Details for: CASP9

Gene ID: 842

Symbol: CASP9

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000132906

Description: caspase 9

Associated with

Cells (max top 100)

(Marker Score score is uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 1.73
    Marker Score: 30741
  • Cell Name: cardiac endothelial cell (CL0010008)
    Fold Change: 1.51
    Marker Score: 2863
  • Cell Name: mural cell (CL0008034)
    Fold Change: 1.47
    Marker Score: 168963
  • Cell Name: kidney capillary endothelial cell (CL1000892)
    Fold Change: 1.3
    Marker Score: 407
  • Cell Name: kidney proximal straight tubule epithelial cell (CL1000839)
    Fold Change: 1.28
    Marker Score: 3023
  • Cell Name: mononuclear cell (CL0000842)
    Fold Change: 1.24
    Marker Score: 401
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: 1.21
    Marker Score: 19009
  • Cell Name: lymphoid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000838)
    Fold Change: 1.05
    Marker Score: 629
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron (CL0010011)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 71773
  • Cell Name: forebrain radial glial cell (CL0013000)
    Fold Change: 1
    Marker Score: 47996
  • Cell Name: immature innate lymphoid cell (CL0001082)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 1995
  • Cell Name: absorptive cell (CL0000212)
    Fold Change: 0.98
    Marker Score: 30402
  • Cell Name: intestinal crypt stem cell of colon (CL0009043)
    Fold Change: 0.95
    Marker Score: 2407
  • Cell Name: tuft cell of colon (CL0009041)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 487
  • Cell Name: BEST4+ intestinal epithelial cell, human (CL4030026)
    Fold Change: 0.94
    Marker Score: 442
  • Cell Name: choroid plexus epithelial cell (CL0000706)
    Fold Change: 0.93
    Marker Score: 858.5
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: 0.92
    Marker Score: 1420
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: 0.91
    Marker Score: 2722
  • Cell Name: transit amplifying cell (CL0009010)
    Fold Change: 0.88
    Marker Score: 5029
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.87
    Marker Score: 5262
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of small intestine (CL0002254)
    Fold Change: 0.86
    Marker Score: 309
  • Cell Name: corneal epithelial cell (CL0000575)
    Fold Change: 0.8
    Marker Score: 889
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 3273
  • Cell Name: intestinal epithelial cell (CL0002563)
    Fold Change: 0.78
    Marker Score: 1267
  • Cell Name: smooth muscle myoblast (CL0000514)
    Fold Change: 0.77
    Marker Score: 368
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 7226
  • Cell Name: germ cell (CL0000586)
    Fold Change: 0.76
    Marker Score: 1328
  • Cell Name: early T lineage precursor (CL0002425)
    Fold Change: 0.75
    Marker Score: 574.5
  • Cell Name: Cajal-Retzius cell (CL0000695)
    Fold Change: 0.73
    Marker Score: 378
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: 0.72
    Marker Score: 290
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of cardiac tissue (CL0002548)
    Fold Change: 0.71
    Marker Score: 4270
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: 0.7
    Marker Score: 2918.5
  • Cell Name: brush cell (CL0002204)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 625
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 5850
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.68
    Marker Score: 41731
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: 0.66
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: 0.65
    Marker Score: 6095
  • Cell Name: squamous epithelial cell (CL0000076)
    Fold Change: 0.64
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: renal principal cell (CL0005009)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 489
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 23272
  • Cell Name: vip GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023016)
    Fold Change: 0.63
    Marker Score: 23815
  • Cell Name: astrocyte of the cerebral cortex (CL0002605)
    Fold Change: 0.62
    Marker Score: 13289
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.61
    Marker Score: 6253
  • Cell Name: connective tissue cell (CL0002320)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 156
  • Cell Name: pulmonary interstitial fibroblast (CL0002241)
    Fold Change: 0.6
    Marker Score: 481
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: 0.59
    Marker Score: 8862
  • Cell Name: cortical thymic epithelial cell (CL0002364)
    Fold Change: 0.58
    Marker Score: 2161
  • Cell Name: neuronal receptor cell (CL0000006)
    Fold Change: 0.56
    Marker Score: 247
  • Cell Name: sst GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023017)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 10861
  • Cell Name: intestinal enteroendocrine cell (CL1001516)
    Fold Change: 0.55
    Marker Score: 435
