Details for: CELSR2

Gene ID: 1952

Gene Type:  Protein-coding  - A gene that serves as a template for producing a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, which is then translated into a functional protein.

Symbol: CELSR2

Ensembl ID: ENSG00000143126

Description: cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2

Selected Context(s):  Overall

Cell Significance Landscape

Contexts:

Associated with

Significant Cells

Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores for the chosen context(s)

  • conventional dendritic cell CL0000990
    CSI 32.94
    rCSI 27.49%
    PRS 92.34
  • chondrocyte CL0000138
    CSI 31.04
    rCSI 49.37%
    PRS 95.88
  • pericyte CL0000669
    CSI 29.63
    rCSI 78.89%
    PRS 82.64
  • regulatory T cell CL0000815
    CSI 24.81
    rCSI 28.76%
    PRS 92.73
  • mast cell CL0000097
    CSI 22.97
    rCSI 49.6%
    PRS 93.38
  • basal cell of epidermis CL0002187
    CSI 22.34
    rCSI 39.6%
    PRS 79.24
  • CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive CL0001203
    CSI 22.19
    rCSI 26.89%
    PRS 84.83
  • melanocyte of skin CL1000458
    CSI 20.66
    rCSI 28.16%
    PRS 80.35
  • suprabasal keratinocyte CL4033013
    CSI 17.76
    rCSI 28.99%
    PRS 80.89
  • progenitor cell CL0011026
    CSI 13.12
    rCSI 27.91%
    PRS 94.48
  • astrocyte of the cerebral cortex CL0002605
    CSI 12.04
    rCSI 26.98%
    PRS 93.33
  • melanocyte CL0000148
    CSI 11.75
    rCSI 8.7%
    PRS 96.38
  • ependymal cell CL0000065
    CSI 11.44
    rCSI 23.21%
    PRS 88.97
  • fallopian tube secretory epithelial cell CL4030006
    CSI 11.21
    rCSI 10.79%
    PRS 97.08
  • innate lymphoid cell CL0001065
    CSI 11.09
    rCSI 22.9%
    PRS 92.86
  • pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023018
    CSI 10.64
    rCSI 13.24%
    PRS 91.8
  • caudal ganglionic eminence derived cortical interneuron CL4023064
    CSI 10.53
    rCSI 18.6%
    PRS 93.03
  • glioblast CL0000030
    CSI 9.56
    rCSI 15.26%
    PRS 94.59
  • cerebral cortex neuron CL0010012
    CSI 9.31
    rCSI 37.94%
    PRS 93.31
  • secretory cell CL0000151
    CSI 9.05
    rCSI 9.44%
    PRS 97.29
  • sncg GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023015
    CSI 8.98
    rCSI 14.44%
    PRS 93.36
  • neuroblast (sensu Vertebrata) CL0000031
    CSI 8.88
    rCSI 11.4%
    PRS 96.36
  • neuroblast (sensu Nematoda and Protostomia) CL0000338
    CSI 8.82
    rCSI 10.19%
    PRS 94.41
  • keratinocyte CL0000312
    CSI 8.71
    rCSI 7.3%
    PRS 96.87
  • sst GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023017
    CSI 8.57
    rCSI 11.05%
    PRS 93.66
  • kidney loop of Henle thin descending limb epithelial cell CL1001111
    CSI 8.29
    rCSI 11.75%
    PRS 97.17
  • inhibitory interneuron CL0000498
    CSI 8.25
    rCSI 19.04%
    PRS 93.78
  • myoepithelial cell CL0000185
    CSI 8.24
    rCSI 20.85%
    PRS 98.53
  • neural crest cell CL0011012
    CSI 8.24
    rCSI 6.51%
    PRS 95.86
  • interneuron CL0000099
    CSI 8.15
    rCSI 16.37%
    PRS 95.67
  • glial cell CL0000125
    CSI 6.73
    rCSI 25.63%
    PRS 94.59
  • duct epithelial cell CL0000068
    CSI 6.7
    rCSI 9.81%
    PRS 98.81
  • VIP GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023016
    CSI 6.31
    rCSI 7.53%
    PRS 93.13
  • cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron CL0010011
    CSI 6.07
    rCSI 17.91%
    PRS 97.33
  • club cell CL0000158
    CSI 6.04
    rCSI 8.85%
    PRS 96.45
  • glutamatergic neuron CL0000679
    CSI 4.84
    rCSI 9.95%
    PRS 91.21
  • kidney connecting tubule epithelial cell CL1000768
    CSI 4.4
    rCSI 11.17%
    PRS 95.81
  • cytotoxic T cell CL0000910
    CSI 4.15
    rCSI 23.8%
    PRS 94.92
  • neural progenitor cell CL0011020
    CSI 4.09
    rCSI 17.99%
    PRS 91.56
  • helper T cell CL0000912
    CSI 4.09
    rCSI 5.78%
    PRS 93.44
  • GABAergic neuron CL0000617
    CSI 4.02
    rCSI 13.48%
    PRS 90.71
  • parietal epithelial cell CL1000452
    CSI 3.43
    rCSI 9.18%
    PRS 96.11
  • L2/3-6 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4023040
    CSI 3.15
    rCSI 7.65%
    PRS 91.75
  • L6b glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023038
    CSI 3.14
    rCSI 9.81%
    PRS 93.52
  • lamp5 GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023011
    CSI 3.13
    rCSI 5.25%
    PRS 93.42
  • retina horizontal cell CL0000745
    CSI 3.05
    rCSI 4.64%
    PRS 96.07
  • near-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023012
    CSI 2.07
    rCSI 7.83%
    PRS 92.81
  • corticothalamic-projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023013
    CSI 2.02
    rCSI 11.92%
    PRS 93.07
  • L2/3 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030059
    CSI 1.8
    rCSI 3.9%
    PRS 91.39
  • L5 extratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic cortical neuron CL4023041
    CSI 1.66
    rCSI 5.98%
    PRS 91.96
  • chandelier pvalb GABAergic cortical interneuron CL4023036
    CSI 1.5
    rCSI 4.71%
    PRS 94.22
  • L4 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neuron CL4030063
    CSI 1.44
    rCSI 3.45%
    PRS 92.53

