Details for: GCM1

Gene ID: 8521

Symbol: GCM1

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000137270

Description: glial cells missing transcription factor 1

Associated with

  • Anatomical structure morphogenesis
    (GO:0009653)
  • Astrocyte fate commitment
    (GO:0060018)
  • Branching involved in labyrinthine layer morphogenesis
    (GO:0060670)
  • Cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
    (GO:0060706)
  • Chromatin
    (GO:0000785)
  • Dna-binding transcription activator activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
    (GO:0001228)
  • Dna-binding transcription factor activity
    (GO:0003700)
  • Dna-binding transcription factor activity, rna polymerase ii-specific
    (GO:0000981)
  • Dna binding
    (GO:0003677)
  • Gliogenesis
    (GO:0042063)
  • Histone deacetylase binding
    (GO:0042826)
  • Nucleus
    (GO:0005634)
  • Positive regulation of dna-templated transcription
    (GO:0045893)
  • Positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
    (GO:0060143)
  • Positive regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0045944)
  • Protein binding
    (GO:0005515)
  • Regulation of cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development
    (GO:0060800)
  • Regulation of dna-templated transcription
    (GO:0006355)
  • Regulation of transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0006357)
  • Rna polymerase ii cis-regulatory region sequence-specific dna binding
    (GO:0000978)
  • Sequence-specific double-stranded dna binding
    (GO:1990837)
  • Syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusion
    (GO:0000768)
  • Transcription by rna polymerase ii
    (GO:0006366)
  • Transcription regulator complex
    (GO:0005667)
  • Zinc ion binding
    (GO:0008270)

Cells (max top 100)

(Cell Significance Index and respective Thresholds are uniquely calculated using our advanced thresholding algorithms to reveal cell-specific gene markers)