  • Cell Name: astrocyte (CL0000127)
    Fold Change: 0.54
    Marker Score: 464
  • Cell Name: sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023015)
    Fold Change: 0.53
    Marker Score: 4050
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 1963
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: 0.5
    Marker Score: 145
  • Cell Name: chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023036)
    Fold Change: 0.49
    Marker Score: 2049
  • Cell Name: granulocyte monocyte progenitor cell (CL0000557)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 302
  • Cell Name: caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.48
    Marker Score: 1838
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001111)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 485
  • Cell Name: non-classical monocyte (CL0000875)
    Fold Change: 0.45
    Marker Score: 1083
  • Cell Name: ovarian surface epithelial cell (CL2000064)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 1196
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 647
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: 0.44
    Marker Score: 587
  • Cell Name: myeloid leukocyte (CL0000766)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 522
  • Cell Name: gut absorptive cell (CL0000677)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 276
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: 0.43
    Marker Score: 282
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 4266.5
  • Cell Name: paneth cell of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000343)
    Fold Change: 0.42
    Marker Score: 103
  • Cell Name: Bergmann glial cell (CL0000644)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 169
  • Cell Name: dendritic cell, human (CL0001056)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 420
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.41
    Marker Score: 433
  • Cell Name: Unknown (CL0002371)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 427
  • Cell Name: kidney cell (CL1000497)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 268
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 228
  • Cell Name: Sertoli cell (CL0000216)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 2378
  • Cell Name: ciliated cell (CL0000064)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 1366
  • Cell Name: oogonial cell (CL0000024)
    Fold Change: 0.4
    Marker Score: 569
  • Cell Name: leptomeningeal cell (CL0000708)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 194
  • Cell Name: kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell (CL1000768)
    Fold Change: 0.39
    Marker Score: 550
  • Cell Name: ciliated columnar cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002145)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 3315
  • Cell Name: kidney collecting duct principal cell (CL1001431)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 962
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of nephron (CL1000449)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 796
  • Cell Name: neuron (CL0000540)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 1548.5
  • Cell Name: myeloid cell (CL0000763)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 609.5
  • Cell Name: conventional dendritic cell (CL0000990)
    Fold Change: 0.38
    Marker Score: 262
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 451
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 369
  • Cell Name: CD4-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive (CL0001204)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 2362
  • Cell Name: sympathetic neuron (CL0011103)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 122
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: 0.37
    Marker Score: 422
  • Cell Name: plasmablast (CL0000980)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 482
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002397)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 703
  • Cell Name: Leydig cell (CL0000178)
    Fold Change: 0.36
    Marker Score: 384
  • Cell Name: neural cell (CL0002319)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 171
  • Cell Name: podocyte (CL0000653)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 129
  • Cell Name: lung endothelial cell (CL1001567)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 3049
  • Cell Name: renal alpha-intercalated cell (CL0005011)
    Fold Change: 0.35
    Marker Score: 182
  • Cell Name: conjunctival epithelial cell (CL1000432)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 361
  • Cell Name: acinar cell (CL0000622)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 241
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of hepatic sinusoid (CL1000398)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 74
  • Cell Name: parietal epithelial cell (CL1000452)
    Fold Change: 0.34
    Marker Score: 122