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this specific cell.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.

Cell ID: Standard Cell Ontology term used for mapping and comparing cells across experiments. Ensures consistency in analyzing cellular functions across tissues.
Fold Change: Represents the ratio of the current Cell Significance Index to the Cell Significance Index Threshold, indicating how much the gene expression has changed compared to a baseline.
Cell Significance Index: Reflects how strongly a gene is expressed in this cell type. Calculated using techniques like effect size estimation and bootstrapping for reliability.
Network Configuration

Explore relationships of the current gene. Select an Interaction Source: 'ONTOLOGY' for shared pathways (GO/Reactome) or 'STRING' for protein-protein interactions. Further refine by selecting context genes and comparing Cell Significance Index (CSI) scores between baseline and target cell types and their specific contexts.

Comma-separated if multiple.
Comma-separated if multiple.

Legend:
  • Query Gene
  • Node Color (Target Cell CSI, relative to current network):
    • Very High
    • High
    • Medium
    • Low
    • Very Low
    • CSI N/A
  • Node Size: Proportional to Target Cell CSI magnitude
  • STRING PPI Edge
  • Shared Pathway Edge (ONTOLOGY)

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Other Information

This section provides additional information about the gene, including a description generated by an AI language model and details about associated proteins.

## Summary [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 2) is a protein-coding gene located on chromosome 1p13.3. It encodes a large, atypical cadherin that functions as a G protein-coupled receptor. [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) plays a crucial role in fundamental biological processes, including [cell-cell adhesion](/details-go/GO:0098609), developmental signaling via the [Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway](/details-go/GO:0060071), and the formation and function of cilia ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019)). Reflecting its diverse functions, the gene shows significant expression across a wide range of cell types, with particularly high significance in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990), [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138), [pericyte](/details-cell/CL0000669), and various immune and neural cell populations. ## Cellular Roles and Expression Landscape The expression profile of [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) highlights its multifaceted role in maintaining tissue architecture and mediating cellular communication across different lineages. **Overall**, the gene demonstrates its highest significance in disparate cell types, suggesting its involvement in both immune surveillance and structural tissue integrity. Its most significant expression is observed in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) (CSI: 32.94), suggesting a potential role in antigen presentation or immune cell trafficking. High significance is also noted in mesenchymal-derived cells, including [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138) (CSI: 31.04) and [pericyte](/details-cell/CL0000669) (CSI: 29.63), implicating it in the maintenance of cartilage and vascular support structures. Furthermore, [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) is a notable marker within the immune system, showing high significance in [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815), [mast cell](/details-cell/CL0000097), and [CD8-positive, alpha-beta memory T cell, CD45RO-positive](/details-cell/CL0001203). This broad immune expression pattern is consistent with a function in cell-cell recognition and signaling within lymphoid tissues. The gene also displays a distinct signature in epithelial and neural-related cells. It is significantly expressed in skin cells such as [basal cell of epidermis](/details-cell/CL0002187), [melanocyte of skin](/details-cell/CL1000458), and [suprabasal keratinocyte](/details-cell/CL4033013). Its presence in [astrocyte of the cerebral cortex](/details-cell/CL0002605) and [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065) aligns with published reports of its expression in the brain ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/7.3.233)) and its critical role in neural development and pathology ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019)). ## Pathways and Molecular Function [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) is functionally annotated as a transmembrane receptor with diverse signaling capabilities. As a member of the cadherin superfamily, its primary role involves mediating calcium-dependent [homophilic cell adhesion via plasma membrane adhesion