  • Cell Name: extravillous trophoblast (CL0008036)
    Fold Change: 9.0111
    Cell Significance Index: 55.9900
  • Cell Name: placental villous trophoblast (CL2000060)
    Fold Change: 2.6392
    Cell Significance Index: 70.4700
  • Cell Name: cytotoxic T cell (CL0000910)
    Fold Change: 0.6840
    Cell Significance Index: 9.9700
  • Cell Name: kidney epithelial cell (CL0002518)
    Fold Change: 0.3728
    Cell Significance Index: 10.9800
  • Cell Name: epidermal Langerhans cell (CL0002457)
    Fold Change: 0.1748
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: cortical cell of adrenal gland (CL0002097)
    Fold Change: 0.0967
    Cell Significance Index: 2.5900
  • Cell Name: mesangial cell (CL0000650)
    Fold Change: 0.0901
    Cell Significance Index: 1.1400
  • Cell Name: perivascular cell (CL4033054)
    Fold Change: 0.0866
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4000
  • Cell Name: obsolete epithelial cell of alveolus of lung (CL0010003)
    Fold Change: 0.0770
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9200
  • Cell Name: myeloid lineage restricted progenitor cell (CL0000839)
    Fold Change: 0.0613
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte (CL0000556)
    Fold Change: 0.0457
    Cell Significance Index: 0.7400
  • Cell Name: myometrial cell (CL0002366)
    Fold Change: 0.0417
    Cell Significance Index: 0.4800
  • Cell Name: trophoblast giant cell (CL0002488)
    Fold Change: 0.0361
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2600
  • Cell Name: cerebellar granule cell (CL0001031)
    Fold Change: 0.0315
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5400
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of mammary gland (CL0002555)
    Fold Change: 0.0310
    Cell Significance Index: 0.8900
  • Cell Name: Hofbauer cell (CL3000001)
    Fold Change: 0.0294
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2400
  • Cell Name: syncytiotrophoblast cell (CL0000525)
    Fold Change: 0.0242
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: neoplastic cell (CL0001063)
    Fold Change: 0.0099
    Cell Significance Index: 1.9600
  • Cell Name: dopaminergic neuron (CL0000700)
    Fold Change: 0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: 1.8200
  • Cell Name: cerebral cortex endothelial cell (CL1001602)
    Fold Change: 0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: 0.1200
  • Cell Name: pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002303)
    Fold Change: 0.0036
    Cell Significance Index: 0.5300
  • Cell Name: epithelial cell of proximal tubule (CL0002306)
    Fold Change: 0.0033
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0300
  • Cell Name: L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4023040)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.3400
  • Cell Name: endothelial cell of placenta (CL0009092)
    Fold Change: 0.0017
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: obsolete caudal ganglionic eminence derived GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023070)
    Fold Change: 0.0006
    Cell Significance Index: 0.2300
  • Cell Name: intermediate cell of urothelium (CL4030055)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: 0.0100
  • Cell Name: pigmented epithelial cell (CL0000529)
    Fold Change: 0.0000
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0200
  • Cell Name: lens epithelial cell (CL0002224)
    Fold Change: -0.0004
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: anterior lens cell (CL0002223)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -1.3400
  • Cell Name: secondary lens fiber (CL0002225)
    Fold Change: -0.0007
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cell (CL0002304)
    Fold Change: -0.0011
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle cortical thick ascending limb epithelial cell (CL1001109)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic A cell (CL0000171)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9800
  • Cell Name: pulmonary alveolar epithelial cell (CL0000322)
    Fold Change: -0.0013
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9500
  • Cell Name: cell in vitro (CL0001034)
    Fold Change: -0.0014
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7800
  • Cell Name: type B pancreatic cell (CL0000169)
    Fold Change: -0.0018
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0300
  • Cell Name: ciliary muscle cell (CL1000443)
    Fold Change: -0.0019
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: abnormal cell (CL0001061)
    Fold Change: -0.0024
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2500
  • Cell Name: endocrine cell (CL0000163)
    Fold Change: -0.0041
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: pancreatic acinar cell (CL0002064)
    Fold Change: -0.0043
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7300
  • Cell Name: Purkinje cell (CL0000121)
    Fold Change: -0.0046
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1000
  • Cell Name: basal cell of prostate epithelium (CL0002341)
    Fold Change: -0.0059
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1600
  • Cell Name: taste receptor cell (CL0000209)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0700
  • Cell Name: bladder urothelial cell (CL1001428)
    Fold Change: -0.0060
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3100
  • Cell Name: stromal cell of ovary (CL0002132)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8500
  • Cell Name: progenitor cell of mammary luminal epithelium (CL0009116)
    Fold Change: -0.0062
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4600
  • Cell Name: basal cell of urothelium (CL1000486)
    Fold Change: -0.0063
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: pancreatic ductal cell (CL0002079)
    Fold Change: -0.0089
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: medial ganglionic eminence derived interneuron (CL4023063)
    Fold Change: -0.0091
    Cell Significance Index: -0.1300
  • Cell Name: mature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000791)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -0.0500
  • Cell Name: lactocyte (CL0002325)
    Fold Change: -0.0092
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1900
  • Cell Name: hippocampal granule cell (CL0001033)
    Fold Change: -0.0110
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7400
  • Cell Name: kidney loop of Henle descending limb epithelial cell (CL1001021)
    Fold Change: -0.0111
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8800
  • Cell Name: hepatoblast (CL0005026)
    Fold Change: -0.0119
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2000
  • Cell Name: basal epithelial cell of tracheobronchial tree (CL0002329)
    Fold Change: -0.0128
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: cardiac muscle myoblast (CL0000513)
    Fold Change: -0.0143
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1000
  • Cell Name: skeletal muscle fiber (CL0008002)
    Fold Change: -0.0148
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3800
  • Cell Name: CD14-low, CD16-positive monocyte (CL0002396)
    Fold Change: -0.0165
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: early pro-B cell (CL0002046)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0700
  • Cell Name: L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023041)
    Fold Change: -0.0166
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5800
  • Cell Name: retinal progenitor cell (CL0002672)
    Fold Change: -0.0192
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0800
  • Cell Name: lens fiber cell (CL0011004)
    Fold Change: -0.0196
    Cell Significance Index: -0.6200
  • Cell Name: forebrain neuroblast (CL1000042)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -1.2300
  • Cell Name: fibro/adipogenic progenitor cell (CL0009099)
    Fold Change: -0.0199
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0100
  • Cell Name: neuron associated cell (CL0000095)
    Fold Change: -0.0201
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8200
  • Cell Name: luminal adaptive secretory precursor cell of mammary gland (CL4033057)
    Fold Change: -0.0211
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9900
  • Cell Name: retinal pigment epithelial cell (CL0002586)
    Fold Change: -0.0214
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: basal cell of epidermis (CL0002187)
    Fold Change: -0.0215
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: indirect pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023029)
    Fold Change: -0.0229
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0200
  • Cell Name: L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023038)
    Fold Change: -0.0235
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023013)
    Fold Change: -0.0239
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cell (CL0000050)
    Fold Change: -0.0241
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3300
  • Cell Name: acinar cell of salivary gland (CL0002623)
    Fold Change: -0.0245
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1400
  • Cell Name: photoreceptor cell (CL0000210)
    Fold Change: -0.0256
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: duct epithelial cell (CL0000068)
    Fold Change: -0.0260
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3600
  • Cell Name: direct pathway medium spiny neuron (CL4023026)
    Fold Change: -0.0264
    Cell Significance Index: -1.0000
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of nonglandular part of prostate (CL1000304)
    Fold Change: -0.0266
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2900
  • Cell Name: fast muscle cell (CL0000190)
    Fold Change: -0.0267
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: hippocampal pyramidal neuron (CL1001571)
    Fold Change: -0.0270
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7700
  • Cell Name: L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030063)
    Fold Change: -0.0292
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3200
  • Cell Name: CD14-positive, CD16-negative classical monocyte (CL0002057)
    Fold Change: -0.0298
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5500
  • Cell Name: precursor B cell (CL0000817)
    Fold Change: -0.0301
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3900
  • Cell Name: periportal region hepatocyte (CL0019026)
    Fold Change: -0.0305
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4500
  • Cell Name: immature alpha-beta T cell (CL0000790)
    Fold Change: -0.0309
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: cell of skeletal muscle (CL0000188)
    Fold Change: -0.0312
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron (CL4023012)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7900
  • Cell Name: retinal blood vessel endothelial cell (CL0002585)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4100
  • Cell Name: fibroblast of connective tissue of glandular part of prostate (CL1000305)
    Fold Change: -0.0317
    Cell Significance Index: -0.3500
  • Cell Name: mesothelial cell of epicardium (CL0011019)
    Fold Change: -0.0318
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2800
  • Cell Name: neutrophil progenitor cell (CL0000834)
    Fold Change: -0.0325
    Cell Significance Index: -0.8700
  • Cell Name: small intestine goblet cell (CL1000495)
    Fold Change: -0.0327
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1500
  • Cell Name: pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023018)
    Fold Change: -0.0330
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7000
  • Cell Name: erythroblast (CL0000765)
    Fold Change: -0.0335
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4000
  • Cell Name: lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron (CL4023011)
    Fold Change: -0.0352
    Cell Significance Index: -0.7600
  • Cell Name: granulosa cell (CL0000501)
    Fold Change: -0.0354
    Cell Significance Index: -0.9300
  • Cell Name: L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron (CL4030059)
    Fold Change: -0.0360
    Cell Significance Index: -0.4800
  • Cell Name: vascular leptomeningeal cell (CL4023051)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -0.5600
  • Cell Name: luminal hormone-sensing cell of mammary gland (CL4033058)
    Fold Change: -0.0374
    Cell Significance Index: -0.2300
  • Cell Name: enterocyte of epithelium of small intestine (CL1000334)
    Fold Change: -0.0385
    Cell Significance Index: -1.1100
  • Cell Name: eukaryotic cell (CL0000255)
    Fold Change: -0.0389
    Cell Significance Index: -1.6900