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Other Information

**Key characteristics:** - CASP9 is a protein encoded by the CASP9 gene. - It is a large protein with a molecular weight of approximately 125 kDa. - CASP9 is a cysteine protease that is expressed in a variety of cell types. **Pathways and functions:** - CASP9 is a key regulator of apoptosis. - It is activated by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic signals. - When activated, CASP9 cleaves various substrates within the cytosol, leading to the activation of downstream apoptotic pathways. - CASP9 is also involved in inflammation and cancer. **Clinical significance:** - Mutations in the CASP9 gene have been linked to various human diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. - Targeting CASP9 has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer and other diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled cell death. **Additional information:** - CASP9 is a highly conserved protein with homologs in other species. - It is a key regulator of the immune response and is involved in the regulation of inflammation and cell death. - CASP9 is a target for a variety of clinical drugs, including those used in cancer therapy.

Genular Protein ID: 1978674921

Symbol: CASP9_HUMAN

Name: Caspase-9

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

P55211 B4E1A3 O95348 Q53Y70 Q5JRU9 Q5UGI1 Q92852 Q9BQ62 Q9UEQ3 Q9UIJ8

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 BRENDA 1 Bgee 1 BindingDB 1 BioCyc 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 2 CORUM 1 CTD 1 ChEMBL 1 ComplexPortal 2 DIP 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 DisProt 1 DrugBank 1 EC 1 ELM 1 EMBL 16 EMDB 2 EPD 1 Ensembl 3 EvolutionaryTrace 1 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 39 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 Genevisible 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 11 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MEROPS 1 MIM 1 MINT 1 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PDB 16 PDBsum 10 PIR 1 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 5 PROSITE-ProRule 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 4 Pumba 1 RNAct 1 Reactome 9 RefSeq 4 SABIO-RK 1 SAM 1 SIGNOR 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 2 SignaLink 1 TCDB 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 jPOST 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8663294

Title: ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B.

PubMed ID: 8663294

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.28.16720

PubMed ID: 8900201

Title: The Ced-3/interleukin 1beta converting enzyme-like homolog Mch6 and the lamin-cleaving enzyme Mch2alpha are substrates for the apoptotic mediator CPP32.

PubMed ID: 8900201

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.43.27099

PubMed ID: 10384055

Title: Genomic organization of the human caspase-9 gene on chromosome 1p36.1-p36.3.

PubMed ID: 10384055

DOI: 10.1007/s003359901086

PubMed ID: 10070954

Title: Identification of an endogenous dominant-negative short isoform of caspase-9 that can regulate apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 10070954

PubMed ID: 9890966

Title: A caspase-9 variant missing the catalytic site is an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis.

PubMed ID: 9890966

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.4.2072

PubMed ID: 16780893

Title: Cloning of a novel human caspase-9 splice variant containing only the CARD domain.

PubMed ID: 16780893

DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2006.04.026

PubMed ID: 14702039

Title: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs.

PubMed ID: 14702039

DOI: 10.1038/ng1285

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 12792650

Title: Inhibition of caspase-9 through phosphorylation at Thr 125 by ERK MAPK.

PubMed ID: 12792650

DOI: 10.1038/ncb1005

PubMed ID: 15200957

Title: Dual role of BRUCE as an antiapoptotic IAP and a chimeric E2/E3 ubiquitin ligase.

PubMed ID: 15200957

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2004.05.018

PubMed ID: 15657060

Title: c-Abl tyrosine kinase regulates caspase-9 autocleavage in the apoptotic response to DNA damage.

PubMed ID: 15657060

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m413787200

PubMed ID: 16857965

Title: Overexpression of HAX-1 protects cardiac myocytes from apoptosis through caspase-9 inhibition.

PubMed ID: 16857965

DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000237387.05259.a5

PubMed ID: 16352606

Title: Caspase-7 is directly activated by the approximately 700-kDa apoptosome complex and is released as a stable XIAP-caspase-7 approximately 200-kDa complex.

PubMed ID: 16352606

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m507393200

PubMed ID: 16916640

Title: Engineered hybrid dimers: tracking the activation pathway of caspase-7.

PubMed ID: 16916640

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.06.020

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 19255499

Title: HIP1R interacts with a member of Bcl-2 family, BCL2L10, and induces BAK-dependent cell death.

PubMed ID: 19255499

DOI: 10.1159/000204088

PubMed ID: 19118655

Title: Comparative proteomics analysis of caspase-9-protein complexes in untreated and cytochrome c/dATP stimulated lysates of NSCLC cells.