molecules](/details-go/GO:0007156). This function is fundamental to tissue morphogenesis and stability. Its structure as a seven-pass transmembrane protein enables it to function in the [G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway](/details-go/GO:0007186). This dual-functionality is particularly relevant to its involvement in the [Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway](/details-go/GO:0060071), which governs the coordinated orientation of cells within a tissue plane. This pathway is critical for processes like [dendrite morphogenesis](/details-go/GO:0048813) and [neural plate anterior/posterior regionalization](/details-go/GO:0021999). A key aspect of [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) function is its role in ciliogenesis, specifically in [cilium assembly](/details-go/GO:0060271) and [cilium movement](/details-go/GO:0003341). This is consistent with its high expression in [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065), which lines the brain ventricles, and its involvement in [cerebrospinal fluid secretion](/details-go/GO:0033326) and [ventricular system development](/details-go/GO:0021591). Mutations in [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) have been directly linked to congenital hydrocephalus, likely due to defective ciliary function in ependymal cells ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019)). ## Research Directions The widespread yet specific expression pattern of [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952), combined with its multifaceted signaling roles, presents several avenues for future investigation. Its function as a cell adhesion molecule, a GPCR, and a regulator of planar cell polarity makes it a central node in developmental and homeostatic processes. ### Proposed Hypotheses 1. **Hypothesis 1:** Given its high significance in [conventional dendritic cell](/details-cell/CL0000990) and [regulatory T cell](/details-cell/CL0000815) alongside its function in [cell-cell adhesion](/details-go/GO:0098609), [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) may play a critical role in modulating the immunological synapse by mediating direct, homophilic interactions between these cell types, thereby influencing T cell activation and tolerance. 2. **Hypothesis 2:** Based on its high expression in [chondrocyte](/details-cell/CL0000138) and its involvement in the [Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity pathway](/details-go/GO:0060071), [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) is likely essential for establishing the columnar organization of chondrocytes in the cartilage growth plate, and its dysregulation could contribute to skeletal dysplasia. 3. **Hypothesis 3:** The established link between [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) mutation and hydrocephalus ([Link](https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019)), its high expression in [ependymal cell](/details-cell/CL0000065), and its role in [cilium movement](/details-go/GO:0003341) strongly suggest that [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) is required for the coordinated beating of motile cilia that drives cerebrospinal fluid flow. ### Suggested Experimental Approach To test Hypothesis 3, a conditional knockout mouse model could be generated using a Cre-Lox system to specifically delete [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) in Foxj1-expressing cells, which are predominantly multiciliated cells including ependymal cells. The resulting phenotype would be assessed for the development of hydrocephalus via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Brain tissue from these mice could be analyzed *ex vivo* to directly measure ciliary beat frequency and coordination using high-speed video microscopy. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy could be employed to examine the ultrastructure of ependymal cilia and their basal body anchoring for any structural defects resulting from the loss of [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952). ### Therapeutic Potential As a cell-surface G protein-coupled receptor, [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) is a druggable target. For congenital disorders like hydrocephalus caused by loss-of-function mutations, a therapeutic strategy would focus on **activation**. The development of small molecule agonists that bind to the extracellular or transmembrane domains to potentiate [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) signaling could potentially rescue or ameliorate defective ciliary function. Conversely, if [CELSR2](/details-gene/1952) were implicated in diseases of hyperproliferation or abnormal cell migration, its accessible extracellular domains would make it a suitable target for inhibitory monoclonal antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates.