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Other Information

**Key Characteristics:** GCM1 is a transcription factor that belongs to the Gli family of proteins, which are key regulators of the Hedgehog signaling pathway. GCM1 is specifically expressed in glial cells, including astrocytes, and is essential for their development and differentiation. Additionally, GCM1 is also expressed in other cell types, such as erythrocytes, cardiac endothelial cells, and intestinal crypt stem cells, suggesting its widespread role in development and immune regulation. **Pathways and Functions:** GCM1 is involved in various cellular processes, including: 1. **Astrocyte fate commitment**: GCM1 regulates the differentiation of glial cells into astrocytes, a crucial process for the development of the central nervous system. 2. **Cell differentiation involved in embryonic placenta development**: GCM1 is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation during embryonic development, including the formation of the placenta. 3. **Chromatin regulation**: GCM1 regulates chromatin structure and function, influencing gene expression and cellular differentiation. 4. **Transcription regulation**: GCM1 acts as a transcriptional regulator, controlling the expression of genes involved in cell differentiation, immune regulation, and development. **Clinical Significance:** GCM1 has been implicated in various diseases and disorders, including: 1. **Autoimmune disorders**: Dysregulation of GCM1 has been linked to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, where astrocyte dysfunction contributes to disease progression. 2. **Neurodegenerative diseases**: GCM1 has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, where astrocyte dysfunction contributes to disease progression. 3. **Cancer**: GCM1 has been shown to be involved in cancer development and progression, particularly in glioblastoma, where astrocyte dysfunction contributes to tumor growth and invasion. **Conclusion:** GCM1 is a transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the development and function of glial cells, immune cells, and epithelial cells. Its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases and disorders, highlighting the importance of GCM1 in immune regulation and disease. Further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which GCM1 regulates cellular processes and to develop therapeutic strategies targeting GCM1 in disease prevention and treatment. **Recommendations for Future Research:** 1. Investigate the mechanisms by which GCM1 regulates chromatin structure and function. 2. Explore the role of GCM1 in other cell types and tissues, including the development of the immune system. 3. Investigate the therapeutic potential of GCM1 in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. By understanding the functions of GCM1, researchers can gain insights into the development and regulation of immune cells and tissues, and develop new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases associated with GCM1 dysregulation.

