Details for: RGS11

Gene ID: 8786

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: RGS11

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000076344

Description: regulator of G protein signaling 11

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 12.85
    rCSI 17.51%
    PRS 45.99
  • cerebellar granule cell CL0001031
    CSI 2.96
    rCSI 4.35%
    PRS 72.05
  • retinal ganglion cell CL0000740
    CSI 2.87
    rCSI 6.33%
    PRS 64.89
  • mature astrocyte CL0002627
    CSI 2.86
    rCSI 12.16%
    PRS 71.45
  • ON-bipolar cell CL0000749
    CSI 2.57
    rCSI 3.81%
    PRS 79.15
  • lung neuroendocrine cell CL1000223
    CSI 2.29
    rCSI 3.39%
    PRS 83.15
  • bronchus fibroblast of lung CL2000093
    CSI 2.15
    rCSI 1.75%
    PRS 78.4
  • peripheral nervous system neuron CL2000032
    CSI 1.84
    rCSI 2.51%
    PRS 70.57
  • rod bipolar cell CL0000751
    CSI 1.83
    rCSI 3.29%
    PRS 72.5
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 1.82
    rCSI 4.2%
    PRS 67.13
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 1.79
    rCSI 2.23%
    PRS 58.89
  • differentiation-committed oligodendrocyte precursor CL4023059
    CSI 1.78
    rCSI 3.24%
    PRS 70.49
  • pancreatic D cell CL0000173
    CSI 1.77
    rCSI 1.74%
    PRS 81.66
  • enteroendocrine cell CL0000164
    CSI 1.74
    rCSI 2.38%
    PRS 78.83
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 3.8%
    PRS 61.75
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 1.69
    rCSI 2.18%
    PRS 62.08
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 2.7%
    PRS 62.68
  • cardiac neuron CL0010022
    CSI 1.68
    rCSI 5.37%
    PRS 76.23
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 1.65
    rCSI 1.98%
    PRS 61.04
  • lung pericyte CL0009089
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 3.98%
    PRS 85.64
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 1.51
    rCSI 2.66%
    PRS 60.29
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 1.38
    rCSI 4.33%
    PRS 62.63
  • retinal bipolar neuron CL0000748
    CSI 1.26
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 67.44
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 0.97
    rCSI 3.04%
    PRS 65.03
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 0.87
    rCSI 2.1%
    PRS 59.02
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 0.84
    rCSI 2.02%
    PRS 66.25
  • retinal cone cell CL0000573
    CSI 0.84
    rCSI 1.36%
    PRS 69.02
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 0.8
    rCSI 1.34%
    PRS 61
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 0.74
    rCSI 2.8%
    PRS 61.48
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 0.65
    rCSI 2.36%
    PRS 58.9
  • ON parasol ganglion cell CL4033052
    CSI 0.45
    rCSI 6.34%
    PRS 70.2
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 0.43
    rCSI 2.56%
    PRS 61.73
  • ON midget ganglion cell CL4033046
    CSI 0.41
    rCSI 8.26%
    PRS 69.16
  • OFF midget ganglion cell CL4033047
    CSI 0.29
    rCSI 5.83%
    PRS 70.33