Genular Protein ID: 825451018

Symbol: CELR2_HUMAN

Name: Cadherin family member 10

UniProtKB Accession Codes:

Database IDs:

Citations:

PubMed ID: 10907856

Title: The human homologue of flamingo, EGFL2, encodes a brain-expressed large cadherin-like protein with epidermal growth factor-like domains, and maps to chromosome 1p13.3-p21.1.

PubMed ID: 10907856

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/7.3.233

PubMed ID: 16710414

Title: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1.

PubMed ID: 16710414

DOI: 10.1038/nature04727

PubMed ID: 9039502

Title: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. VI. The coding sequences of 80 new genes (KIAA0201-KIAA0280) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from cell line KG-1 and brain.

PubMed ID: 9039502

DOI: 10.1093/dnares/3.5.321

PubMed ID: 18669648

Title: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation.

PubMed ID: 18669648

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0805139105

PubMed ID: 29983323

Title: De Novo Mutation in Genes Regulating Neural Stem Cell Fate in Human Congenital Hydrocephalus.

PubMed ID: 29983323

DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.019

Sequence Information:

  • Length: 2923
  • Mass: 317453
  • Checksum: 382757D315158ED8
  • Sequence:
  • MRSPATGVPL PTPPPPLLLL LLLLLPPPLL GDQVGPCRSL GSRGRGSSGA CAPMGWLCPS 
    SASNLWLYTS RCRDAGTELT GHLVPHHDGL RVWCPESEAH IPLPPAPEGC PWSCRLLGIG 
    GHLSPQGKLT LPEEHPCLKA PRLRCQSCKL AQAPGLRAGE RSPEESLGGR RKRNVNTAPQ 
    FQPPSYQATV PENQPAGTPV ASLRAIDPDE GEAGRLEYTM DALFDSRSNQ FFSLDPVTGA 
    VTTAEELDRE TKSTHVFRVT AQDHGMPRRS ALATLTILVT DTNDHDPVFE QQEYKESLRE 
    NLEVGYEVLT VRATDGDAPP NANILYRLLE GSGGSPSEVF EIDPRSGVIR TRGPVDREEV 
    ESYQLTVEAS DQGRDPGPRS TTAAVFLSVE DDNDNAPQFS EKRYVVQVRE DVTPGAPVLR 
    VTASDRDKGS NAVVHYSIMS GNARGQFYLD AQTGALDVVS PLDYETTKEY TLRVRAQDGG 
    RPPLSNVSGL VTVQVLDIND NAPIFVSTPF QATVLESVPL GYLVLHVQAI DADAGDNARL 
    EYRLAGVGHD FPFTINNGTG WISVAAELDR EEVDFYSFGV EARDHGTPAL TASASVSVTV 
    LDVNDNNPTF TQPEYTVRLN EDAAVGTSVV TVSAVDRDAH SVITYQITSG NTRNRFSITS 
    QSGGGLVSLA LPLDYKLERQ YVLAVTASDG TRQDTAQIVV NVTDANTHRP VFQSSHYTVN 
    VNEDRPAGTT VVLISATDED TGENARITYF MEDSIPQFRI DADTGAVTTQ AELDYEDQVS 
    YTLAITARDN GIPQKSDTTY LEILVNDVND NAPQFLRDSY QGSVYEDVPP FTSVLQISAT 
    DRDSGLNGRV FYTFQGGDDG DGDFIVESTS GIVRTLRRLD RENVAQYVLR AYAVDKGMPP 