PubMed ID: 19118655

DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2008.11.016

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

DOI: 10.1021/pr300630k

PubMed ID: 27889207

Title: Dual site phosphorylation of caspase-7 by PAK2 blocks apoptotic activity by two distinct mechanisms.

PubMed ID: 27889207

DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2016.11.001

PubMed ID: 35446120

Title: Calmodulin binding activates chromobacterium CopC effector to ADP-riboxanate host apoptotic caspases.

PubMed ID: 35446120

DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00690-22

PubMed ID: 35338844

Title: Pathogen hijacks programmed cell death signaling by arginine ADPR-deacylization of caspases.

PubMed ID: 35338844

DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.03.010

PubMed ID: 11734640

Title: Dimer formation drives the activation of the cell death protease caspase 9.

PubMed ID: 11734640

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.231465798

PubMed ID: 12620238

Title: Mechanism of XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspase-9.

PubMed ID: 12620238

DOI: 10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00054-6

PubMed ID: 23516580

Title: The E. coli effector protein NleF is a caspase inhibitor.

PubMed ID: 23516580

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058937

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 416
  • Mass: 46281
  • Checksum: 78E0180DF2A3BDD2
  • Sequence:
    • MDEADRRLLR RCRLRLVEEL QVDQLWDALL SRELFRPHMI EDIQRAGSGS RRDQARQLII 
DLETRGSQAL PLFISCLEDT GQDMLASFLR TNRQAAKLSK PTLENLTPVV LRPEIRKPEV 
LRPETPRPVD IGSGGFGDVG ALESLRGNAD LAYILSMEPC GHCLIINNVN FCRESGLRTR 
TGSNIDCEKL RRRFSSLHFM VEVKGDLTAK KMVLALLELA QQDHGALDCC VVVILSHGCQ 
ASHLQFPGAV YGTDGCPVSV EKIVNIFNGT SCPSLGGKPK LFFIQACGGE QKDHGFEVAS 
TSPEDESPGS NPEPDATPFQ EGLRTFDQLD AISSLPTPSD IFVSYSTFPG FVSWRDPKSG 
SWYVETLDDI FEQWAHSEDL QSLLLRVANA VSVKGIYKQM PGCFNFLRKK LFFKTS

Genular Protein ID: 2218277359

Symbol: F8VVS7_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

F8VVS7

Database IDs:

ARBA 5 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 2 CTD 1 DNASU 1 EMBL 1 EPD 2 Ensembl 2 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 5 Gene3D 2 GeneTree 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 InterPro 11 MassIVE 1 MaxQB 2 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PIRSF 1 PRINTS 1 PROSITE 8 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 2 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 1 RuleBase 1 SAM 1 SMART 2 SMR 1 SUPFAM 2 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 20068231

Title: Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals widespread full phosphorylation site occupancy during mitosis.

PubMed ID: 20068231

DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000475

PubMed ID: 23186163

Title: Toward a comprehensive characterization of a human cancer cell phosphoproteome.

PubMed ID: 23186163

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 421
  • Mass: 46453
  • Checksum: 6B5EC6A06494125F
  • Sequence:
    • MDEADRRLLR RCRLRLVEEL QVDQLWDALL SRELFRPHMI EDIQRAGSGS RRDQARQLII 
DLETRGSQAL PLFISCLEDT GQDMLASFLR TNRQAAKLSK PTLENLTPVV LRPEIRKPEV 
LRPETPRPVD IGSGGFGDVG ALESLRGNAD LAYILSMEPC GHCLIINNVN FCRESGLRTR 
TGSNIDCEKL RRRFSSLHFM VEVKGDLTAK KMVLALLELA QQDHGALDCC VVVILSHGCQ 
ASHLQFPGAV YGTDGCPVSV EKIVNIFNGT SCPSLGGKPK LFFIQACGGE QKDHGFEVAS 
TSPEDESPGS NPEPDATPFQ EGLRTFDQLD AISSLPTPSD IFVSYSTFPG FVSWRDPKSG 
SWYVETLDDI FEQWAHSEDL QSLLLRVSAA FLCKGEGRLL RGSVSSWGWG FGVSRAGPNQ 
G

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. For the full schema, download it here.