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

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  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
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    • High
    • Medium
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    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary Regulator of G-protein signaling 11, or **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)**, is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 16p13.3. As a member of the RGS family, it functions primarily as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), negatively regulating G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways. This function is critical for modulating the duration and intensity of signals transduced by G-proteins. Expression data indicates that **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** has a highly specialized role, with its most significant expression observed in [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458) and a variety of neuronal and neuroendocrine cell types. This suggests a primary function in terminating signaling cascades within the nervous and endocrine systems. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** highlights its specialized function in neuro-sensory and neuroendocrine contexts. * **Dominant Expression in Neural and Sensory Cells:** **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** shows its highest significance by a large margin in [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458) (CSI: 12.85), cells of neural crest origin. It is also a significant marker in a broad spectrum of central nervous system cells, including [cerebellar granule cell](/details-cell/CL0001031), [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740), [mature astrocyte](/details-cell/CL0002627), retinal [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749), and [inhibitory interneuron](/details-cell/CL0000498). Its presence in both neurons and glial cells like astrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursors suggests a widespread role in modulating neural signaling and homeostasis. * **Role in Neuroendocrine Systems:** The gene is also significantly expressed in various neuroendocrine cells, such as [lung neuroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL1000223), [pancreatic D cell](/details-cell/CL0000173), and [enteroendocrine cell](/details-cell/CL0000164). This pattern suggests **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** may be involved in regulating hormone secretion and physiological responses controlled by these specialized cells. **Overall**, the expression landscape of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** points to a crucial role as a signal terminator in excitable and secretory cells that rely on precise GPCR signaling for their function. ## Pathways and Molecular Function Functional annotations for **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** are highly consistent with its role as a key modulator of G-protein signaling. * **Molecular Function:** The primary molecular functions of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** include [Gtpase activator activity](/details-go/GO:0005096) and [G-protein beta-subunit binding](/details-go/GO:0031681). It achieves this by accelerating the intrinsic GTP hydrolysis rate of G alpha subunits, effectively turning off the signal. Research has shown that RGS proteins containing a G protein gamma subunit-like (GGL) domain, including **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)**, specifically bind to Gbeta5 subunits to form functional complexes ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.13307), [Link](https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.11.6489)). * **Biological Processes & Pathways:** **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** is a central component of the [G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:0007186) and its negative regulation ([GO:0009968](/details-go/GO:0009968)). Reactome pathways further specify its involvement in '[G alpha (i) signalling events](/details-pathway/R-HSA-418594)' and the broader '[Signaling by gpcr](/details-pathway/R-HSA-372790)' super-pathway. Its cellular localization to the [cytoplasm](/details-go/GO:0005737), [plasma membrane](/details-go/GO:0005886), and [neuron projection](/details-go/GO:0043005) places it at the site of active signal transduction in the cell types where it is most prominently expressed. ## Research Directions The highly specific expression pattern of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** in neural, retinal, and neuroendocrine cells suggests that its dysregulation could contribute to a range of pathologies, from neurodegenerative diseases to endocrine disorders and cancer. **Proposed Hypotheses:** 1. Given its exceptionally high and specific expression in [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458), **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** may act as a key regulator of GPCR pathways (e.g., melanocortin 1 receptor signaling) that control pigmentation and cell proliferation. Its loss or dysregulation could be a contributing factor in the development or progression of melanoma. 2. The significant expression of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** in multiple retinal cell types, including [ON-bipolar cell](/details-cell/CL0000749) and [retinal ganglion cell](/details-cell/CL0000740), suggests it is critical for terminating light-induced signaling cascades. Loss-of-function mutations in **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** could lead to aberrant visual processing, light sensitivity, or retinal degenerative disorders. **Experimental Approach:** To test the hypothesis regarding its role in melanoma (Hypothesis 1), a targeted experimental approach could be employed. One could utilize CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** in a panel of human melanoma cell lines with varying mutational backgrounds (e.g., BRAF-mutant vs. wild-type). The impact of **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** deletion on key cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation (via BrdU incorporation assays), invasion (via Matrigel invasion assays), and response to standard-of-care therapies (e.g., BRAF/MEK inhibitors) would be systematically evaluated. Complementary phosphoproteomics analysis could identify the specific GPCR pathways that become hyperactivated upon **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** loss. **Therapeutic Potential:** As an intracellular signaling protein, **[RGS11](/details-gene/8786)** presents a challenging but potentially valuable therapeutic target. If its activity is proven to be a critical dependency for the survival of certain cancer cells, such as melanoma, the development of small molecule inhibitors would be the primary therapeutic strategy. Such inhibitors would aim to disrupt its interaction with G-protein subunits or block its GTPase-activating function, thereby sustaining oncogenic signaling in a way that could induce synthetic lethality with other pathway inhibitors. Its high specificity for neural-lineage cells suggests that systemic inhibition might have neurological side effects, requiring careful consideration in drug development.