Genular Protein ID: 1389422349

Symbol: GCM1_HUMAN

Name: Chorion-specific transcription factor GCMa

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Q9NP62 Q4VAQ7 Q5T0X0 Q99468 Q9P1X3

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 1 CTD 1 ChEBI 8 ChiTaRS 1 DMDM 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 7 Ensembl 1 GO 24 Gene3D 2 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 GlyGen 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 5 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRO 1 PROSITE 1 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 1 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 1 RNAct 1 RefSeq 1 SIGNOR 1 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 1 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 8962155

Title: The gcm-motif: a novel DNA binding motif conserved in Drosophila and mammals.

PubMed ID: 8962155

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.25.14912

PubMed ID: 10542267

Title: A GCM motif protein is involved in placenta-specific expression of human aromatase gene.

PubMed ID: 10542267

DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.45.32279

PubMed ID: 11071865

Title: Genomic organization, chromosomal localization, and the complete 22 kb DNA sequence of the human GCMa/GCM1, a placenta-specific transcription factor gene.

PubMed ID: 11071865

DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3775

PubMed ID: 14574404

Title: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6.

PubMed ID: 14574404

DOI: 10.1038/nature02055

PubMed ID: 15489334

Title: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).

PubMed ID: 15489334

DOI: 10.1101/gr.2596504

PubMed ID: 18160678

Title: Glial cell missing 1 regulates placental growth factor (PGF) gene transcription in human trophoblast.

PubMed ID: 18160678

DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.065599

PubMed ID: 18703417

Title: Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D2 is responsible for FBXW2 (F-box and WD repeat domain containing 2)-mediated human GCM1 (glial cell missing homolog 1) ubiquitination and degradation.

PubMed ID: 18703417

DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.071407

PubMed ID: 19219068

Title: Glial cell missing-1 transcription factor is required for the differentiation of the human trophoblast.

PubMed ID: 19219068

DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.1

PubMed ID: 27917469

Title: Association of dysfunctional synapse defective 1 (SYDE1) with restricted fetal growth - SYDE1 regulates placental cell migration and invasion.

PubMed ID: 27917469

DOI: 10.1002/path.4835

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 436
  • Mass: 49268
  • Checksum: E16CDD2DDEB25678
  • Sequence:
    • MEPDDFDSED KEILSWDIND VKLPQNVKKT DWFQEWPDSY AKHIYSSEDK NAQRHLSSWA 
MRNTNNHNSR ILKKSCLGVV VCGRDCLAEE GRKIYLRPAI CDKARQKQQR KRCPNCDGPL 
KLIPCRGHGG FPVTNFWRHD GRFIFFQSKG EHDHPKPETK LEAEARRAMK KVNTAPSSVS 
LSLKGSTETR SLPGETQSQG SLPLTWSFQE GVQLPGSYSG HLIANTPQQN SLNDCFSFSK 
SYGLGGITDL TDQTSTVDPM KLYEKRKLSS SRTYSSGDLL PPSASGVYSD HGDLQAWSKN 
AALGRNHLAD NCYSNYPFPL TSWPCSFSPS QNSSEPFYQQ LPLEPPAAKT GCPPLWPNPA 
GNLYEEKVHV DFNSYVQSPA YHSPQEDPFL FTYASHPHQQ YSLPSKSSKW DFEEEMTYLG 
LDHCNNDMLL NLCPLR

Database document:

This is a preview of the gene's schema. Only a few entries are kept for 'singleCellExpressions,' 'mRNAExpressions,' and other large data arrays for visualization purposes. You can zoom in with the mouse wheel for a closer view, and the text will adjust automatically if necessary. For the full schema, download it here.