    ARTPMEVTVT VLDVNDNPPV FEQDEFDVFV EENSPIGLAV ARVTATDPDE GTNAQIMYQI 
    VEGNIPEVFQ LDIFSGELTA LVDLDYEDRP EYVLVIQATS APLVSRATVH VRLLDRNDNP 
    PVLGNFEILF NNYVTNRSSS FPGGAIGRVP AHDPDISDSL TYSFERGNEL SLVLLNASTG 
    ELKLSRALDN NRPLEAIMSV LVSDGVHSVT AQCALRVTII TDEMLTHSIT LRLEDMSPER 
    FLSPLLGLFI QAVAATLATP PDHVVVFNVQ RDTDAPGGHI LNVSLSVGQP PGPGGGPPFL 
    PSEDLQERLY LNRSLLTAIS AQRVLPFDDN ICLREPCENY MRCVSVLRFD SSAPFIASSS 
    VLFRPIHPVG GLRCRCPPGF TGDYCETEVD LCYSRPCGPH GRCRSREGGY TCLCRDGYTG 
    EHCEVSARSG RCTPGVCKNG GTCVNLLVGG FKCDCPSGDF EKPYCQVTTR SFPAHSFITF 
    RGLRQRFHFT LALSFATKER DGLLLYNGRF NEKHDFVALE VIQEQVQLTF SAGESTTTVS 
    PFVPGGVSDG QWHTVQLKYY NKPLLGQTGL PQGPSEQKVA VVTVDGCDTG VALRFGSVLG 
    NYSCAAQGTQ GGSKKSLDLT GPLLLGGVPD LPESFPVRMR QFVGCMRNLQ VDSRHIDMAD 
    FIANNGTVPG CPAKKNVCDS NTCHNGGTCV NQWDAFSCEC PLGFGGKSCA QEMANPQHFL 
    GSSLVAWHGL SLPISQPWYL SLMFRTRQAD GVLLQAITRG RSTITLQLRE GHVMLSVEGT 
    GLQASSLRLE PGRANDGDWH HAQLALGASG GPGHAILSFD YGQQRAEGNL GPRLHGLHLS 
    NITVGGIPGP AGGVARGFRG CLQGVRVSDT PEGVNSLDPS HGESINVEQG CSLPDPCDSN 
    PCPANSYCSN DWDSYSCSCD PGYYGDNCTN VCDLNPCEHQ SVCTRKPSAP HGYTCECPPN 
    YLGPYCETRI DQPCPRGWWG HPTCGPCNCD VSKGFDPDCN KTSGECHCKE NHYRPPGSPT 
    CLLCDCYPTG SLSRVCDPED GQCPCKPGVI GRQCDRCDNP FAEVTTNGCE VNYDSCPRAI 
    EAGIWWPRTR FGLPAAAPCP KGSFGTAVRH CDEHRGWLPP NLFNCTSITF SELKGFAERL 
    QRNESGLDSG RSQQLALLLR NATQHTAGYF GSDVKVAYQL ATRLLAHEST QRGFGLSATQ 
    DVHFTENLLR VGSALLDTAN KRHWELIQQT EGGTAWLLQH YEAYASALAQ NMRHTYLSPF 
    TIVTPNIVIS VVRLDKGNFA GAKLPRYEAL RGEQPPDLET TVILPESVFR ETPPVVRPAG 
    PGEAQEPEEL ARRQRRHPEL SQGEAVASVI IYRTLAGLLP HNYDPDKRSL RVPKRPIINT 
    PVVSISVHDD EELLPRALDK PVTVQFRLLE TEERTKPICV FWNHSILVSG TGGWSARGCE 
    VVFRNESHVS CQCNHMTSFA VLMDVSRREN GEILPLKTLT YVALGVTLAA LLLTFFFLTL 
    LRILRSNQHG IRRNLTAALG LAQLVFLLGI NQADLPFACT VIAILLHFLY LCTFSWALLE 
    ALHLYRALTE VRDVNTGPMR FYYMLGWGVP AFITGLAVGL DPEGYGNPDF CWLSIYDTLI 
    WSFAGPVAFA VSMSVFLYIL AARASCAAQR QGFEKKGPVS GLQPSFAVLL LLSATWLLAL 
    LSVNSDTLLF HYLFATCNCI QGPFIFLSYV VLSKEVRKAL KLACSRKPSP DPALTTKSTL 
    TSSYNCPSPY ADGRLYQPYG DSAGSLHSTS RSGKSQPSYI PFLLREESAL NPGQGPPGLG 
    DPGSLFLEGQ DQQHDPDTDS DSDLSLEDDQ SGSYASTHSS DSEEEEEEEE EEAAFPGEQG 
    WDSLLGPGAE RLPLHSTPKD GGPGPGKAPW PGDFGTTAKE SSGNGAPEER LRENGDALSR 
    EGSLGPLPGS SAQPHKGILK KKCLPTISEK SSLLRLPLEQ CTGSSRGSSA SEGSRGGPPP 
    RPPPRQSLQE QLNGVMPIAM SIKAGTVDED SSGSEFLFFN FLH