Genular Protein ID: 4193939754

Symbol: RGS11_HUMAN

Name: Regulator of G-protein signaling 11

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

O94810 O75883 Q4TT71 Q4TT72

Database IDs:

AGR 1 AlphaFoldDB 1 Antibodypedia 1 Bgee 1 BioGRID 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 BioMuta 1 CCDS 3 CDD 3 CTD 1 ChiTaRS 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 9 Ensembl 3 ExpressionAtlas 1 GO 11 Gene3D 4 GeneCards 1 GeneTree 1 GeneWiki 1 GenomeRNAi 1 HGNC 1 HOGENOM 1 HPA 1 InParanoid 1 IntAct 1 InterPro 11 KEGG 1 MANE-Select 1 MIM 1 MassIVE 1 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OMA 1 OpenTargets 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PRINTS 1 PRO 1 PROSITE 2 PathwayCommons 1 PaxDb 1 PeptideAtlas 1 Pfam 4 PharmGKB 1 Pharos 1 PhosphoSitePlus 1 PhylomeDB 1 Proteomes 1 ProteomicsDB 3 RNAct 1 Reactome 2 RefSeq 4 SMART 4 SMR 1 STRING 1 SUPFAM 3 SignaLink 1 TreeFam 1 UCSC 1 VEuPathDB 1 eggNOG 1 iPTMnet 1 neXtProt 1

Citations:

PubMed ID: 9789084

Title: A G protein gamma subunit-like domain shared between RGS11 and other RGS proteins specifies binding to Gbeta5 subunits.

PubMed ID: 9789084

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.22.13307

PubMed ID: 11157797

Title: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 11157797

DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.4.339

PubMed ID: 15616553

Title: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16.

PubMed ID: 15616553

DOI: 10.1038/nature03187

PubMed ID: 10339615

Title: Fidelity of G protein beta-subunit association by the G protein gamma-subunit-like domains of RGS6, RGS7, and RGS11.

PubMed ID: 10339615

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.11.6489

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 467
  • Mass: 52946
  • Checksum: 46BEE11D77C2C5F7
  • Sequence:
    • MAAGPAPPPG RPRAQMPHLR KMERVVVSMQ DPDQGVKMRS QRLLVTVIPH AVTGSDVVQW 
LAQKFCVSEE EALHLGAVLV QHGYIYPLRD PRSLMLRPDE TPYRFQTPYF WTSTLRPAAE 
LDYAIYLAKK NIRKRGTLVD YEKDCYDRLH KKINHAWDLV LMQAREQLRA AKQRSKGDRL 
VIACQEQTYW LVNRPPPGAP DVLEQGPGRG SCAASRVLMT KSADFHKREI EYFRKALGRT 
RVKSSVCLEA YLSFCGQRGP HDPLVSGCLP SNPWISDNDA YWVMNAPTVA APTKLRVERW 
GFSFRELLED PVGRAHFMDF LGKEFSGENL SFWEACEELR YGAQAQVPTL VDAVYEQFLA 
PGAAHWVNID SRTMEQTLEG LRQPHRYVLD DAQLHIYMLM KKDSYPRFLK SDMYKALLAE 
AGIPLEMKRR VFPFTWRPRH SSPSPALLPT PVEPTAACGP GGGDGVA

Genular Protein ID: 3896178551

Symbol: B7Z285_HUMAN

Name: N/A

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

B7Z285

Database IDs:

AlphaFoldDB 1 BioGRID-ORCS 1 CDD 1 CTD 1 DNASU 1 DisGeNET 1 EMBL 2 GO 2 Gene3D 2 InterPro 6 NCBI Taxonomy 1 OrthoDB 1 PANTHER 2 PROSITE 2 Pfam 2 ProteomicsDB 1 RefSeq 1 SAM 1 SMART 1 SUPFAM 1

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 261
  • Mass: 29492
  • Checksum: D6426EAC619B9FAF
  • Sequence:
    • MAAGPAPPPG RPRAQMPHLR KMERVVVSMQ DPDQGVKMRS QRLLVTVIPH AVTGSDVVQW 
LAQKFCVSEE EALHLGAVLV QHGYIYPLRD PRSLMLRPDE TPYRFQTPYF WTSTLRPAAE 
LDYAIYLAKK NIRKRGTLVD YEKDCYDRLH KKINHAWDLV LMQAREQLRA AKQRSKGDRL 
VIACQEQTYW LVNRPPPGAP DVLEQGPGRG SCAASRVLMV EASRTRGTRP EGASEPRSSK 
TLCSNQSHPD PTSGKMHLEP H