGSWAFSTA AVASDRVSIH SLGHMTPVLS PQNLLSCDTH QQQGCRGGRL DGAWWFLRRR 
    GVVSDHCYPF SGRERDEAGP APPCMMHSRA MGRGKRQATA HCPNSYVNNN DIYQVTPVYR 
    LGSNDKEIMK ELMENGPVQA LMEVHEDFFL YKGGIYSHTP VSLGRPERYR RHGTHSVKIT 
    GWGEETLPDG RTLKYWTAAN SWGPAWGERG HFRIVRGVNE CDIESFVLGV WGRVGMEDMG 
    HH